Relationship of oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in Chinese men

A non-socially-sensitive predictive model of prostate cancer for Asian males with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multi-site cross-sectional case-control study

BACKGROUND

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in aging Asian males and is associated with an excess risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). However, discussions about socially-sensitive experiences such as sexual activity, which can significantly predict PCa risk, may be considered stigmatized in Asian culture. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PCa risk in Asian males with BPH using non-socially-sensitive information.

METHODS

A cross-sectional case-control study, with PCa patients as the cases and remaining as the controls, was conducted on a cohort of Taiwanese males with BPH from four medical institutions. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, excluding those aged over 86 years or who had received human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Non-socially-sensitive variables such as obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and PCa family history score (FH score) were included in a fully adjusted logistic regression model, and depicted using a nomogram.

RESULTS

Among 236 BPH patients, 45.3% had PCa. Obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and family history of PCa were significantly associated with PCa risk. The FH score (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03-3.47, P = 0.041) had the highest impact, followed by HPV infection (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03-2.11, P = 0.034), occupational exposure (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15-1.51, P <0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.41, P = 0.005). The nomogram accurately depicted the predictive risk, and the model demonstrated robust performance compared to individual factors. In addition, the subgroup analysis results showed elderly age group could obtain more favorable predictive performance in our proposed model (AUC = 0.712).

CONCLUSION

This non-socially-sensitive predictive model for PCa risk in Taiwanese males with BPH integrates multiple factors that could provide acceptable PCa risk-predictive performance, especially for elderly BPH patients over 70 years, aiding clinical decision-making and early cancer detection.

Serum levels of total and urine level of PCA3 in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

BACKGROUND

Urine test with the PSA result will provide a good prognosis of the prostate cancer. Therefore, considering the importance of PCA3 in this study, we aimed to compare the serum total and urinary PCA3 levels in patients with benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients referring to Noor and Hazrat-e-Ali Asghar Hospital in Isfahan from October 2017 to October 2018 for prostate biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Serum total and urinary PCA3 levels were measured and compared in both groups.

RESULTS

38 patients with prostate cancer and 52 patients with BPH participated in this study. Mean age in prostate cancer group was significantly higher than BPH group (P=0.01). Also mean PCA3, and total PSA, in patients with prostate cancer was significantly higher than patients with BPH (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

PCA3 was an important marker in patients with prostate cancer and BPH.

Association of oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus risk: An updated meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease, and oestrogen is considered to be a predisposing factor for SLE. Although some studies are conducted to explore the association between oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility, their results are inconsistent.

METHODS

Meta-analysis was conducted to confirm whether ERα gene polymorphisms were associated with SLE susceptibility, and the strength of association was anticipated by pooled ORs with 95% CIs. Stata software package version 12.0 was used to calculate all the statistical analyses.

RESULTS

Twelve studies included 2494 cases and 4176 controls were incorporated in our meta-analysis. A significant association was found for ERα PvuII polymorphism in the overall population (CC+CT vs TT: OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 1.195-1.490, P < 0.001; CC vs TT: OR = 1.401, 95% CI = 1.096-1.791, P = 0.007; CT vs TT: OR = 1.284, 95% CI = 1.141-1.444, P < 0.001; C vs T: OR = 1.221, 95% CI = 1.084-1.375, P = 0.001), while there was no significant association for ERα XbaI polymorphism. Besides, in stratification analyses by ethnicity, the PvuII polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of SLE in Asians (CC+CT vs TT: OR = 1.379, 95% CI = 1.203-1.581, P < 0.001; CT vs TT: OR = 1.308, 95% CI = 1.130-1.515, P < 0.001; C vs T: OR = 1.240, 95% CI = 1.052-1.462, P = 0.010), while for ESR1 XbaI polymorphism, a significantly increased risk of SLE susceptibility was found in Asians (GA vs AA: OR = 1.271, 95% CI = 1.101-1.467, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis indicated that the ERα PvuII polymorphism was significantly associated with SLE susceptibility in the overall and Asian populations, while the ERα XbaI GA genotype only played a key role in SLE susceptibility in Asian populations.

ERα PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in postmenopausal women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a case control study

Background

Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) insufficiency is considered as the main cause of adult acquired flat foot and is three times more frequent in females. High estrogen levels exert a positive effect on the overall collagen synthesis in tendons. We have previously demonstrated the association between some genetic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and tendinopathy. In the present study, we investigated the association of PvuII c454-397T>C (NCBI ID: rs2234693) and XbaI c454-351A>G (NCBI ID: rs9340799) SNPs in estrogen receptor alfa (ER-α) gene with PPT dysfunction.

Methods

A total of 92 female subjects with PTT dysfunction, with histopathological examination of the tendon and magnetic resonance image (MRI) evidence of tendinopathy, were compared to 92 asymptomatic females who presented an intact PPT at MRI for PvuII and XbaI SNPs in the ER-α gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotypes were obtained by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

The analysis of PvuII SNPs showed no significant differences in the frequency of alleles and genotypes between control and PTT dysfunction groups. The XbaI SNPs in the ER-α gene showed significant differences in the frequency of genotypes between control and test groups (p = 0.01; OR 95% 1.14 (0.55–2.33).

Conclusions

The XbaI SNP in the ERα gene may contribute to tendinopathy, and the A/A genotype could be a risk factor for PTT tendinopathy in this population. The PvuII SNP studied was not associated with PTT tendinopathy.

ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: Evidence from 80 studies

Emerging epidemiological researches have been performed to assess the association of ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism with the risk of cancer, yet with conflicting conclusions. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis was performed to make a more accurate evaluation of such relationship. We adopted EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, and WANFANG database to search relevant literature before January 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to estimate the relationship strengths. In final, 80 studies (69 publications) involving 26428 cases and 43381 controls were enrolled. Our results failed to provide significant association between overall cancer risk and PvuII polymorphism under homozygous (TT vs. CC) and heterozygous (TT vs. CT) models. Statistically significant relationship was only observed for PvuII polymorphism in allele model T vs. C (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.91-0.99). Stratification analysis by cancer type suggested that T genotype significantly decreased prostate cancer risk (TT vs. CC: OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.66-0.94; T vs. C: OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.82-0.98), Leiomyoma risk (T vs. C: OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.68-0.98), and HCC risk (TT vs. CC: OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.28-0.71; T vs. C: OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.47-0.95). Furthermore, significantly decreased risk was also found for Africans, population-based and hospital-based studies in the stratified analyses. These results suggest that ESR1 PvuII (rs2234693 T>C) polymorphism may only have little impact on cancer susceptibility. In the future, large-scale epidemical studies are warranted to verify these results.

Comprehensive assessment of the association between estrogen receptor of alpha polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis

We performed a meta analysis to access the relationship of estrogen receptor of alpha (ESRα) polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). Twenty-four case-control studies (including 5477 cases and 10708 controls) were recruited for meta-analysis. The strongest association with the risk of PC was observed between ESRα rs9340799 and rs2234693 under the two genotypic models of allele and codominance in the overall population (p < 0.05). Under the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, we observed that ESRα rs9340799 was significantly associated with the susceptibility to PC in European population (AvsG, p = 0.000; AAvsGG, p = 0.002), while there was no difference in Asian (AvsG, p = 0.493; AAvsGG, p = 0.736) or African population (AvsG, p = 0.800; AAvsGG, p = 0.788). The results also showed that significant association between rs2234693 and the susceptibility to PC in European (CvsT, p = 0.004; CCvsTT, p = 0.001) and Asian population (CvsT, p = 0.004; CCvsTT, p = 0.003), but not in African population (CvsT, p = 0.636; CCvsTT, p = 0.669). The meta-analysis indicated that ESRα rs9340799 and rs2234693 might contribute to susceptibility and development of PC in European population.