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Zhou Y, Wu Z, Wang H, Zhang K, Chen H, Zhu S, Sitrakiniaina A, Wu Y, Yang S, Sun X, Li W, Lin X, Jin J. Evaluation of the prognosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer treated by chemotherapy using tumor shrinkage rate-based radiomics. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:401. [PMID: 39095855 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. However, the prognostic value of the tumor shrinkage rate (TSR) after chemotherapy for SCLC is still unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 235 patients with SCLC. The TSR cutoff was determined based on receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The associations of TSR with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Survival curves were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Recurrence patterns after first-line treatment were summarized in a pie chart. A nomogram was constructed to validate the predictive role of the TSR in SCLC. RESULTS The TSR cutoff was identified to be - 6.6%. Median PFS and OS were longer in the group with a TSR < -6.6% than in the group with a TSR ≥ - 6.6%. PFS and OS were also longer in patients with extensive SCLC when the TSR was < - 6.6% than when it was > - 6.6%. Brain metastasis-free survival was better in the group with a TSR < - 6.6%. There was a significant positive correlation between TSR and PFS. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that the TSR, patient age, and previous radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS while TSR and M stage were independent prognostic factors for PFS. CONCLUSIONS The TSR may prove to be a good indicator of OS and PFS in patients receiving chemotherapy-based first-line treatment for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhonghan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of the First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haowen Wang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andriamifahimanjaka Sitrakiniaina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- School of the First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Xiong K, Yang Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Duo H, Yuan X, Xiao Y, Xiao H, Yang X. Tumor marker-based RecistTM is superior to RECIST as criteria to predict the long-term benefits of targeted therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with driver gene mutations. Neoplasia 2024; 53:101006. [PMID: 38761505 PMCID: PMC11127532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard first-line treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver gene mutations. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are limited in predicting long-term patient benefits. A tumour marker-based evaluation criteria, RecistTM, was used to investigate the potential for assessing targeted-therapy efficacy in lung cancer treatment. METHODS We retrospectively analysed patients with stage IIIA-IV NSCLC and driver gene mutations, whose baseline tumour marker levels exceeded the pre-treatment cut-off value three-fold and who received TKI-targeted therapy as a first-line treatment. We compared efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) between RecistTM and RECIST. FINDINGS The median PFS and OS differed significantly among treatment-response subgroups based on RecistTM but not RECIST. The predicted 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-progression risk, according to area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, as well as the 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality risk, differed significantly between RecistTM and RECIST. The median PFS and OS of tmCR according to RecistTM, was significantly longer than (CR+PR) according to RECIST. Imaging analysis revealed that the ΔPFS was 11.27 and 6.17 months in the intervention and non-intervention groups, respectively, suggesting that earlier intervention could extend patients' PFS. INTERPRETATION RecistTM can assess targeted-therapy efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC and driver gene mutations, along with tumour marker abnormalities. RecistTM surpasses RECIST in predicting short- and long-term patient benefits, and allows the early identification of patients resistant to targeted drugs, enabling prompt intervention and extending the imaging-demonstrated time to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hong Duo
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xinya Yuan
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Nassar YM, Ojara FW, Pérez-Pitarch A, Geiger K, Huisinga W, Hartung N, Michelet R, Holdenrieder S, Joerger M, Kloft C. C-Reactive Protein as an Early Predictor of Efficacy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Tumor Dynamics-Biomarker Modeling Framework. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5429. [PMID: 38001689 PMCID: PMC10670607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, longitudinal biomarkers reflecting the patient's status and disease evolution can offer reliable predictions of the patient's response to treatment and prognosis. By leveraging clinical data in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy, we aimed to develop a framework combining anticancer drug exposure, tumor dynamics (RECIST criteria), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, using nonlinear mixed-effects models, to evaluate and quantify by means of parametric time-to-event models the significance of early longitudinal predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor dynamics was characterized by a tumor size (TS) model accounting for anticancer drug exposure and development of drug resistance. CRP concentrations over time were characterized by a turnover model. An x-fold change in TS from baseline linearly affected CRP production. CRP concentration at treatment cycle 3 (day 42) and the difference between CRP concentration at treatment cycles 3 and 2 were the strongest predictors of PFS and OS. Measuring longitudinal CRP allows for the monitoring of inflammatory levels and, along with its reduction across treatment cycles, presents a promising prognostic marker. This framework could be applied to other treatment modalities such as immunotherapies or targeted therapies allowing the timely identification of patients at risk of early progression and/or short survival to spare them unnecessary toxicities and provide alternative treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M. Nassar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany; (Y.M.N.)
- Graduate Research Training Program PharMetrX, Berlin/Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francis Williams Ojara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany; (Y.M.N.)
- Graduate Research Training Program PharMetrX, Berlin/Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pitarch
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Kimberly Geiger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (W.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Niklas Hartung
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (W.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Robin Michelet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany; (Y.M.N.)
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169 Berlin, Germany; (Y.M.N.)
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Kelleher T, Cai J, Botwood NA, Labriola DF. Characterizing tumor shrinkage as a measure of clinical benefit for immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001177. [PMID: 33558277 PMCID: PMC7871697 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored whether the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be characterized by incorporating a composite of duration of response (DOR) to complement traditional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria for objective response rate (ORR) in an intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Furthermore, the correlation of this novel endpoint, characterized by the restricted mean time in response (RMTR), with overall survival (OS) will be examined. METHODS We analyzed ORR alone or in combination with DOR (RMTR) in available phase I, II, and III trials evaluating nivolumab monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab across solid tumor types. ORR was evaluated per RECIST V.1.1. DOR was estimated using individual patient data in ITT populations regardless of RECIST response, with non-responders imputed as zero. Associations between ORR alone or RMTR and OS were evaluated in the ITT population. DOR curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method, and 6-month RMTR, a measure of response durability, was derived from the area under the curves. For ORR and RMTR in the ITT population, the strength of association with OS was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients (r). RESULTS Nivolumab treatment was associated with longer response durations than active control in responder and ITT populations. Similarly, ORR and RMTR were both significantly correlated with OS (ORR vs OS: r=0.684, p=0.02; RMTR vs OS: r=0.695, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS Combining ORR and DOR (RMTR) to objectively characterize tumor shrinkage in an ITT patient population is a novel approach that appears to correlate well with OS in patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab. This endpoint may provide a more complete characterization of tumor shrinkage to incorporate into the design of future ICI clinical trials. However, confirmation of this approach will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junliang Cai
- Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Lai X, Hao W, Friedman A. TNF-α inhibitor reduces drug-resistance to anti-PD-1: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231499. [PMID: 32310956 PMCID: PMC7170257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a primary obstacle in cancer treatment. In many patients who at first respond well to treatment, relapse occurs later on. Various mechanisms have been explored to explain drug resistance in specific cancers and for specific drugs. In this paper, we consider resistance to anti-PD-1, a drug that enhances the activity of anti-cancer T cells. Based on results in experimental melanoma, it is shown, by a mathematical model, that resistances to anti-PD-1 can be significantly reduced by combining it with anti-TNF-α. The model is used to simulate the efficacy of the combined therapy with different range of doses, different initial tumor volume, and different schedules. In particular, it is shown that under a course of treatment with 3-week cycles where each drug is injected in the first day of either week 1 or week 2, injecting anti-TNF-α one week after anti-PD-1 is the most effective schedule in reducing tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Lai
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Bioscience Institute & Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Huber RM, Hansen KH, Paz-Ares Rodríguez L, West HL, Reckamp KL, Leighl NB, Tiseo M, Smit EF, Kim DW, Gettinger SN, Hochmair MJ, Kim SW, Langer CJ, Ahn MJ, Kim ES, Kerstein D, Groen HJM, Camidge DR. Brigatinib in Crizotinib-Refractory ALK+ NSCLC: 2-Year Follow-up on Systemic and Intracranial Outcomes in the Phase 2 ALTA Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 15:404-415. [PMID: 31756496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report updated data from a phase 2 randomized study evaluating brigatinib in crizotinib-refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive NSCLC. METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1 to take either oral brigatinib 90 mg once daily (arm A) or 180 mg once daily with a 7-day lead-in at 90 mg (arm B), stratified by central nervous system (CNS) metastases and best response to crizotinib. The primary end point was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Secondary end points included independent review committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS), intracranial PFS (iPFS), and overall survival (OS). Exploratory analyses included CNS versus ex-CNS target lesion response and correlation of depth of response with PFS and OS. RESULTS Among 222 randomized patients (112 and 110 in arms A and B, respectively), 59 (27%) remained on brigatinib at analysis (median follow-up: 19.6 versus 24.3 months). At baseline, 71% and 67% had brain lesions among A and B arms, respectively. Investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate was 46% versus 56%. Median IRC-assessed PFS was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval: 7.4-12.8) versus 16.7 months (11.6-21.4). Median OS was 29.5 months (18.2-not reached) versus 34.1 months (27.7-not reached). IRC-confirmed intracranial objective response rate in patients with measurable baseline brain lesions was 50% (13 of 26) versus 67% (12 of 18); median duration of intracranial response was 9.4 versus 16.6 months. IRC-assessed iPFS was 12.8 versus 18.4 months. Across arms, median IRC-assessed PFS was 1.9, 5.5, 11.1, 16.7, and 15.6 months for patients with no, 1%-25%, 26%-50%, 51%-75%, and 76%-100% target lesion shrinkage, respectively. No new safety findings were observed with longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Brigatinib (180 mg once daily with lead-in) continues to demonstrate robust PFS, long iPFS and duration of intracranial response, and high intracranial objective response rate in crizotinib-refractory patients. Depth of response may be an important end point to capture in future targeted therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf M Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital of Munich, Thoracic Oncology Centre Munich, German Centre for Lung Research, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Karin H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Howard L West
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Maximilian J Hochmair
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Corey J Langer
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - David Kerstein
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Harry J M Groen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Luo F, Zhang Z, Liao K, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Hu Z, Zeng K, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao H. Modification of the tumor response threshold in patients of advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy plus targeted agents: a pooled study from five clinical trials in one institution. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:253. [PMID: 31355220 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy with targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria were used in tumor response evaluation. We assumed an optimal threshold for this therapeutic setting and tried to seek a new tumor shrinkage cutoff with the data from five clinical trials in one institution. Methods The X-tile program was used to identify the optimal cut-off value of tumor shrinkage. PFS and OS were compared in the current study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe PFS and OS. 95% CI was calculated for PFS and OS outcomes to assess the treatment efficacy. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS 23.0 was used for all statistical analysis. Results X-tile analysis yielded -10% in the ∆SLD of the target lesions as the optimal threshold for response/non-response. The 10% tumor shrinkage could discriminate responders from non-responders in PFS (10.1 vs. 2.50 months, P=0.0007) and OS (23.00 vs. 7.66 months, P<0.0001). Univariate and multivariable analysis showed that 10% tumor shrinkage was a valid prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.018) and OS outcome (P<0.0001). Conclusions A 10.0% tumor shrinkage in the SLD indicated an indicative efficacy evaluation threshold for NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy plus targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kunlun Liao
- Department of Outpatient, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhihuang Hu
- Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kangmei Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Johnson K, Gomez A, Burton J, White D, Chakravarty A, Schmid A, Bottino D. Directional inconsistency between Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) time to progression and response speed and depth. Eur J Cancer 2019; 109:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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ZAROGOULIDIS P, LAMPAKI S, CHINELIS P, LAZARIDIS G, BAKA S, RAPTI A. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Eye Metastasis: Disease Relapse or a New Entity? MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 5:132-135. [PMID: 28293661 PMCID: PMC5346303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still diagnosed during the advanced stage of the disease and most patients do not have the opportunity for surgical treatment, despite the new diagnostic equipment that has been made available in recent years, such as the radial and linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. However, novel targeted therapies with second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy are available. In this commentary, we will focus on eye metastasis after initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors due to epidermal growth factor mutation of lung cancer adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul ZAROGOULIDIS
- Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia LAMPAKI
- Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panos CHINELIS
- Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George LAZARIDIS
- Oncology Department, G. Papageorgiou University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia BAKA
- Oncology Department, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aggeliki RAPTI
- Pulmonary Department, Sotiria Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
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