1
|
Wahdini SI, Idamatussilmi F, Pramanasari R, Prawoto AN, Wungu CDK, Putri IL, Gunadi. Genotype-phenotype associations in microtia: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:152. [PMID: 38594752 PMCID: PMC11003020 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtia is a congenital ear malformation that can occur as isolated microtia or as part of a syndrome. The etiology is currently poorly understood, although there is strong evidence that genetics has a role in the occurrence of microtia. This systematic review aimed to determine the genes involved and the abnormalities in microtia patients' head and neck regions. METHODS We used seven search engines to search all known literature on the genetic and phenotypic variables associated with the development or outcome of microtia. The identified publications were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. We found 40 papers in this systematic review with phenotypic data in microtia involving 1459 patients and 30 articles containing genetic data involved in microtia. RESULT The most common accompanying phenotype of all microtia patients was external ear canal atresia, while the most common head and neck abnormalities were the auricular, mental, and oral regions. The most common syndrome found was craniofacial microsomia syndrome. In the syndromic microtia group, the most common genes were TCOF1 (43.75%), SIX2 (4.69%), and HSPA9 (4.69%), while in the non-syndromic microtia group, the most frequently found gene was GSC exon 2 (25%), FANCB (16.67%), HOXA2 (8.33%), GSC exon 3 (8.33%), MARS1 (8.33%), and CDT1 (8.33%). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review shows some genes involved in the microtia development, including TCOF1, SIX2, HSPA9, GSC exon 2, FANCB, HOXA2, GSC exon 3, MARS1, and CDT1 genes. We also reveal a genotype-phenotype association in microtia. In addition, further studies with more complete and comprehensive data are needed, including patients with complete data on syndromes, phenotypes, and genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Isya Wahdini
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fina Idamatussilmi
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada /Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachmaniar Pramanasari
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Almas Nur Prawoto
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Indri Lakhsmi Putri
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulhaq ZS, Nurputra DK, Soraya GV, Kurniawati S, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Tse WKF. A systematic review on Treacher Collins syndrome: Correlation between molecular genetic findings and clinical severity. Clin Genet 2023; 103:146-155. [PMID: 36203321 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS, OMIM: 154500) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder that is caused by variants in the genes TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B. Studies on the association between phenotypic variability and their relative variants are very limited. This systematic review summarized the 53 literatures from PubMed and Scopus to explore the potential TCS genotype-phenotype correlations with statistical analysis. Studies reporting both complete molecular genetics and clinical data were included. We identified that the molecular anomaly within TCOF1 (88.71%) accounted for most TCS cases. The only true hot spot for TCOF1 was detected in exon 24, with recurrent c.4369_4373delAAGAA variant is identified. While the hot spot for POLR1D, POLR1C, and POLR1B were identified in exons 3, 8, and 15, respectively. Our result suggested that the higher severity level was likely to be observed in Asian patients harboring TCOF1 variants rather than POLR1. Moreover, common 5-bp deletions tended to have a higher severity degree in comparison to any variants within exon 24 of TCOF1. In summary, this report suggested the relationship between genetic and clinical data in TCS. Our findings could be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and further biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Batu, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Siti Kurniawati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carter S, Fellows BJ, Gibson K, Bicknell LS. Extending the PAX1 spectrum: a dominantly inherited variant causes oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1178-1181. [PMID: 35879406 PMCID: PMC9553880 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome (OAVS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, with both genetic and environmental contributors. Multiple genes have been associated with OAVS and common molecular pathways, such as retinoic acid and the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH (PSED) network, are being implicated in the disease pathophysiology. Biallelic homozygous nonsense or hypomorphic missense mutations in PAX1 cause otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OTFCS2), a similar but more severe multi-system disorder that can be accompanied by severe combined immunodeficiency due to thymic aplasia. Here we have identified a multi-generational family with mild features of OAVS segregating a heterozygous frameshift in PAX1. The four base duplication is expected to result in nonsense-mediated decay, and therefore cause a null allele. While there was full penetrance of the variant, expressivity of facial and ear features were variable. Our findings indicate there can be monoallelic and biallelic disorders associated with PAX1, and further implicate the PSED network in OAVS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Carter
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget J. Fellows
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate Gibson
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise S. Bicknell
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome, has been described since 1952. Traditionally, the syndrome has been described as having eye, ear, facial and vertebral anomalies. However, numerous case reports and reviews have highlighted multi-organ involvement, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory system and urinary abnormalities. We describe a 13 years old who has a reproductive tract abnormality, which has not been reported previously as a finding of Goldenhar syndrome.
Collapse
|
5
|
Su PH, Liu YF, Yu JS, Chen JY, Chen SJ, Lai YJ. Facial asymmetry and clinical manifestations in patients with novel insertion of the TCOF1 gene. Clin Genet 2011; 82:460-5. [PMID: 21848650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of TCOF1 insertion mutations in Taiwanese patients with craniofacial anomalies. Twelve patients with single or multiple, asymmetrical congenital craniofacial anomalies were enrolled. Genomic DNA was prepared from leukocytes; the coding regions of TCOF1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Clinical manifestations were correlated to the TCOF1 mutation. Six of 12 patients diagnosed with hemifacial microsomia exhibited a novel insertion mutation 4127 ins G (frameshift) in exon 24 in the TCOF1 gene. All six patients were diagnosed with anomalies on the left side. In addition, four of these six patients had hearing impairment; three had other major anomalies; and two had developmental delay. The insertion caused a frameshift, an early truncation, the loss of two putative nuclear localization signals (residues 1404-1420 and 1424-1440), and the loss of coiled coil domain (1406-1426) in treacle protein. These findings support the existence of two regulators of growth of the mandibular condyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P-H Su
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang XS, Li X, Tan C, Xiao L, Jiang HO, Zhang SF, Wang DM, Zhang JX. Genome-wide scanning reveals complex etiology of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 222:311-8. [PMID: 21150135 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.222.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a common developmental disorder involving first and second pharyngeal arches. Although some family cases and such patients showing chromosomal aberrations suggest that OAVS have a genetic basis, no consistent genetic defects have been recorded at present time. Thus, we conducted genetic studies of a three-generation family with five OAVS patients to identify a causative variant for OAVS. Cytogenetic studies revealed those family members had a normal karyotype and no causative mutations were founded in SALL1 and TCOF1, which known to be responsible for two other syndromes that have clinical overlapping with OAVS. Genotyping with commercially available BeadChips was performed on 13 individuals in the same family, showing no significant difference between the affected and normal members in terms of copy number variations (CNVs) in either number or size and no definitive causative CNV. A total of 8,224 informative autosomal SNPs that are evenly distributed throughout the genome were selected for both parametric and non-parametric linkage analysis. Significant negative LOD scores were obtained for the reported OAVS locus, providing further evidence for genetic heterogeneity of this complex disorder. The highest LOD score of 1.60 was noted on chromosome 15q26.2-q26.3 showing a potential linkage to this locus. The variable phenotypes of the affected members and the failure to identify a causative variant indicate that a complex etiology may be present even in a consanguineous family, which makes it more challenging to ascertain the cause of OAVS in further analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-shuang Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Huaihua School of Medicine, Huaihua, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Exclusion of MYF5, GSC, RUNX2, and TCOF1 mutation in a case of cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2010; 19:51-55. [PMID: 20177378 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0b013e328335c133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is an uncommon multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by severe micrognathia, posterior rib-gap defects, and developmental delay. The cause of CCMS is unknown. Genes hypothesized to have a causal role in CCMS, include myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), goosecoid homeobox (GSC) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) [formerly known as core-binding factor (CBFA1)]. We report an infant with typical features of CCMS who, on prenatal ultrasound, was found to have severe micrognathia. We present the first image by three-dimensional computed tomography of posterior rib-defect, and we exclude mutations of the MYF5, GSC, RUNX2, and TCOF1 genes in our patient. Further molecular studies are needed to evaluate the cause of CCMS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel craniofacial and extracraniofacial findings in a case of Treacher Collins syndrome with a pathogenic mutation and a missense variant in the TCOF1 gene. Clin Dysmorphol 2009; 18:63-66. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0b013e328318c4fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|