1
|
Castilla-Vallmanya L, Centeno-Pla M, Serrano M, Franco-Valls H, Martínez-Cabrera R, Prat-Planas A, Rojano E, Ranea JAG, Seoane P, Oliva C, Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Marfany G, Artuch R, Grinberg D, Rabionet R, Balcells S, Urreizti R. Advancing in Schaaf-Yang syndrome pathophysiology: from bedside to subcellular analyses of truncated MAGEL2. J Med Genet 2023; 60:406-415. [PMID: 36243518 PMCID: PMC10086475 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is caused by truncating mutations in MAGEL2, mapping to the Prader-Willi region (15q11-q13), with an observed phenotype partially overlapping that of Prader-Willi syndrome. MAGEL2 plays a role in retrograde transport and protein recycling regulation. Our aim is to contribute to the characterisation of SYS pathophysiology at clinical, genetic and molecular levels. METHODS We performed an extensive phenotypic and mutational revision of previously reported patients with SYS. We analysed the secretion levels of amyloid-β 1-40 peptide (Aβ1-40) and performed targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in fibroblasts of patients with SYS (n=7) compared with controls (n=11). We also transfected cell lines with vectors encoding wild-type (WT) or mutated MAGEL2 to assess stability and subcellular localisation of the truncated protein. RESULTS Functional studies show significantly decreased levels of secreted Aβ1-40 and intracellular glutamine in SYS fibroblasts compared with WT. We also identified 132 differentially expressed genes, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as HOTAIR, and many of them related to developmental processes and mitotic mechanisms. The truncated form of MAGEL2 displayed a stability similar to the WT but it was significantly switched to the nucleus, compared with a mainly cytoplasmic distribution of the WT MAGEL2. Based on the updated knowledge, we offer guidelines for the clinical management of patients with SYS. CONCLUSION A truncated MAGEL2 protein is stable and localises mainly in the nucleus, where it might exert a pathogenic neomorphic effect. Aβ1-40 secretion levels and HOTAIR mRNA levels might be promising biomarkers for SYS. Our findings may improve SYS understanding and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Centeno-Pla
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Franco-Valls
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Martínez-Cabrera
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Prat-Planas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rojano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A G Ranea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abraham J Paredes-Fuentes
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, IBUB, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Espluques de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instiuto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) and Prenatal Diagnosis of Schaaf-Yang Syndrome: A Report of Three Families and a Research on Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041688. [PMID: 36836222 PMCID: PMC9962152 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SYS) is a genetic disorder caused by truncating pathogenic variants in the paternal allele of the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene MAGEL2 and is characterized by genital hypoplasia, neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other features. In this study, eleven SYS patients from three families were enrolled and comprehensive clinical features were gathered regarding each family. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the definitive molecular diagnosis of the disease. Identified variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Three couples underwent PGT for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) and/or a prenatal diagnosis. Haplotype analysis was performed to deduce the embryo's genotype by using the short tandem repeats (STRs) identified in each sample. The prenatal diagnosis results showed that the fetus in each case did not carry pathogenic variants, and all the babies of the three families were born at full term and were healthy. We also performed a review of SYS cases. In addition to the 11 patients in our study, a total of 127 SYS patients were included in 11 papers. We summarized all variant sites and clinical symptoms thus far, and conducted a genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. Our results also indicated that the variation in phenotypic severity may depend on the specific location of the truncating variant, suggestive of a genotype-phenotype association.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee SH, Shin SH, Ko JM, Kim B, Oh HS, Kim MJ, Park SG, Kim EK, Kim HS. A Korean Child with Schaaf-Yang Syndrome Presented with Hearing Impairment: A Case Report. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2022.29.3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a rare genomic imprinting disorder caused by truncating mutations in the paternally derived MAGE family member L2 (<i>MAGEL2</i>) allele. It is also responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome, characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, respiratory distress in early infancy, and arthrogryposis. More than 250 individuals with approximately 57 different molecular variants have been reported since 2013, but the phenotype-genotype association in SYS is not yet fully understood. Here, we describe the case of a Korean patient diagnosed with SYS harboring a mutation in the paternal allele of <i>MAGEL2</i>: c.2895G>A, resulting in a protein change of p.Trp965*. The patient’s phenotype included respiratory distress, arthrogryposis, hypotonia, and feeding difficulty in the early neonatal period. Mild renal dysfunction and hearing impairment were observed during infancy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanderson MR, Fahlman RP, Wevrick R. The N-terminal domain of the Schaaf-Yang syndrome protein MAGEL2 likely has a role in RNA metabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100959. [PMID: 34265304 PMCID: PMC8350409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MAGEL2 encodes the L2 member of the melanoma-associated antigen gene (MAGE) protein family, truncating mutations of which can cause Schaaf-Yang syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. MAGEL2 is also inactivated in Prader-Willi syndrome, which overlaps clinically and mechanistically with Schaaf-Yang syndrome. Studies to date have only investigated the C-terminal portion of the MAGEL2 protein, containing the MAGE homology domain that interacts with RING-E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases to form protein complexes that modify protein ubiquitination. In contrast, the N-terminal portion of the MAGEL2 protein has never been studied. Here, we find that MAGEL2 has a low-complexity intrinsically disordered N-terminus rich in Pro-Xn-Gly motifs that is predicted to mediate liquid-liquid phase separation to form biomolecular condensates. We used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify MAGEL2-proximal proteins, then clustered these proteins into functional networks. We determined that coding mutations analogous to disruptive mutations in other MAGE proteins alter these networks in biologically relevant ways. Proteins identified as proximal to the N-terminal portion of MAGEL2 are primarily involved in mRNA metabolic processes and include three mRNA N 6-methyladenosine (m6A)-binding YTHDF proteins and two RNA interference-mediating TNRC6 proteins. We found that YTHDF2 coimmunoprecipitates with MAGEL2, and coexpression of MAGEL2 reduces the nuclear accumulation of YTHDF2 after heat shock. We suggest that the N-terminal region of MAGEL2 may have a role in RNA metabolism and in particular the regulation of mRNAs modified by m6A methylation. These results provide mechanistic insight into pathogenic MAGEL2 mutations associated with Schaaf-Yang syndrome and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthea R Sanderson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Wevrick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahn H, Seo GH, Oh A, Lee Y, Keum C, Heo SH, Kim T, Choi J, Kim GH, Ko TS, Yum MS, Lee BH, Choi IH. Diagnosis of Schaaf-Yang syndrome in Korean children with developmental delay and hypotonia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23864. [PMID: 33371171 PMCID: PMC7748310 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a recently identified disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in a maternally imprinted gene, MAGEL2, at 15q11.2q13. Due to its extreme rarity and wide range of clinical severity, clinical suspicion is difficult for a physician. In the current study, its frequency among the Korean pediatric patients with developmental delay (DD) or intellectual disability (ID) was assessed. As the first report of Korean patients with SYS, our study aims to increase the awareness of this condition among the physicians taking care of the pediatric patients with DD/ID and hypotonia.The patients diagnosed with SYS by whole-exome sequencing (WES) among the 460 Korean pediatric patients with DD/ID were included, and their clinical and molecular features were reviewed.Four patients (0.9%) were diagnosed with SYS. Profound DD (4 patients), multiple anomalies including joint contractures and facial dysmorphism (4 patients), generalized hypotonia (3 patients), and severe respiratory difficulty requiring mechanical ventilation (3 patients) were noted in most cases, similar to those in previous reports. Sleep apnea (2 patients), autistic features (2 patients), a high grade of gastroesophageal reflux (1 patient), and seizures (1 patient) were found as well. A total of 3 different truncating MAGEL2 mutations were identified. A previously-reported mutation, to be the most common one, c.1996dupC, was found in 2 patients. The other 2 mutations, c.2217delC and c.3449_3450delTT were novel mutations. As MAGEL2 is maternally imprinted, 2 patients had inherited the MAGEL2 mutation from their respective healthy fathers.SYS is an extremely rare cause of DD/ID. However, hypotonia, joint contractures, profound DD/ID and facial dysmorphism are the suggestive clinical features for SYS. As a maternally imprinted disorder, it should be reminded that SYS may be inherited in form of a mutation from a healthy father.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | | | - Arum Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Yena Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Choi
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Negishi Y, Ieda D, Hori I, Nozaki Y, Yamagata T, Komaki H, Tohyama J, Nagasaki K, Tada H, Saitoh S. Schaaf-Yang syndrome shows a Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotype during infancy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:277. [PMID: 31791363 PMCID: PMC6888944 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a newly recognized imprinting related syndrome, which is caused by a truncating variant in maternally imprinted MAGEL2 located in 15q11-q13. Yet, precise pathomechanism remains to be solved. We sequenced MAGEL2 in patients suspected Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) to delineate clinical presentation of SYS. We examined 105 patients with clinically suspected PWS but without a specific PWS genetic alteration. Sanger sequencing of the entire MAGEL2 gene and methylation-specific restriction enzyme treatment to detect the parent of origin were performed. Clinical presentation was retrospectively assessed in detail. Results Truncating variants in MAGEL2 were detected in six patients (5.7%), including a pair of siblings. All truncating variants in affected patients were on the paternally derived chromosome, while the healthy father of the affected siblings inherited the variant from his mother. Patients with MAGEL2 variants shared several features with PWS, such as neonatal hypotonia, poor suck, and obesity; however, there were also unique features, including arthrogryposis and a failure to acquire meaningful words. Additionally, an episode of neurological deterioration following febrile illness was confirmed in four of the six patients, which caused severe neurological sequalae. Conclusions SYS can be present in infants suspected with PWS but some unique features, such as arthrogryposis, can help discriminate between the two syndromes. An episode of neurological deterioration following febrile illness should be recognized as an important complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Negishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ieda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ikumi Hori
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tada
- Department of Pediatrics, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Narashino, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patak J, Gilfert J, Byler M, Neerukonda V, Thiffault I, Cross L, Amudhavalli S, Pacio-Miguez M, Palomares-Bralo M, Garcia-Minaur S, Santos-Simarro F, Powis Z, Alcaraz W, Tang S, Jurgens J, Barry B, England E, Engle E, Hess J, Lebel RR. MAGEL2-related disorders: A study and case series. Clin Genet 2019; 96:493-505. [PMID: 31397880 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic MAGEL2 variants result in the phenotypes of Chitayat-Hall syndrome (CHS), Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). We present five patients with mutations in MAGEL2, including the first patient reported with a missense variant, adding to the limited literature. Further, we performed a systematic review of the CHS and SYS literature, assess the overlap between CHS, SYS and PWS, and analyze genotype-phenotype correlations among them. We conclude that there is neither a clinical nor etiological difference between CHS and SYS, and propose that the two syndromes simply be referred to as MAGEL2-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Patak
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,MD Program, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - James Gilfert
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Melissa Byler
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Vamsee Neerukonda
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Pathology & Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri.,Kansas City School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Laura Cross
- Department of Pathology & Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri.,Kansas City School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shivarajan Amudhavalli
- Department of Pathology & Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, Missouri.,Kansas City School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Marta Pacio-Miguez
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares-Bralo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos II (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sixto Garcia-Minaur
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos II (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos II (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoe Powis
- Ambry Genetics Corporation, Aliso Viejo, California
| | | | - Sha Tang
- Ambry Genetics Corporation, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Julie Jurgens
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Brenda Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Eleina England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathon Hess
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Robert R Lebel
- Division of Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao B, Ji X, Wei W, Hui Y, Sun Y. A Recurrent Variant in MAGEL2 in Five Siblings with Severe Respiratory Disturbance after Birth. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:286-290. [PMID: 32021601 DOI: 10.1159/000501376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SHFYNG) is caused by truncating mutations in the paternal allele of the MAGEL2 gene located in the Prader-Willi syndrome region. We report 5 newborns affected with SHFYNG in one family. Trio exome analysis revealed a heterozygous c.1996dupC frameshift mutation in MAGEL2 inherited from the unaffected father. The phenotypes showed strong resemblance, especially for severe respiratory disturbance requiring mechanical ventilation at birth. After discharge from the hospital, 4 of the patients died of respiratory insufficiency within 1 or 2 weeks after birth, and 1 child died after 110 days of aggravated apnea. Apnea or respiratory failure was the main cause of early death in this family. Respiratory distress is a common manifestation of SHFYNG, especially in patients with c.1996dupC mutations. Hypotonia is a main cause of respiratory disturbance, and we propose another possible cause affecting the respiratory center of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hui
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China and Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carias KV, Wevrick R. Preclinical Testing in Translational Animal Models of Prader-Willi Syndrome: Overview and Gap Analysis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:344-358. [PMID: 30989085 PMCID: PMC6447752 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder causing endocrine, musculoskeletal, and neurological dysfunction. PWS is caused by the inactivation of contiguous genes, complicating the development of targeted therapeutics. Clinical trials are now underway in PWS, with more trials to be implemented in the next few years. PWS-like endophenotypes are recapitulated in gene-targeted mice in which the function of one or more PWS genes is disrupted. These animal models can guide priorities for clinical trials or provide information about efficacy of a compound within the context of the specific disease. We now review the current status of preclinical studies that measure the effect of therapeutics on PWS-like endophenotypes. Seven categories of therapeutics (oxytocin and related compounds, K+-ATP channel agonists, melanocortin 4 receptor agonists, incretin mimetics and/or GLP-1 receptor agonists, cannabinoids, ghrelin agents, and Caralluma fimbriata [cactus] extract) have been tested for their effect on endophenotypes in both PWS animal models and clinical trials. Many other therapeutics have been tested in clinical trials, but not preclinical models of PWS or vice versa. Fostering dialogs among investigators performing preclinical validation of animal models and those implementing clinical studies will accelerate the discovery and translation of therapies into clinical practice in PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vanessa Carias
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel Wevrick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McCarthy J, Lupo PJ, Kovar E, Rech M, Bostwick B, Scott D, Kraft K, Roscioli T, Charrow J, Schrier Vergano SA, Lose E, Smiegel R, Lacassie Y, Schaaf CP. Schaaf-Yang syndrome overview: Report of 78 individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2564-2574. [PMID: 30302899 PMCID: PMC6585857 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SYS) is a genetic disorder caused by truncating pathogenic variants in the paternal allele of the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene MAGEL2, located in the Prader-Willi critical region 15q11-15q13. SYS is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has clinical overlap with Prader-Willi Syndrome in the initial stages of life but becomes increasingly distinct throughout childhood and adolescence. Here, we describe the phenotype of an international cohort of 78 patients with nonsense or frameshift mutations in MAGEL2. This cohort includes 43 individuals that have been reported previously, as well as 35 newly identified individuals with confirmed pathogenic genetic variants. We emphasize that intellectual disability/developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, neonatal hypotonia, infantile feeding problems, and distal joint contractures are the most consistently shared features of patients with SYS. Our results also indicate that there is a marked prevalence of infantile respiratory distress, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic constipation, skeletal abnormalities, sleep apnea, and temperature instability. While there are many shared features, patients with SYS are characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum, including a variable degree of intellectual disability, language development, and motor milestones. Our results indicate that the variation in phenotypic severity may depend on the specific location of the truncating mutation, suggestive of a genotype-phenotype association. This evidence may be useful in both prenatal and pediatric genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John McCarthy
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Erin Kovar
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Megan Rech
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bret Bostwick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daryl Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katerina Kraft
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joel Charrow
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Edward Lose
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert Smiegel
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Yves Lacassie
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Christian P Schaaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kleinendorst L, Pi Castán G, Caro-Llopis A, Boon EMJ, van Haelst MM. The role of obesity in the fatal outcome of Schaaf-Yang syndrome: Early onset morbid obesity in a patient with a MAGEL2 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2456-2459. [PMID: 30238631 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) was recently identified as a genetic condition resembling Prader-Willi syndrome. It is caused by mutations on the paternal allele of the MAGEL2 gene, a gene that has been mapped in the Prader-Willi critical region. Here, we present an infant with SYS who sadly died because of the combination of hypotonia, sleep apnea, and obesity. A heterozygous premature stop mutation in MAGEL2 was identified in the patient. The main factors reported in the mortality of SYS are lethal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, fetal akinesia, and pulmonary problems. Our clinical report indicates that obesity and its complications are an important additional factor in the mortality associated with SYS. Therefore, we advise to strictly monitor weight and intensively treat overweight and obesity in SYS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Graciela Pi Castán
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Azira, Spain.,CIBERER (Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases)-U724, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caro-Llopis
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elles M J Boon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
D. Hidalgo-Santos A, del Carmen DeMingo-Alemany M, Moreno-Macián F, Roselló M, Orellana C, Martínez F, Caro-Llopis A, León-Cariñena S, Tomás-Vila M. A Novel Mutation of MAGEL2 in a Patient with Schaaf-Yang Syndrome and Hypopituitarism. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e67329. [PMID: 30323850 PMCID: PMC6176277 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.67329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is caused by truncating point mutations of the paternal allele of MAGEL2, an imprinted gene located in the critical region of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). These patients present a phenotype with neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, joint contractures, and a particularly high prevalence of autism (up to 75% in affected individuals). The loss of function of MAGEL2 is suggested to contribute to endocrine hypothalamic dysfunction in individuals with PWS. CASE PRESENTATION The current study presented the case of a patient with SYS and a novel de novo truncating mutation of MAGEL2 and phenotypic characteristics typical of this Prader-Willi-like syndrome and also including partial hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, and hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and molecular similarities between SYS and PWS suggested the need for a thorough endocrinological follow-up to improve the prognosis and long-term quality of life for patients with SYS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D. Hidalgo-Santos
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Corresponding author: Antonio D. Hidalgo-Santos, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell Street 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain. Tel: +34-687164542, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Mónica Roselló
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caro-Llopis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara León-Cariñena
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Tomás-Vila
- Neuropediatric Section, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|