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Han L, Zhao T, Zhang R, Hao Y, Jiao M, Wu Q, Liu J, Zhou M. Burden of Nutritional Deficiencies in China: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193919. [PMID: 36235572 PMCID: PMC9570758 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of nutritional deficiencies in China remained stable. However, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) rate of nutritional deficiencies decreased from 1990 to 2019. Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 datasets. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence rate, and DALY trends of nutritional deficiencies. Measures were stratified by subtypes, regions, and age groups. In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rates of dietary iron deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition reached their highest levels. The main population groups with protein-energy malnutrition and dietary iron deficiency were adults over the age of 70 and children under the age of five. The latter group also had a greater burden of vitamin A deficiency. Zhejiang, Beijing, and Guangdong reported the highest age-standardized incidence rates of nutritional deficiencies, which mainly pertained to protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency. Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hainan had the highest age-standardized DALY rates of nutritional deficiencies, which mainly pertained to dietary iron deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.Z.)
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Changes in dietary patterns when females engage in a weight management programme and their ability to meet Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition’s fibre and sugar recommendations. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2189-2198. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate how dietary patterns (DP) change following engagement in a weight management programme. Using the DP identified, to study their relationship with weight loss achieved and ability to meet the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition’s 2015 fibre and sugar recommendations.Design:Secondary analysis of FFQ data, which collected dietary information at two time points: retrospectively before (T0) and presently during (T1) Slimming World’s programme, was analysed. Principal component analysis derived the DP present.Setting:Online FFQ, hosted by Slimming World (SW) in the UK.Participants:Female SW members (n 325; 17–68 years old).Results:At T0, two DP, ‘plant based’ and ‘processed meat and sugar added by the consumer’ were identified. At T1, three DP were identified, ‘high meat’, ‘high fat salt and sugar (HFSS) products’ and ‘nuts and oils’. Participants with a diet low in ‘HFSS products’ lost significantly more weight (P for trend = 0·001), were more likely to consume breakfast (P = 0·021) and consumed less free sugar compared with high ‘HFSS product’ consumers. Those initially presenting with a low ‘plant based’ diet score lost more weight at T1 (P for trend = 0·046). With engagement, mean fibre intake increased from 24·3 to 32·4 g/d (P < 0·001) and free sugar intake decreased from 12·6 to 8·7 % total dietary energy (P < 0·001).Conclusions:An individual’s DP before and with engagement in a weight management programme may indicate their weight loss success. Advising reduced HFSS product intake may aid initial weight loss. SW appears to promote dietary changes towards UK fibre and sugar recommendations.
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Beck KL, Conlon CA, Kruger R, Coad J. Dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency for young women living in industrialized countries: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6:3747-76. [PMID: 25244367 PMCID: PMC4179187 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries; and young women are particularly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency in young women living in industrialized countries. Dietary factors including ascorbic acid and an elusive factor in animal protein foods (meat; fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption; while phytic acid; soy protein; calcium and polyphenols inhibit iron absorption. However; the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). In cross-sectional studies; only meat intake has consistently (positively) been associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations. The enhancing effects of ascorbic acid and meat on iron absorption may be negated by the simultaneous consumption of foods and nutrients which are inhibitory. Recent cross-sectional studies have considered the combination and timing of foods consumed; with mixed results. Dietary interventions using a range of focused dietary measures to improve iron status appear to be more effective than dietary approaches that focus on single nutrients or foods. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
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