1
|
Kodippili K, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cell contribution to disease pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180980. [PMID: 37324396 PMCID: PMC10266354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal, x-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects 1 in 5,000 boys. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent muscle degeneration, progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and dysfunction of skeletal muscle resident stem cells, called satellite cells. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for DMD. In this mini review, we discuss how satellite cells in dystrophic muscle are functionally impaired, and how this contributes to the DMD pathology, and the tremendous potential of restoring endogenous satellite cell function as a viable treatment strategy to treat this debilitating and fatal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Setiawan T, Sari IN, Wijaya YT, Julianto NM, Muhammad JA, Lee H, Chae JH, Kwon HY. Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37217930 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a consequence of physiological changes or a pathology characterized by increased catabolic activity that leads to progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Numerous diseases, including cancer, organ failure, infection, and aging-associated diseases, are associated with muscle wasting. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, resulting in functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by the upregulation of systemic inflammation and catabolic stimuli, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of muscle catabolism. Here, we summarize the complex molecular networks that regulate muscle mass and function. Moreover, we describe complex multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia. Although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Thus, we compiled recent ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials and further discussed potential therapeutic approaches for cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadya Marcelina Julianto
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jabir Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Chae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ono Y, Saito M, Sakamoto K, Maejima Y, Misaka S, Shimomura K, Nakanishi N, Inoue S, Kotani J. C188-9, a specific inhibitor of STAT3 signaling, prevents thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031906. [PMID: 36588738 PMCID: PMC9800842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and places a tremendous economic burden on society. Systemic inflammatory responses induced by thermal burn injury can cause muscle wasting, a severe involuntary loss of skeletal muscle that adversely affects the survival and functional outcomes of these patients. Currently, no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), are important hallmarks of severe burn injury. The levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-a downstream component of IL-6 inflammatory signaling-are elevated with muscle wasting in various pro-catabolic conditions, and STAT3 has been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we tested the effects of the STAT3-specific signaling inhibitor C188-9 on thermal burn injury-induced skeletal muscle wasting in vivo and on C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro after the administration of plasma from burn model mice. In mice, thermal burn injury severity dependently increased IL-6 in the plasma and tibialis anterior muscles and activated the STAT3 (increased ratio of phospho-STAT3/STAT3) and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways (increased Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1). These effects resulted in skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced grip strength. In murine C2C12 myotubes, plasma from burn mice activated the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, leading to myotube atrophy. In mice with burn injury, the intraperitoneal injection of C188-9 (50 mg/kg) reduced activation of the STAT3 and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways, reversed skeletal muscle atrophy, and increased grip strength. Similarly, pretreatment of murine C2C12 myotubes with C188-9 (10 µM) reduced activation of the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, and ameliorated myotube atrophy induced by plasma taken from burn model mice. Collectively, these results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 signaling may be a novel therapeutic strategy for thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,*Correspondence: Yuko Ono,
| | - Masafumi Saito
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Misaka
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuto Nakanishi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheikh IA, El-Baba C, Youssef A, Saliba NA, Ghantous A, Darwiche N. Lessons learned from the discovery and development of the sesquiterpene lactones in cancer therapy and prevention. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1377-1405. [PMID: 36373806 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2147920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are one of the most diverse bioactive secondary metabolites found in plants and exhibit a broad range of therapeutic properties . SLs have been showing promising potential in cancer clinical trials, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer potential are being uncovered. Recent evidence also points to a potential utility of SLs in cancer prevention. AREAS COVERED This work evaluates SLs with promising anticancer potential based on cell, animal, and clinical models: Artemisinin, micheliolide, thapsigargin dehydrocostuslactone, arglabin, parthenolide, costunolide, deoxyelephantopin, alantolactone, isoalantolactone, atractylenolide 1, and xanthatin as well as their synthetic derivatives. We highlight actionable molecular targets and biological mechanisms underlying the anticancer therapeutic properties of SLs. This is complemented by a unique assessment of SL mechanisms of action that can be exploited in cancer prevention. We also provide insights into structure-activity and pharmacokinetic properties of SLs and their potential use in combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION We extract seven major lessons learned and present evidence-based solutions that can circumvent some scientific limitations or logistic impediments in SL anticancer research. SLs continue to be at the forefront of cancer drug discovery and are worth a joint interdisciplinary effort in order to leverage their potential in cancer therapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israa A Cheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat A Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shin E, Kang H, Lee H, Lee S, Jeon J, Seong K, Youn H, Youn B. Exosomal Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Induces Ionizing Radiation-Adaptive Glioblastoma Cachexia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193102. [PMID: 36231065 PMCID: PMC9564109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a muscle-wasting syndrome that leads to a severely compromised quality of life and increased mortality. A strong association between cachexia and poor prognosis has been demonstrated in intractable cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, it was demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR), the first-line treatment for GBM, causes cancer cachexia by increasing the exosomal release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) from glioblastoma cells. Exosomal PAI-1 delivered to the skeletal muscle is directly penetrated in the muscles and phosphorylates STAT3 to intensify muscle atrophy by activating muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1); furthermore, it hampers muscle protein synthesis by inhibiting mTOR signaling. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 by TM5441 inhibited muscle atrophy and rescued muscle protein synthesis, thereby providing survival benefits in a GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model. In summary, our data delineated the role of PAI-1 in the induction of GBM cachexia associated with radiotherapy-treated GBM. Our data also indicated that targeting PAI-1 could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of GBM following radiotherapy, which would lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of life of GBM patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Kimoon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hyesook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Buhyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2264
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Li M, Ji Y, Lin Y, Xu L, Gu X, Sun H, Wang W, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhu J. Changes of Gene Expression Patterns of Muscle Pathophysiology-Related Transcription Factors During Denervated Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923190. [PMID: 35812340 PMCID: PMC9263185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common, and can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The transcription factors have been proved to play a key role in denervated muscle atrophy. In order to systematically analyze transcription factors and obtain more comprehensive information of the molecular regulatory mechanisms in denervated muscle atrophy, a new transcriptome survey focused on transcription factors are warranted. In the current study, we used microarray to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors in denervated muscle atrophy in a rat model of sciatic nerve dissection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to explore the biological functions of differentially expressed transcription factors and their target genes related to skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We found that the differentially expressed transcription factors were mainly involved in the immune response. Based on correlation analysis and the expression trends of transcription factors, 18 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified. Stat3, Myod1, Runx1, Atf3, Junb, Runx2, Myf6, Stat5a, Tead4, Klf5, Myog, Mef2a, and Hes6 were upregulated. Ppargc1a, Nr4a1, Lhx2, Ppara, and Rxrg were downregulated. Functional network mapping revealed that these transcription factors are mainly involved in inflammation, development, aging, proteolysis, differentiation, regeneration, autophagy, oxidative stress, atrophy, and ubiquitination. These findings may help understand the regulatory mechanisms of denervated muscle atrophy and provide potential targets for future therapeutic interventions for muscle atrophy following peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinghao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Yuntian Shen, ; Hua Liu, ; Jianwei Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zainul Z, Ma B, Koka M, Wilkerson JL, Ortiz YT, Kerosuo L, Chandran V. Novel roles of phentolamine in protecting axon myelination, muscle atrophy, and functional recovery following nerve injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3344. [PMID: 35228612 PMCID: PMC8885794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often results in devastating physical disabilities in human patients. Despite improved progress in surgical and non-surgical approaches, achieving complete functional recovery following PNI remains a challenge. This study demonstrates that phentolamine may hold a significant promise in treating nerve injuries and denervation induced muscle atrophy following PNI. In a sciatic nerve crush injury mouse model, we found that phentolamine treatment enhanced motor and functional recovery, protected axon myelination, and attenuated injury-induced muscle atrophy in mice at 14 days post-injury (dpi) compared to saline treatment. In the soleus of phentolamine treated animals, we observed the downregulation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (p-STAT3) as well as muscle atrophy-related genes Myogenin, muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1), and Forkhead box O proteins (FoxO1, FoxO3). Our results show that both nerve and muscle recovery are integral components of phentolamine treatment-induced global functional recovery in mice at 14 dpi. Moreover, phentolamine treatment improved locomotor functional recovery in the mice after spinal cord crush (SCC) injury. The fact that phentolamine is an FDA approved non-selective alpha-adrenergic blocker, clinically prescribed for oral anesthesia reversal, hypertension, and erectile dysfunction makes this drug a promising candidate for repurposing in restoring behavioral recovery following PNI and SCC injuries, axonal neuropathy, and muscle wasting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Zainul
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mert Koka
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jenny L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yuma T Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijayendran Chandran
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding G, Xiang X, Hu Y, Xiao G, Chen Y, Binari R, Comjean A, Li J, Rushworth E, Fu Z, Mohr SE, Perrimon N, Song W. Coordination of tumor growth and host wasting by tumor-derived Upd3. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109553. [PMID: 34407411 PMCID: PMC8410949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
yki-induced gut tumors in Drosophila are associated with host wasting, including muscle dysfunction, lipid loss, and hyperglycemia, a condition reminiscent of human cancer cachexia. We previously used this model to identify tumor-derived ligands that contribute to host wasting. To identify additional molecular networks involved in host-tumor interactions, we develop PathON, a web-based tool analyzing the major signaling pathways in Drosophila, and uncover the Upd3/Jak/Stat axis as an important modulator. We find that yki-gut tumors secrete Upd3 to promote self-overproliferation and enhance Jak/Stat signaling in host organs to cause wasting, including muscle dysfunction, lipid loss, and hyperglycemia. We further reveal that Upd3/Jak/Stat signaling in the host organs directly triggers the expression of ImpL2, an antagonistic binding protein for insulin-like peptides, to impair insulin signaling and energy balance. Altogether, our results demonstrate that yki-gut tumors produce a Jak/Stat pathway ligand, Upd3, that regulates both self-growth and host wasting. Ding et al. show that yki3SA-gut tumors produce Upd3 as a cachectic ligand to simultaneously promote self-growth and host organ wasting via systemic activation of Jak/Stat signaling in Drosophila. The Upd3/Jak/Stat axis induces host ImpL2 production and perturbs insulin response, leading to muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid loss, and carbohydrate elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gen Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Elisabeth Rushworth
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Zhenming Fu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Stephanie E Mohr
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim SW, Lee SH, Jung DW, Williams DR. Investigation of niclosamide as a repurposing agent for skeletal muscle atrophy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252135. [PMID: 34038481 PMCID: PMC8153455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a feature of aging (termed sarcopenia) and various diseases, such as cancer and kidney failure. Effective drug treatment options for muscle atrophy are lacking. The tapeworm medication, niclosamide is being assessed for repurposing to treat numerous diseases, including end-stage cancer metastasis and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of niclosamide as a repurposing drug for muscle atrophy. In a myotube atrophy model using the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, niclosamide did not prevent the reduction in myotube diameter or the decreased expression of phosphorylated FOXO3a, which upregulates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of muscle catabolism. Treatment of normal myotubes with niclosamide did not activate mTOR, a major regulator of muscle protein synthesis, and increased the expression of atrogin-1, which is induced in catabolic states. Niclosamide treatment also inhibited myogenesis in muscle precursor cells, enhanced the expression of myoblast markers Pax7 and Myf5, and downregulated the expression of differentiation markers MyoD, MyoG and Myh2. In an animal model of muscle atrophy, niclosamide did not improve muscle mass, grip strength or muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Muscle atrophy is also feature of cancer cachexia. IC50 analyses indicated that niclosamide was more cytotoxic for myoblasts than cancer cells. In addition, niclosamide did not suppress the induction of iNOS, a key mediator of atrophy, in an in vitro model of cancer cachexia and did not rescue myotube diameter. Overall, these results suggest that niclosamide may not be a suitable repurposing drug for glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy or cancer cachexia. Nevertheless, niclosamide may be employed as a compound to study mechanisms regulating myogenesis and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (D-WJ); (DRW)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matsukawa S, Kai S, Seo H, Suzuki K, Fukuda K. Activation of the β-adrenergic receptor exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced wasting of skeletal muscle cells by increasing interleukin-6 production. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251921. [PMID: 34003837 PMCID: PMC8130926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle mass has been shown to be affected by catecholamines, such as epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), and isoproterenol (ISO). On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the causative substances of sepsis, induces muscle wasting via toll-like receptors expressed in skeletal muscle. Although catecholamines are frequently administered to critically ill patients, it is still incompletely understood how these drugs affect skeletal muscle during critical illness, including sepsis. Herein, we examined the direct effects of catecholamines on LPS-induced skeletal muscle wasting using the C2C12 myoblast cell line. Muscle wasting induced by catecholamines and/or LPS was analyzed by the use of the differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and its underlying mechanism was explored by immunoblotting analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the TransAM kit for p-65 NF-κB. Epi augmented myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein loss and reduction of the myotube diameter induced by LPS. LPS induced C/EBPδ protein, Atrogin-1 and inteleukin-6 (IL-6), and these responses were potentiated by Epi. An IL-6 inhibitor, LMT28, suppressed the potentiating effect of Epi on the LPS-induced responses. NF-κB activity was induced by LPS, but was not affected by Epi and recombinant IL-6, and the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11–7082, abolished Atrogin-1 mRNA expression induced by LPS with or without Epi. NE and ISO also potentiated LPS-induced IL-6 and Atroign-1 mRNA expression. Carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suppressed the facilitating effects of Epi on the Atrogin-1 mRNA induction by LPS, and abolished the effects of Epi on the MHC protein loss in the presence of LPS. It was concluded that Epi activates the β-adrenergic receptors in C2C12 myotubes and the IL-6-STAT3 pathway, leading to the augmentation of LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB- C/EBPδ-Atrogin-1 pathway and to the exacerbation of myotube wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Matsukawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kai
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideya Seo
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukuda
- Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kapoor S, Subba P, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Sca1 + Progenitor Cells (Ex vivo) Exhibits Differential Proteomic Signatures From the Culture Adapted Sca1 + Cells (In vitro), Both Isolated From Murine Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1754-1767. [PMID: 33742350 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that is expressed in a sub-population of muscle stem and progenitor cell types. Reportedly, Sca-1 regulates the myogenic property of myoblasts and Sca-1-/- mice exhibited defective muscle regeneration. Although the role of Sca-1 in muscle development and maintenance is well-acknowledged, molecular composition of muscle derived Sca-1+ cells is not characterized. Here, we applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based workflow to characterize the proteomic landscape of mouse hindlimb skeletal muscle derived Sca-1+ cells. Furthermore, we characterized the impact of the cellular microenvironments on the proteomes of Sca-1+ cells. The proteome component of freshly isolated Sca-1+ cells (ex vivo) was compared with that of Sca-1+ cells expanded in cell culture (in vitro). The analysis revealed significant differences in the protein abundances in the two conditions reflective of their functional variations. The identified proteins were enriched in various biological pathways. Notably, we identified proteins related to myotube differentiation, myotube cell development and myoblast fusion. We also identified a panel of cell surface marker proteins that can be leveraged in future to enrich Sca-1+ cells using combinatorial strategies. Comparative analysis implicated the activation of various pathways leading to increased protein synthesis under in vitro condition. We report here the most comprehensive proteome map of Sca-1+ cells that provides insights into the molecular networks operative in Sca-1+ cells. Importantly, through our work we generated the proteomic blueprint of protein abundances significantly altered in Sca-1+ cells under ex vivo and in vitro conditions. The curated data can also be visualized at https://yenepoya.res.in/database/Sca-1-Proteomics .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Pratigya Subba
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Agha O, Mueller‐Immergluck A, Liu M, Zhang H, Theologis AA, Clark A, Kim HT, Liu X, Feeley BT, Bailey JF. Intervertebral disc herniation effects on multifidus muscle composition and resident stem cell populations. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1091. [PMID: 32613166 PMCID: PMC7323461 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraspinal muscles are crucial for vertebral stabilization and movement. These muscles are prone to develop fatty infiltration (FI), fibrosis, and atrophy in many spine conditions. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), a resident muscle stem cell population, are the main contributors of muscle fibrosis and FI. FAPs are involved in a complex interplay with satellite cells (SCs), the primary myogenic progenitor cells within muscle. Little is known about the stem cell composition of the multifidus. The aim of this study is to examine FAPs and SCs in the multifidus in disc herniation patients. Multifidus muscle samples were collected from 10 patients undergoing decompressive spine surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Hamstring muscle was collected from four patients undergoing hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction as an appendicular control. Multifidus tissue was analyzed for FI and fibrosis using Oil-Red-O and Masson's trichrome staining. FAPs and SCs were visualized using immunostaining and quantified with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting. Gene expression of these cells from the multifidus were analyzed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and compared to those from hamstring muscle. FI and fibrosis accounted for 14.2%± 7.4% and 14.8%±4.2% of multifidus muscle, respectively. The multifidus contained more FAPs (11.7%±1.9% vs 1.4%±0.2%; P<.001) and more SCs (3.4%±1.6% vs 0.08%±0.02%; P=.002) than the hamstring. FAPs had greater α Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA) and adipogenic gene expression than FAPs from the hamstring. SCs from the multifidus displayed upregulated expression of stem, proliferation, and differentiation genes. CONCLUSION The multifidus in patients with disc herniation contains large percentages of FAPs and SCs with different gene expression profiles compared to those in the hamstring. These results may help explain the tendency for the multifidus to atrophy and form FI and fibrosis as well as elucidate potential approaches for mitigating these degenerative changes by leveraging these muscle stem cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obiajulu Agha
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andreas Mueller‐Immergluck
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyBeijing Sport UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Alekos A. Theologis
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aaron Clark
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hubert T. Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySan Francisco Veterans Affair Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeannie F. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass on Oncological Outcomes During First-Line Sunitinib Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Target Oncol 2019; 13:745-755. [PMID: 30328067 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a state of degenerative skeletal muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic impact of changes in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) during first-line sunitinib therapy on oncological outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients were evaluated retrospectively. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated based on computed tomography images obtained before the initiation (pre-treatment SMI) and after two cycles of sunitinib treatment (post-treatment SMI). The change in SMM was evaluated based on the value of ΔSMI, which was calculated as [(posttreatment SMI - pretreatment SMI)/ pretreatment SMI] × 100. Oncological outcomes were compared between patients with ΔSMI <0 (SMM decrease) and ΔSMI ≥0 (SMM maintenance). RESULTS A decrease in SMM was observed in 38 patients (55.1%). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after sunitinib therapy initiation were significantly shorter in patients with ΔSMI <0 than in those with ΔSMI ≥0 (median PFS: 9.53 vs. 28.4 months, p < 0.0001; OS: 19.8 vs. 52.6 months, p = 0.0001). ΔSMI was an independent predictive factor for PFS (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.74-6.29, p = 0.0002) and OS (HR 4.53, 95% CI 2.15-10.5, p < 0.0001). The objective response rate was significantly lower in patients with ΔSMI <0 than in those with ΔSMI ≥0 (23.7% vs. 51.6%, p = 0.0164). CONCLUSION Decreased SMM during first-line sunitinib therapy can be an effective marker of outcome prediction for mRCC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Moresi V, Adamo S, Berghella L. The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:500. [PMID: 31114509 PMCID: PMC6502894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a key intracellular mediator of a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and cytokines, including the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. The JAK/STAT pathway transmits extracellular signals to the nucleus, leading to the transcription of genes involved in multiple biological activities. The JAK/STAT pathway has been reported to be required for the homeostasis of different tissues and organs. Indeed, when deregulated, it promotes the initiation and progression of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. In skeletal muscle, activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by the IL-6 cytokines accounts for opposite effects: on the one hand, it promotes muscle hypertrophy, by increasing the proliferation of satellite cells; on the other hand, it contributes to muscle wasting. The expression of IL-6 and of key members of the JAK/STAT pathway is regulated at the epigenetic level through histone methylation and histone acetylation mechanisms. Thus, manipulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by specific inhibitors and/or drugs that modulate epigenetics is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of numerous diseases. We focus this review on the JAK/STAT pathway functions in striated muscle pathophysiology and the potential role of IL-6 as an effector of the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elevation of IL-6 and IL-33 Levels in Serum Associated with Lung Fibrosis and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in a Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7947596. [PMID: 31049028 PMCID: PMC6458868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7947596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight loss due to skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with chronic pulmonary disease is negatively correlated with clinical outcome. Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by the dysregulated deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the destruction of normal tissue, resulting in end-stage organ failure. BLM-induced fibrosis is one of several different experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by inflammation and excessive ECM deposition. We directly induced mouse lung injury by the intratracheal administration of bleomycin and monitored the physiological and biochemical changes in lung and skeletal muscle tissues by using lung function testing, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Here, we found that BLM-induced lung fibrosis with thickened interstitial lung tissue, including fibronectin and collagen, was correlated with the increased serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-33 and accompanied by reduced lung function, including FRC (functional residual capacity), C chord (lung compliance), IC (inspiratory capacity), VC (vital capacity), TLC (total lung capacity), and FVC (forced vital capacity) (p < 0.05). The activity of AKT in lung tissue was suppressed, but conversely, the activity of STAT3 was enhanced during lung fibrosis in mice. In addition, we found that the amount of sST2, the soluble form of the IL-33 receptor, was dramatically decreased in lung fibrosis tissues. The skeletal muscle tissue isolated from lung injury mice increased the activation of STAT3 and AMPK, accompanied by an increased amount of Atrogin-1 protein in BLM-induced lung fibrosis mice. The mouse myoblast cell-based model showed that IL-6 and IL-33 specifically activated STAT3 and AMPK signaling, respectively, to induce the expression of the muscle-specific proteolysis markers MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. These data suggested that increased levels of IL-6 and IL-33 in the serum of mice with BLM-induced lung injury may cause lung fibrosis with thickened interstitial lung tissue accompanied by reduced lung function and muscle mass through the activation of STAT3 and AMPK signals.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown KM, Sharma S, Baker E, Hawkins W, van der Merwe M, Puppa MJ. Delta-6-desaturase (FADS2) inhibition and omega-3 fatty acids in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100622. [PMID: 30923750 PMCID: PMC6424014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential dietary components. They are not only used for energy, but also act as signaling molecules. The delta-6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme, encoded by the FADS2 gene, is one of two rate limiting enzymes that convert the PUFA precursors – α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic acid (n-6) to their respective metabolites. Alterations in the D6D enzyme activity alters fatty acid profiles and are associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 PUFAs, specifically its constituent fatty acids DHA and EPA, are known for their anti-inflammatory ability and are also beneficial in the prevention of skeletal muscle wasting, however the mechanism for muscle preservation is not well understood. Moreover, little is known of the effects of altering the n-6/n-3 ratio in the context of a high-fat diet, which is known to downregulate protein synthesis. Twenty C57BL6 male mice were fed a high-fat lard (HFL, 45% fat (mostly lard), 35% carbohydrate and 20% protein, n-6:n-3 PUFA, 13:1) diet for 6 weeks. Mice were then divided into 4 groups (n = 5 per group): HFL– , high-fat oil– (HFO, 45% fat (mostly Menhaden oil), 35% carbohydrate and 20% protein, n-6:n-3 PUFA, 1:3), HFL+ (HFL diet plus an orally administered FADS2 inhibitor, 100 mg/kg/day), and HFO+ (HFO diet plus an orally administered FADS2 inhibitor, 100 mg/kg/day). After 2 weeks on their respective diets and treatments, animals were sacrificed and gastrocnemius muscle harvested. Protein turnover signaling were analyzed via Western Blot. 4-EBP1 and ribosomal protein S6 expression were measured. A two-way ANOVA revealed no significant change in the phosphorylation of both 4EBP-1 and ribosomal protein S6 with diet or inhibitor. There was a significant reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation with the inhibition of FADS2 (p = 0.03). Additionally, we measured markers of protein degradation through levels of FOXO phosphorylation, ubiquitin, and LC3B expression; there was a trend towards increased phosphorylation of FOXO (p = 0.08) and ubiquitinated proteins (p = 0.05) with FADS2 inhibition. LC3B expression, a marker of autophagy, was significantly higher in the HFL plus FADS2 inhibition group from all other comparisons. Lastly, we analyzed activation of mitochondrial biogenesis which is closely linked with protein synthesis through PGC1-α and Cytochrome-C expression, however no significant differences were associated with either marker across all groups. Collectively, these data suggest that the protective effects of muscle mass by omega-3 fatty acids are from inhibition of protein degradation. Our aim was to determine the role of PUFA metabolites, DHA and EPA, in skeletal muscle protein turnover and assess the effects of n-3s independently. We observed that by inhibiting the FADS2 enzyme, the protective effect of n-3s on protein synthesis and proliferation was lost; concomitantly, protein degradation was increased with FADS2 inhibition regardless of diet. High fat omega-3 rich diets increase STAT3 signaling in a FADS2 dependent manner. Inhibition of FADS2 attenuates the protective effects of omega-3 rich diet. Inhibition of FADS2 increases protein degradation regardless of diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Brown
- University of Memphis, School of Health Studies, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sunita Sharma
- University of Memphis, School of Health Studies, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ella Baker
- University of Memphis, School of Health Studies, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William Hawkins
- University of Memphis, School of Health Studies, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Melissa J Puppa
- University of Memphis, School of Health Studies, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samant SA, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Cellular mechanisms promoting cachexia and how they are opposed by sirtuins 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:235-245. [PMID: 30407871 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many chronic diseases are associated with unintentional loss of body weight, which is termed "cachexia". Cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome associated with the underlying primary disease, and characterized by loss of skeletal muscle with or without loss of fat tissue. Patients with cachexia face dire symptoms like dyspnea, fatigue, edema, exercise intolerance, and low responsiveness to medical therapy, which worsen quality of life. Because cachexia is not a stand-alone disorder, treating primary disease - such as cancer - takes precedence for the physician, and it remains mostly a neglected illness. Existing clinical trials have demonstrated limited success mostly because of their monotherapeutic approach and late detection of the syndrome. To conquer cachexia, it is essential to identify as many molecular targets as possible using the latest technologies we have at our disposal. In this review, we have discussed different aspects of cachexia, which include various disease settings, active molecular pathways, and recent novel advances made in this field to understand consequences of this illness. We also discuss roles of the sirtuins, the NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases, microRNAs, certain dietary options, and epigenetic drugs as potential approaches, which can be used to tackle cachexia as early as possible in its course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana A Samant
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vinodkumar B Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma JF, Sanchez BJ, Hall DT, Tremblay AMK, Di Marco S, Gallouzi IE. STAT3 promotes IFNγ/TNFα-induced muscle wasting in an NF-κB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:622-637. [PMID: 28264935 PMCID: PMC5412921 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by involuntary muscle wasting that is triggered at the late stage of many cancers. While the multifactorial nature of this syndrome and the implication of cytokines such as IL‐6, IFNγ, and TNFα is well established, we still do not know how various effector pathways collaborate together to trigger muscle atrophy. Here, we show that IFNγ/TNFα promotes the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Y705 residue in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers by activating JAK kinases. Unexpectedly, this effect occurs both in vitro and in vivo independently of IL‐6, which is considered as one of the main triggers of STAT3‐mediated muscle wasting. pY‐STAT3 forms a complex with NF‐κB that is rapidly imported to the nucleus where it is recruited to the promoter of the iNos gene to activate the iNOS/NO pathway, a well‐known downstream effector of IFNγ/TNFα‐induced muscle loss. Together, these findings show that STAT3 and NF‐κB respond to the same upstream signal and cooperate to promote the expression of pro‐cachectic genes, the identification of which could provide effective targets to combat this deadly syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda J Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie K Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada .,Life Sciences Division, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The nuclear phosphatase SCP4 regulates FoxO transcription factors during muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2017; 92:336-348. [PMID: 28506762 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related inflammatory responses stimulate protein-energy wasting, a complication causing loss of muscle mass. Primarily, muscle wasting results from accelerated protein degradation via autophagic/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways, but mechanisms regulating these proteolysis pathways remain unclear. Since dephosphorylation of FoxOs regulates ubiquitin/proteasome protein metabolism, we tested whether a novel nuclear phosphatase, the small C-terminal domain phosphatase (SCP) 4, regulates FoxOs signaling and, in turn, muscle wasting. In cultured mouse myoblast cells, SCP4 overexpression stimulated proteolysis, while knockdown of SCP4 prevented the proteolysis stimulated by inflammatory cytokines. SCP4 overexpression led to nuclear accumulation of FoxO1/3a followed by increased expression of catabolic factors including myostatin, Atrogin-1, and MuRF-1, and induction of lysosomal-mediated proteolysis. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with proinflammatory cytokines stimulated SCP4 expression in an NF-κB-dependent manner. In skeletal muscle of mice with CKD, SCP4 expression was up-regulated. Similarly, in skeletal muscle of patients with CKD, SCP4 expression was significantly increased. Knockdown of SCP4 significantly suppressed FoxO1/3a-mediated expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 and prevented muscle wasting in mice with CKD. Thus, SCP4 is a novel regulator of FoxO transcription factors and promotes cellular proteolysis. Hence, targeting SCP4 may prevent muscle wasting in CKD and possibly other catabolic conditions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we will discuss the current understanding of bone pain and muscle weakness in cancer patients. We will describe the underlying physiology and mechanisms of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and cancer-induced muscle wasting (CIMW), as well as current methods of diagnosis and treatment. We will discuss future therapies and research directions to help patients with these problems. RECENT FINDINGS There are several pharmacologic therapies that are currently in preclinical and clinical testing that appear to be promising adjuncts to current CIBP and CIMW therapies. Such therapies include resiniferitoxin, which is a targeted inhibitor of noceciptive nerve fibers, and selective androgen receptor modulators, which show promise in increasing lean mass. CIBP and CIMW are significant causes of morbidity in affected patients. Current management is mostly palliative; however, targeted therapies are poised to revolutionize how these problems are treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Milgrom
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Neha L Lad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Laird BJA, Fallon M, Hjermstad MJ, Tuck S, Kaasa S, Klepstad P, McMillan DC. Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Cancer: Differential Association With Performance Status and Systemic Inflammatory Response. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2769-75. [PMID: 27354484 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality of life is a key component of cancer care; however, the factors that determine quality of life are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between quality of life parameters, performance status (PS), and the systemic inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS An international biobank of patients with advanced cancer was analyzed. Quality of life was assessed at a single time point by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). PS was assessed by using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) classification. Systemic inflammation was assessed by using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), which combines C-reactive protein and albumin. The relationship between quality of life parameters, ECOG PS, and the mGPS was examined. RESULTS Data were available for 2,520 patients, and the most common cancers were GI (585 patients [22.2%]) and pulmonary (443 patients [17.6%]). The median survival was 4.25 months (interquartile range, 1.36 to 12.9 months). Increasing mGPS (systemic inflammation) and deteriorating PS were associated with deterioration in quality-of-life parameters (P < .001). Increasing systemic inflammation was associated with deterioration in quality-of-life parameters independent of PS. CONCLUSION Systemic inflammation was associated with quality-of-life parameters independent of PS in patients with advanced cancer. Further investigation of these relationships in longitudinal studies and investigations of possible effects of attenuating systemic inflammation are now warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J A Laird
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Marie Fallon
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne J Hjermstad
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Tuck
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pål Klepstad
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Barry J.A. Laird, Marianne J. Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, and Pål Klepstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Pål Klepstad, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim; Marianne J. Hjermstad and Stein Kaasa, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Barry J.A. Laird, Marie Fallon, and Sharon Tuck, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Donald C. McMillan, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|