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Vasconcelos AP, Nogueira A, Matos P, Pinto J, Pinho MJ, Fernandes S, Dória S, Pinto Moura C. Severe KIDAR syndrome caused by deletion in the AP1B1 gene: Report of a teenage patient and systematic review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104827. [PMID: 37657632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome (KIDAR MIM #242150) is a very rare disorder caused by pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the AP1B1 gene. So far, nine patients have been reported in the literature and more clinical descriptions are essential to further delineate the phenotype of KIDAR. Here we report a new patient with KIDAR and compare the clinical findings with those from the other published cases with molecular confirmation. We describe a 14-year-old male born to non-consanguineous parents with unremarkable family history. The patient had fetal ascites, neonatal pancreatic insufficiency with consequent failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, recurrent infections and sepsis. The skin examination was remarkable for an ichthyosis with conspicuous palmoplantar keratoderma, sparse and brittle hair with alopecia on the vertex and slight bilateral ectropion. He had short stature, thin build, frontal bossing, small teeth and prominent abdomen. Additional features were congenital profound bilateral sensorineural deafness, photosensitivity and photophobia. Mild global developmental delay was noted. Persistent mild anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and low serum copper, ceruloplasmin and growth hormone were also present. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral atrophy and thin corpus callosum. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous deletion in the AP1B1 gene, possibly including the same exons as a previously reported deletion. Comparing the phenotypes of all reported individuals, they are highly concordant and major features are enteropathy with feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, sensorineural deafness and sparse and brittle hair. Here we report other features present in more than one patient that could be part of the phenotypic spectrum and suggest copy number variation analysis to be performed alongside sequencing of the AP1B1 gene in case of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Vasconcelos
- Medical Genetics Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) EPE, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Nogueira
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Matos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Pinto
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; i3S: Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Pinho
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; i3S: Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Fernandes
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; i3S: Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dória
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; i3S: Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinto Moura
- Medical Genetics Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) EPE, Porto, Portugal; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) EPE, Porto, Portugal; Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; i3S: Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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