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Antipushina DN, Zaitsev AA, Shakhnovich PG, Chernov SA, Kurbanov SI, Kazantsev DN. Cardiac sarcoidosis: is early diagnosis possible? Case report. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2023. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose due to the asymptomatic course in 95% of cases, the inaccessibility and low information content of a heart biopsy, the absence of pathological disorders in routine examination methods or their non-specificity. At the same time, it is cardiac sarcoidosis, along with damage to the nervous system, that is the main cause of mortality in sarcoidosis. Early diagnosis is of decisive importance for preventing complications associated with heart involvement and choosing the right treatment tactics. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is a method that can help the doctor in assessing the prevalence of sarcoidosis and verifying latent localizations in patients with a morphologically confirmed disease. The article describes a case of the use of PET/CT for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. N. Antipushina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Tana C, Mantini C, Donatiello I, Mucci L, Tana M, Ricci F, Cipollone F, Giamberardino MA. Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1941. [PMID: 34062709 PMCID: PMC8124502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an unusual, but potentially harmful, manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis (SA), a chronic disease characterized by organ involvement from noncaseating and nonnecrotizing granulomas. Lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are usually the sites that are most frequently affected, but no organ is spared and CS can affect a variable portion of SA patients, up to 25% from post-mortem studies. The cardiovascular involvement is usually associated with a bad prognosis and is responsible for the major cause of death and complications, particularly in African American patients. Furthermore, the diagnosis is often complicated by the occurrence of non-specific clinical manifestations, which can mimic the effect of more common heart disorders, and imaging and biopsies are the most valid approach to avoid misdiagnosis. This narrative review summarizes the main clinical features of CS and imaging findings, particularly of CMR and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) that can give the best cost/benefit ratio in terms of the diagnostic approach. Imaging can be very useful in replacing the endomyocardial biopsy in selected cases, to avoid unnecessary, and potentially dangerous, invasive maneuvers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- COVID-19 Medicine Unit and Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Radiology, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Iginio Donatiello
- Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Salerno, 84121 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Luciano Mucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Fano, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Marco Tana
- 2nd Medicine Unit and Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Ultrasound, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Radiology, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- COVID-19 Medicine Unit and Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, and CAST, G D’Annunzio University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- COVID-19 Medicine Unit and Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.G.)
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Narula N, Iannuzzi M. Sarcoidosis: Pitfalls and Challenging Mimickers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:594275. [PMID: 33505980 PMCID: PMC7829200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, may mimic other conditions at presentation often resulting in delayed diagnosis. These conditions include infections, neoplasms, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and drug-induced diseases. This review highlights the most common sarcoidosis mimics that often lead to pitfalls in diagnosis and delay in appropriate treatment. Prior to invasive testing and initiating immunosuppressants (commonly corticosteroids), it is important to exclude sarcoid mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Narula
- Staten Island University Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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Roth D, Kadoglou N, Leeflang M, Spijker R, Herkner H, Trivella M. Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac MRI, FDG-PET, and myocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Progn Res 2020; 4:5. [PMID: 32399494 PMCID: PMC7204224 DOI: 10.1186/s41512-020-00073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CS constitutes a rare but potentially underdiagnosed and fatal disease. Its diagnosis remains difficult owing to the infrequent and indistinguishable symptoms and the lack of formal diagnostic criteria dependent upon the diagnostic techniques used. Early diagnosis and treatment, however, may help to counter its poor prognosis.We aim to characterize and compare the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac MRI, FDG-PET and myocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and to advance and compare methods for complex diagnostic test accuracy reviews and meta-analysis. METHODS Following a systematic review on DTA studies on the aforementioned topic, a four-part approach to meta-analysis will be used: (1) direct comparison of index tests with clinical reference standard, (2) indirect comparison of index tests with clinical reference standard, (3) addition of an alternative test to that indirect comparison (4) and Bayesian meta-analysis using results of part 3 as informative prior for comparisons analogous to part 1 and 2. DISCUSSION The most widely recognized diagnostic algorithm for cardiac sarcoidosis is considered out of date, as it precedes the introduction of imaging techniques in diagnostic pathways. These novel imaging techniques, like CMR and FDG-PET scan, have emerged as promising diagnostic tools which may fill the current diagnostic gap. Thus, a systematic review and evaluation of CS diagnosis are much needed. Such an attempt is anticipated to alter the current diagnostic guidelines for CS by shedding more light on the role of sophisticated imaging techniques on prompt CS therapy and follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42019047126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Roth
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX 3 7LD UK
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Kadoglou
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX 3 7LD UK
| | - Mariska Leeflang
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Spijker
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Herkner
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marialena Trivella
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX 3 7LD UK
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Chapelon-Abric C, Sene D, Saadoun D, Cluzel P, Vignaux O, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Piette JC, Cacoub P. Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognostic factors. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 110:456-465. [PMID: 28566197 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a severe localization, observed mostly in cardiology departments. Despite appropriate cardiological treatment, CS is a potentially life-threatening condition, and accounts for 13-85% of sarcoidosis-related deaths. AIMS This retrospective study aimed to give an overview of CS in a non-cardiac unit, to analyse the effect of first-line immunosuppressive treatment on outcome and survival and to evaluate factors associated with relapses. METHODS From 534 cases of sarcoidosis, we selected 59 patients with CS according to "2006 international criteria". We performed an in-depth analysis regarding symptoms, physical signs and cardiac investigation results. Patients were followed for a median period of 60 months. RESULTS The median age at cardiac signs was 42 years. Echocardiography abnormalities, isotopic defects and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings were observed in 81%, 84% and 92% of patients, respectively. First-line treatment included steroids alone in 24 patients and steroids plus immunosuppressive therapy in 35 patients. Forty-seven (80%) patients recovered; 12 stabilized or worsened. The recovery rate was 75% in the steroids alone group versus 83% in the steroids plus immunosuppressive therapy group. Five (9%) patients died during follow-up, with two deaths attributed to CS. The overall 1- and 5-year survival rates were 98% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our series of patients with CS who received steroids alone or combined with immunosuppressive therapy had a good prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 92%. The recovery rate was 85%, with no significant difference between patients treated with steroids alone or plus immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chapelon-Abric
- Département de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Damien Sene
- Département Médecine Interne, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Département de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Cluzel
- Service de Radiologie, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Patrice Cacoub
- UMR 7211, Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department, Département de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 75005 Paris, France
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Schouver ED, Moceri P, Doyen D, Tieulie N, Queyrel V, Baudouy D, Cerboni P, Gibelin P, Leroy S, Fuzibet JG, Ferrari E. Early detection of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:711-716. [PMID: 27836307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with high morbidity and sudden death. The absence of specific symptoms and lack of diagnostic gold standard technique is challenging. New imaging methods could improve the diagnosis of CS. The aim of our study was to assess the role of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and circumferential strain as estimated by 2D speckle-tracking imaging in patients with diagnosed sarcoidosis without cardiac involvement according to the current guidelines. We investigated the prevalence of LV strain impairment in this population and assessed its relationship with clinical outcomes, composite of mortality, heart failure, arrhythmia and/or secondarily development of CS and cardiac device implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a prospective case-control longitudinal study including 35 patients with diagnosed sarcoidosis and normal cardiac function as assessed by standard transthoracic echocardiography and 35 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. All patients underwent a comprehensive echocardiographic study. Mean age of patients was 47.9±14.8years old (22 women). Compared with controls, global LV longitudinal strain (LV GLS) was reduced in sarcoidosis patients: (-17.2±3.1 vs -21.3±1.5%, p<0.0001). Circumferential LV strain was preserved in patients compared to controls (-19.9±-4.3% vs -21.3±1.5%, p=0.12). Impaired LV GLS was significantly associated with clinical outcomes (HR 1.56; [1.16-2.11], p<0.01) on univariate analysis. CONCLUSION Speckle-tracking echocardiography revealed decreased longitudinal LV strain in sarcoidosis patients that was associated with outcomes. LV GLS may represent an early marker of myocardial involvement in sarcoidosis patients that needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Moceri
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France.
| | - Denis Doyen
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital L'Archet, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Tieulie
- Internal medicine Department, Hôpital L'Archet, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Viviane Queyrel
- Internal medicine Department, Hôpital L'Archet, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Baudouy
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Cerboni
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Gibelin
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- Respiratory medicine Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Emile Ferrari
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
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A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Arrhythmias in Cardiac Sarcoidosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2016; 18:16. [PMID: 26874704 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-016-0439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cardiac sarcoidosis is a protean disease, capable of causing nearly any cardiac abnormality. Electrical abnormalities including heart block and ventricular tachyarrhythmias are some of the most feared manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis. Despite increasing awareness, cardiac sarcoidosis remains underdiagnosed in clinical practice, and as a result, many patients do not receive potentially disease-altering immunosuppressant therapy. In this review, we discuss cardiac sarcoidosis and its management, focusing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to arrhythmias in cardiac sarcoidosis.
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem disorder without any defined etiology. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is detected in 2-7% of patients with sarcoidosis and more than 20% of the cases of sarcoidosis are clinically silent. Cardiac involvement in systemic sarcoidosis (SS) and isolated cardiac sarcoidosis (iCS) are associated with arrhythmia and severe heart failure (HF) and have a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of CS and prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy with or without other immunosuppressants is crucial. Electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, and Doppler echocardiography with speckle tracking imaging can serve as the initial steps to diagnosis of CS. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) are promising techniques for both diagnosis and follow-up of CS. This review discusses the main aspects of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Ipek
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirelli
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Selami Demirelli, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Emrah Ermis
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Inci
- Department of Cardiology, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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Ikeda U. Editorial: Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis - What is the role of endomyocardial biopsy? J Cardiol Cases 2015; 12:72-73. [PMID: 30524543 PMCID: PMC6262141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Jeudy J, Burke AP, White CS, Kramer GBG, Frazier AA. Cardiac Sarcoidosis: The Challenge of Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives. Radiographics 2015; 35:657-79. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2015140247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Houston BA, Mukherjee M. Cardiac sarcoidosis: clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and therapeutic approach. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2014; 8:31-7. [PMID: 25452702 PMCID: PMC4240214 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease pathologically characterized by the accumulation of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes into the sine qua non pathologic structure of the noncaseating granuloma. Cardiac involvement remains a key source of morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Definitive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, particularly early enough in the disease course to provide maximal therapeutic impact, has proven a particularly difficult challenge. However, major advancements in imaging techniques have been made in the last decade. Advancements in imaging modalities including echocardiography, nuclear spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all have improved our ability to diagnose cardiac sarcoidosis, and in many cases to provide a more accurate prognosis and thus targeted therapy. Likewise, therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis is beginning to advance past a “steroids-only” approach, as novel immunosuppressant agents provide effective steroid-sparing options. The following focused review will provide a brief discussion of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis followed by a discussion of up-to-date imaging modalities employed in its assessment and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Houston
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kul S, Uyarel H, Guvenc TS, Ozcelik HK, Yalcinsoy M, Asoglu E, Bulut I, Erdogan E, Ozseker ZF, Gungor S, Gunluoglu G, Gunaydin ZY. Circadian blood pressure pattern in sarcoidosis patients. Blood Press 2014; 24:23-9. [PMID: 25204332 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2014.952927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is frequent in sarcoidosis and considered a result of small fiber neuropathy. A non-dipper blood pressure (BP) pattern, which is also linked to AD, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the non-dipping BP pattern in normotensive patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS). METHODS Sixty-three normotensive patients with PS (group 1) and 49 healthy subjects (group 2) were prospectively enrolled. Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in all participants over a 24-h period. RESULTS The non-dipping BP pattern was significantly more frequent in patients with PS compared with the control group (80% vs 53%, respectively, p = 0.002). More advanced PS (grade 2) was an independent predictor of non-dipper BP pattern (odds ratio = 10.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-95.4, p = 0.03). Masked hypertension and body mass index were also found to be other predictors of non-dipping BP pattern. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that non-dipping BP pattern is frequently observed in normotensive patients with PS. The probable mechanism underlying the non-dipping BP in PS is autonomic nervous system dysfunction. PS represents an independent risk factor for non-dipping BP and these patients have increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Kul
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that has the potential to affect multiple organs, including the skin. Its cutaneous manifestations are varied and can provide clues to underlying systemic manifestations. Unfortunately, they also can be disfiguring. Therapy is usually directed at the organ system most severely affected, which often may help cutaneous disease. However, cutaneous disease may be recalcitrant to treatment directed at extracutaneous disease, or it may be severe enough to require targeted therapy. This article focuses on the dermatologist's role in recognizing and diagnosing cutaneous sarcoidosis, evaluating patients for systemic disease involvement, and treating the skin manifestations of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn A Wanat
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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