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Choi JH, Thung SN. Recent Advances in Pathology of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1537. [PMID: 38672619 PMCID: PMC11048541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by biliary differentiation within the liver. ICCA is molecularly heterogeneous and exhibits a broad spectrum of histopathological features. It is a highly aggressive carcinoma with high mortality and poor survival rates. ICCAs are classified into two main subtypes: the small-duct type and large-duct types. These two tumor types have different cell origins and clinicopathological features. ICCAs are characterized by numerous molecular alterations, including mutations in KRAS, TP53, IDH1/2, ARID1A, BAP1, BRAF, SAMD4, and EGFR, and FGFR2 fusion. Two main molecular subtypes-inflammation and proliferation-have been proposed. Recent advances in high-throughput assays using next-generation sequencing have improved our understanding of ICCA pathogenesis and molecular genetics. The diagnosis of ICCA poses a significant challenge for pathologists because of its varied morphologies and phenotypes. Accurate diagnosis of ICCA is essential for effective patient management and prognostic determination. This article provides an updated overview of ICCA pathology, focusing particularly on molecular features, histological subtypes, and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Swan N. Thung
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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2
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Zhao L, Zhou Y, Ding J, Qin Z, Zhou H, Jing X. Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma: case report and systematic review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1229936. [PMID: 38239651 PMCID: PMC10795173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1229936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, and only a few dozen cases have been reported to date. It can barely be diagnosed before histopathological examination, which necessitates the exclusion of metastatic tumors. In this case, we present a 60-year-old female patient with no comorbidity. As laboratory tests and imaging examinations were not diagnostic, ultrasonography (US)-guided liver biopsy was performed and eventually revealed a definitive pathological diagnosis of hepatic SCC. After excluding metastasis, the diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC was established, and then chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed. Additionally, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on primary hepatic SCC using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and a total of 53 articles were retrieved with a time range from 1972 to 2022. A critical analysis was then performed to evaluate previous literature focusing on the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyi Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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3
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Bellefkih FZ, Benchakroun N, Lalya I, Amaoui B, El Kacemi H, Acharki A, El Hfid M, El Mazghi A, Chekrine T, Bouchbika Z, Jouhadi H, Sahraoui S, Tawfiq N, Michalet M. Radiotherapy in the management of rare gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:622-637. [PMID: 37500390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis is to assess radiotherapy's role and technical aspects in an array of rare gastrointestinal (GI) cancers for adult patients. Collection data pertaining to radiotherapy and digestive rare cancers were sourced from Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved outcomes for patients with esophageal undifferentiated carcinoma compared with esophageal salivary gland types of carcinomas. For rare gastric epithelial carcinoma, perioperative chemotherapy is the common treatment. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy showed no benefice compared with adjuvant chemotherapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma. Small bowel sarcomas respond well to radiotherapy. By analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma, exclusive chemoradiotherapy provided better outcomes for patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma. For anal adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical surgery, was the most effective regimen. For pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, chemoradiotherapy can be a suitable option as postoperative or exclusive for unresectable/borderline disease. The stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a promising approach for hepatobiliary malignancy. Radiotherapy is a valuable option in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) for palliative intent, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistant disease, and unresectable or residual disease. Involved field (IF) radiotherapy for digestive lymphoma provides good results, especially for gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT). In conclusion, radiotherapy is not an uncommon indication in this context. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for better management of digestive rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Bellefkih
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - N Benchakroun
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - I Lalya
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Amaoui
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H El Kacemi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Acharki
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Hfid
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A El Mazghi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - T Chekrine
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Bouchbika
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Jouhadi
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Sahraoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - N Tawfiq
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Michalet
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut du cancer de Montpellier, Fédération d'oncologie-radiothérapie d'Occitanie Méditerranée (Forom), Montpellier, France
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4
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Song Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Qiao M, Sun Z, Tian S. Diagnostic value of imaging modalities in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:887-897. [PMID: 36930683 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (PSCCL) is rare. PSCCL's lack of specific clinical manifestations and laboratory tests necessitate preoperative diagnosis via imaging examination. Conventional ultrasound (US) demonstrates a mass with mixed echogenicity, and contrast-enhanced US shows a circular pattern of "fast forward, fast backward or slow backward, high enhancement." Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed enhancement in the center or edge of the lesion, and the density of the enhanced lesion was lower than that of the liver tissue in the same layer. Positron emission tomography-CT demonstrates an inhomogeneous low-density mass with increased 18F-FDG metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging shows low signal intensity on T1-weighed images (T1WI) and high signal on T2-weighed images (T2WI). By summarizing the imaging characteristics of PSCCL, this review aims to improve clinicians' understanding of PSCCL and its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhixia Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ninh KV, Do DH, Hoang T, Tran PH, Nguyen LS, Nguyen NQ. Survival After Resection for Epidermoid Cyst-originated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:182-186. [PMID: 36647418 PMCID: PMC9840083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermoid cyst is a rare type of congenital hepatic cyst. Reports on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver are very limited and mostly have poor outcomes. We present a 45-year-old woman who came to our hospital due to obstructive jaundice caused by an epidermoid cyst-originated SCC. She underwent radical resection and lived for two years without signs of recurrence. The presentation, treatment, pathological results, as well as literature review, are provided below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai V. Ninh
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dang H. Do
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Hoang
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong H. Tran
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lanh S. Nguyen
- Anatomic Pathology, Cytological Pathology and Forensic Medicine Department, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghia Q. Nguyen
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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6
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Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver with Good Response to Carboplatin and 5-Flurouracil: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121864. [PMID: 36557066 PMCID: PMC9787845 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose until the pathology is confirmed. The age of the patients generally ranges from 18 to 83 years. The pathogenesis of primary SCC of the liver remains unclear and therapeutic guidelines have not yet been established. The overall survival rate may be less than 1 year. The prognosis for patients without surgery is worse than that for patients who undergo surgery. Herein, we report a case of primary SCC of the liver that responded well to intravenous carboplatin and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) with the aim of providing an alternative therapeutic option. A 61-year-old woman with no history of alcohol use disorder, cirrhosis, exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals, or a remarkable family history presented to our hospital with a complaint of epigastric pain, poor appetite, and fatigue, which had occurred 3 days before presentation. Blood tests revealed levels of alpha-fetoprotein of <2.0 ng/mL, carcinoembryonic antigen of 4.39 ng/mL, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 of 1306.15 U/mL, CA 125 of 66.3 U/mL, CA 153 of 19.7 U/mL, and SCC antigen of 8.5 ng/mL. Computed tomography scans of the abdomen showed a 5.8-cm lobulated soft-tissue mass with central necrosis in segment 6 of the liver, which caused compression of the common hepatic duct. Pathological examination of the masses revealed squamous cell carcinoma with focal glandular differentiation. The patient underwent palliative chemotherapy with intravenous carboplatin 150 mg (day 1) and 5-FU 1000 mg (days 1−4) instead of surgery. After two cycles of chemotherapy, jaundice and liver function improved. The patient was discharged in stable condition and was followed up in our outpatient department. Although the patient refused to undergo surgery, no tumor recurrence or distant metastasis was found during the 8-month follow-up period. This report highlights that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and 5-FU can be considered for primary SCC of the liver before a liver resection.
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Okuda Y, Abe T, Ikeda M, Kurihara K, Shimizu A, Oshita A, Yonehara S, Hanada K. Curative surgery for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: a rare case study. Clin J Gastroenterol 2022; 16:263-269. [PMID: 36481843 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is an extremely rare disease with a very poor prognosis. An 83-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with left abdominal pain. Laboratory data showed mildly elevated C-reactive protein and biliary enzymes. The tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were within normal ranges. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 60 mm-sized low-density mass with poor contrast enhancement located in the lateral segment of the liver. The tumor showed low signal on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high signal on T2-weighted MRI. The cytology of bile juice showed no malignant findings. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed, which was suggestive of primary hepatic SCC. Tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) and SCC-related antigen were elevated, at 25.2 ng/mL and 14.7 ng/mL, respectively. Left lobectomy and hilar lymph node dissection were performed. One month after surgery, the tumor marker values showed a marked decrease of 1.8 ng/mL for CYFRA and 0.3 ng/dL for SCC-related antigen. The patient has been without recurrence for more than one and half year postoperatively. SCC-related antigen and CYFRA were markedly decreased after tumor resection in this case, which may suggest their utility as tumor markers for SCC of liver origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Department of Surgery, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan.
| | - Morito Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kurihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Akihiko Oshita
- Department of Surgery, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Shuji Yonehara
- Department of Pathology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Keiji Hanada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23 Hirahara, Onomichi City, Hiroshima, 722-8508, Japan
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Kang LM, Yu DP, Zheng Y, Zhou YH. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6744-6749. [PMID: 35979286 PMCID: PMC9294884 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is rare, and is more commonly found in the skin, rectum, cervical or inguinal lymph nodes.
CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man had been experiencing right upper quadrant discomfort for some weeks. He had a 50-year history of smoking and drinking. On average, he smoked 20 cigarettes and consumed 200 galcoholdaily. He didn’t have a history of hepatitis or surgery. Fever, vomiting, jaundice, dysuria, chills, and abdominal distention were not observed at the time of admission. Tenderness in the right upper quadrant was found on physical examination, but there was no palpable abdominal mass. No obvious abnormalities in laboratory tests and tumor markers were found. The plasma retention rate of indocyanine green (ICG) at 15 min was 1.35%. Subsequent abdominal ultrasonography showed a mixed echoic mass approximately 3.8 cm diameter in the left caudate lobe of the liver. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a 3.0 cm × 3.5 cm irregular mass with inhomogeneous density and moderate delayed enhancement in the left caudate lobe of the liver. Laparoscopic left caudate lobectomy was performed to remove the liver mass. Intra-operative findings confirmed a non-cirrhotic liver, with a 3 cm × 3.5 cm white tumor mass in the left caudate lobe with no tumor rupture and no hemoperitoneum. The resection margin was 1.0 cm in width.
CONCLUSION We describe the first case of SCC in the left caudate lobe of the liver, which was successfully treated by surgical resection and postoperative immunotherapy. No tumor recurrence was observed during the 8-mo follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Di-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
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Hughes DL, Tsakok M, Patel N, Rendek A, Bungay H, Silva MA. Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cysts: Not as Rare as Previously Believed. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 31:260-267. [PMID: 35466729 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221095263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFCs) are uncommon cystic lesions within the liver. CHFCs can undergo a malignant transformation to form a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. The true incidence and natural history of CHFCs is unknown and the risk of malignant transformation is unclear. We present a single centre's experience of CFHC management. Methods. A retrospective review of a departmental database identified all patients with CHFCs over a 4 year time period. Patients with CHFCs confirmed on histological assessment or suspected on radiological imaging were included in this study. Clinical information regarding patient demographics, symptomatic presentation, surgical management and histopathological features were noted. The radiological characteristics of CHFCs were recorded and the malignant transformation rate was calculated. Results. 15 patients with CHFC were identified (7 histologically confirmed and 8 radiologically suspected cases). All patients were asymptomatic and the CHFCs were incidental findings. No CHFC developed an interval change in cyst features or underwent a malignant transformation during follow up. MRI serves as the most sensitive modality to diagnose CHFC. Conclusions. CHFCs may be more prevalent than previously reported. Definitive management should encompass a patient centred discussion regarding the merits of long term follow up with serial imaging versus resection on an individual basis once CHFC is diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ll Hughes
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Tsakok
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of General Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Aniko Rendek
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Bungay
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael A Silva
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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10
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Lee BT, Ganjoo N, Fiel MI, Hechtman JF, Sarkar SA, Kim-Schluger L, Florman SS, Schiano TD. Recurrent Liver Allograft Injury in Patients With Donor-Derived Malignancy Treated With Immunosuppression Cessation and Retransplantation. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:199-205. [PMID: 35285881 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Donor-derived malignancy of the liver allograft is a rare but serious condition in the setting of necessary immunosuppression. Retransplantation after abrupt immunosuppression cessation has been performed with durable cancer-free survival. METHODS We present 2 cases of patients with donor-derived malignancy who were treated with complete immunosuppression cessation, which induced rapidly progressive liver allograft rejection and failure, with a need for subsequent retransplantation. We reviewed all serial liver biopsies and explants from both patients and performed C4d immunostaining. RESULTS Initial explants of both patients showed severe allograft rejection, with unusual features of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and C4d positivity. Malignant tumors in the explants were necrotic, related to rejection of donor-derived cancer cells and tissue. Follow-up of both patients has shown long-term cancer-free survival but issues with recurrent allograft failure requiring a third transplant. The reasons for retransplantation in both cases were related to allograft failure from antibody-mediated rejection. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of a potentially increased risk of rejection and recurrent allograft failure when strategizing treatment of donor-derived malignancy with immunosuppression cessation and retransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Transplantation Institute, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Ganjoo
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Suparna A Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leona Kim-Schluger
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Wang K, Lu CD, Sun JN, Wang CN, Gao G, Hu YK, Zhang HZ, Zhang D, Wu SD. Primary Hepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma With High Microsatellite Instability Shows Good Response to Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitor as Adjuvant Therapy. Hepatology 2021; 74:1695-1697. [PMID: 33544903 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Cai De Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Nan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chun Nian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical and Pathological diagnosis center, Ningbo, China
| | - Guo Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Ke Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical and Pathological diagnosis center, Ningbo, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Hepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2021; 2021:9939898. [PMID: 34327029 PMCID: PMC8277514 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9939898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy with aggressive clinical features. This is the first case report of a primary hepatic SCC diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), which is a reliable and safe procedure for the histopathological diagnosis of liver lesions, even if the percutaneous approach is difficult due to ascites or hypervascularity at the puncture site. A 52-year-old man presented to the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and abdominal distention. Given the laboratory data, a diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was made. Concurrently, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an 8 cm hypodense mass with delayed peripheral enhancement in the left hepatic lobe and paraaortic and perihepatic lymphadenopathy. As persistent ascites precluded percutaneous liver biopsy, we performed EUS-FNA of the liver mass, and the obtained specimen showed SCC. As otorhinolaryngological consultation and whole-body investigations, including chest CT, upper and lower endoscopy, and positron emission tomography CT, were all unremarkable except for the liver lesion and lymph nodes, a diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC with systemic lymph node metastasis was made. After treatment of SBP with antibiotics, we initiated chemotherapy concurrent with radiation therapy, adapted to his liver function. Radiation and three cycles of chemotherapy were not effective as the disease progressed, as seen on the follow-up CT scan, and the patient died of hepatic failure on the 134th day after diagnosis. In conclusion, EUS-FNA was a reliable method for tissue sampling in liver malignancies, particularly in selected patients with contraindications for percutaneous biopsy.
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Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver is extremely rare, very difficult to diagnose, and carries an extremely poor prognosis. In this study, we discuss the imaging features of a patient with primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was admitted to hospital owing to discomfort in the right upper abdominal quadrant and a loss of appetite. He had no previous risk factors associated with hepatic squamous cell carcinoma and no history of systemic squamous cell carcinoma. We diagnosed primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma by pathological analysis. Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma is rare, and its histological features are controversial, which makes the clinical and imaging diagnosis difficult. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the understanding of this disease in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis, and to identify the best treatment. This case provides a basis for the clinical diagnosis of primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guangyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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Wang L, Ma X, Chen D, Ren J, Cheng H, Huang G, Wang R, Cheng J. Primary congenital choledochal cyst with squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520946871. [PMID: 32962499 PMCID: PMC7518012 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520946871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma are mostly adenocarcinomas and extrahepatic bile duct squamous cell carcinomas are rare. We report here a case of choledochal squamous cell carcinoma in a young woman who underwent surgery and chemotherapy. The woman presented with abdominal discomfort. A physical examination showed tenderness in the upper abdomen. Laboratory tests showed elevated direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and C-reactive protein levels. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic-solid mixed soft tissue mass in the common bile duct. Pain symptoms in the patient were not relieved and surgical treatment was performed. Postoperative pathological results showed a choledochal cyst complicated by squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by biliary intestinal anastomosis followed by chemotherapy. However, the patient developed liver metastasis and recurrence at a 6-month follow-up. Primary congenital bile duct cysts with squamous cell carcinoma are extremely rare. Surgical resection is the main treatment option for choledochal squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy can be used, but the efficacy is poor and chemotherapy does not significantly prolong the patient’s survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ren
- GE Healthcare China, Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Cheng
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Xiao J, Ma L, Li J, Yin B, Liang J, Wang J. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver is Rare but Hostile: Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:829-837. [PMID: 33542657 PMCID: PMC7853432 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is an uncommon cancer type. Only dozens of such cases have been reported in the literature. We reviewed three cases with primary SCC of the liver in a single center from January 2013 to October 2019. One case was positive for hepatitis B infection and simultaneously diagnosed with sigmoid adenocarcinoma and liver cyst. The second patient presented with hepatolithiasis. The remaining one had no history of prior liver insult, hepatic infection or any pre-existing hepatic cysts. Two cases had a long survival of more than one year through chemotherapy, or radical surgery plus transarterial chemoembolization. We also found 25 patients with primary hepatic SCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1997 to 2016. The median age was 67 years (range 33-87 years). The median overall survival and disease-specific survival were 7.7 months (range 0.0-76.0 months) and 2.0 months (range 0.0-20.0 months), respectively. Furthermore, patients receiving surgery had a longer median OS (20.0 versus 6.0 months, P = 0.016) and DSS (48.0 versus 8.0 months, P = 0.03) than those receiving palliative treatment. Only 20% of all cases survived for more than a year. Although primary SCC of the liver has an unfavorable prognosis, radical surgery and systematic treatment might be helpful for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjuan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Pan Y, Zhou Z. An Unusual Cause of Fever in a Man With a Liver Mass. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:842-844. [PMID: 32311363 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Zhou
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Tuminello F, Castiglione D, Broggi G, Vecchio GM, Basile A, Puleo S, Pesce A. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: an unexpected pathological finding. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver is a very rare cancer requiring a complete diagnostic investigation, as it presents some differences from other primary hepatic malignancies. We describe the case of an elderly patient with primitive squamous cell carcinoma of the liver treated by percutaneous microwave ablation and transarterial chemoembolization.
Case presentation
Although the pathogenesis remains uncertain, a possible transformation of the biliary epithelium caused by chronic inflammation or metaplasia and subsequent malignant transformation of preexisting benign hepatic cysts has been suggested. A critical review of the existing literature was performed by focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and the suggested therapeutic strategies.
Conclusion
A multidisciplinary approach is needed to face rare hepatic malignancies where there are no clear guidelines.
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Reith TP, Nair V, McKenna EJ, Singavi A. Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Gallbladder Fossa Complicated by a Duodenal Fistula. Cureus 2019; 11:e6522. [PMID: 32025441 PMCID: PMC6991141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary is defined as a metastatic disease present in the absence of an identifiable primary site of origin. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of unknown primary is a relatively uncommon subtype that usually involves metastases to the cervical or inguinal lymph nodes. We present a rare case of SCC of unknown primary metastasizing to the gallbladder fossa and creating a duodenal fistula. This case highlights the rarity of SCCs in the gallbladder region and the risks posed by chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Reith
- Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Vaisak Nair
- Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Edward J McKenna
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Arun Singavi
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Matsuda K, Yamada J, Kogame S, Murata R, Sano Y. Primary intrahepatic squamous cell carcinoma in a sika deer. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:135-138. [PMID: 31827011 PMCID: PMC7041991 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A white nodule was detected in the liver of a wild female sika deer. The nodule was histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and it transitioned into a hyperplastic and chronically inflamed intrahepatic bile duct showing Fasciola infection. Therefore, the tumor was demonstrated to have originated from the biliary epithelium of the intrahepatic bile duct. Hyperplastic and chronic inflammatory changes of the biliary epithelium might have contributed the carcinogenesis of the present case, as proposed in human primary intrahepatic SCC cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary intrahepatic SCC in an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Junji Yamada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Kogame
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Murata
- Department of Veterinary Bacteriology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sano
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma with abdominal incision metastasis after hepatectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:194-198. [PMID: 30554831 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tamaoka K, Tanemura M, Furukawa K, Mikamori M, Saito T, Ohtsuka M, Suzuki Y, Tei M, Kishi K, Yasuoka H, Tsujimoto M, Akamatsu H. Primary Intrahepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Histological Collision of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1184-1191. [PMID: 30287803 PMCID: PMC6187985 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.910676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 82 Final Diagnosis: Intrahepatic squamous cell carcinoma Symptoms: None Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tamaoka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Mikamori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Tei
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironao Yasuoka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akamatsu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
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Liu Q, Wang J, Sun C, Xu J. The diagnosis and management of rare cystic liver metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11257. [PMID: 29952994 PMCID: PMC6039608 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONAL Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with cystic liver metastases is so rarely observed that there are only three cases reported in the published literature. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a case of NPC that received complete response after chemotherapy and definitive radiotherapy, but a liver cystic lesion was revealed on abdominal sonogram three months after the initial therapy. The cystic liver lesion initially resembled a simple liver cyst with fast growth, and then evolved into an abscess-like mass after a short term. Though abscess drainage was performed, and the mass shrank significantly, but it returned to previous size two months later. DIAGNOSES Surgical resection was administrated both for diagnosis and treatment, and eventually the lesion was histologically demonstrated to be a liver metastasis. Eight months after the partial hepatectomy, cystic liver metastases recurred on computed tomography (CT) scan. INTERVENTIONS Though palliative systematic chemotherapy including paclitaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine, navobine and anti-epidemal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) molecular-targeted therapy were performed, the cystic metastases still gradually progressed. Then Transcatheter Hepatic Artery Chemoembolization (TACE) was administrated for five times, and all the lesions were obviously decreased in size. OUTCOMES After TACE treatment, the liver metastases maintained stable for six months, but lung metastases were noted. Finally, the patient died of liver failure. LESSONS The rare cystic appearance may be a special form which exists for liver metastases of NPC, indicating poor prognosis. Oncologists need to enhance the recognition and diagnosis level of this type of metastases. Intense follow-up and early diagnosis are important. While emphasizing the importance of local therapy and personal principles for liver metastases, TACE may be a preferred method for unresectable cystic liver metastases from NPC.
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