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Pal P, Maranon RO, Rivera Gonzales OJ, Speed JS, Janorkar AV. Sexual Dimorphism's impact on adipogenesis: A three-dimensional in vitro model treated with 17β-estradiol and testosterone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112249. [PMID: 38604550 PMCID: PMC11144096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture model, we report the dose dependent effect of 17β-estradiol and testosterone on the adipogenic differentiation and maturation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) obtained from female and male patients. Considering sexual dimorphism, we expected male and female adipocytes to respond differently to the sex steroids. Both male and female hASC spheroids were exposed to 100 nM and 500 nM of 17β-estradiol and testosterone either at the beginning of the adipogenic maturation (Phase I) to discourage intracellular triglyceride accumulation or exposed after adipogenic maturation (Phase II) to reduce the intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The results show that 17β-estradiol leads to a dose dependent reduction in intracellular triglyceride accumulation in female hASC spheroids compared to the both untreated and testosterone-treated cells. Affirming our hypothesis, 17β-estradiol prevented intracellular triglyceride accumulation during Phase I, while it stimulated lipolysis during Phase II. PPAR-γ and adiponectin gene expression also reduced upon 17β-estradiol treatment in female cells. Interestingly, 17β-estradiol and testosterone had only a modest effect on the male hASC spheroids. Collectively, our findings suggest that 17β-estradiol can prevent fat accumulation in adipocytes during early and late stages of maturation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Pal
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Rodrigo O Maranon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; National Council on Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Zhou YH, Guo Y, Wang F, Zhou CL, Tang CY, Tang HN, Yan DW, Zhou HD. Association of Sex Hormones and Fat Distribution in Men with Different Obese and Metabolic Statuses. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1225-1238. [PMID: 35173463 PMCID: PMC8841523 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s351282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although several studies have explored the association of sex hormones with glucose metabolism, the association between sex hormones and body fat distribution, which is closely related to insulin resistance, has not been fully elucidated. We have tried to explore the relationship of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass in Chinese men with different obese and metabolic statuses. Patients and Methods A total of 128 men from the Health Management Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were collected and grouped in accordance with their obese and metabolic syndrome (MS) statuses: metabolically healthy non-overweight/obese men (MHNO), metabolically healthy overweight/obese men (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese men (MUO). Multiple regression analyses were performed to estimate contributions of sex hormones levels to the variations of body fat distribution and the contributions of body fat distribution to the variations of sex hormone levels. Results With fat mass parameters as independent variables, SAT had a strong negative association with T in MHNO (β = −2.772, P = 0.034), VAT was positively correlated with E2 in MHO (β = 22.269, P = 0.009), and SAT was negatively associated with T in MUO (β = −3.315, P = 0.010). With sex hormones as independent variables, E2 positively correlated with VAT (β = −176.259, P = 0.048), while T negatively correlated with VAT in MHO (β = 183.150, P = 0.029). In MUO, an inverse association of T with SAT was observed (β = −213.689, P = 0.021). Conclusion E2 and VAT had a mutual influence, thus resulting in a vicious circle, and the negative correlation between T and VAT may be related to the decrease of the MS occurrence in the MHO group. There were bi-directional relationships between sex hormones and fat distribution in men with different obese and metabolic statuses. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EOC-16010194. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ci-La Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Wen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hou-De Zhou, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-731-85292223, Fax +86-731-85533525, Email
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The role of leptin and low testosterone in obesity. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:704-713. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Del Giudice F, Kasman AM, Ferro M, Sciarra A, De Berardinis E, Belladelli F, Salonia A, Eisenberg ML. Clinical correlation among male infertility and overall male health: A systematic review of the literature. Investig Clin Urol 2020; 61:355-371. [PMID: 32665992 PMCID: PMC7329649 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ongoing evidence has suggested the role of male factor infertility as a potential predictor of mortality and general health status. The aim of the present review is to update the current knowledge base regarding the association between male factor infertility and general health through a critical review of the literature. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the literature was carried out from inception to November 2019 in order to evaluate significant associations between male infertility and adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular, oncologic, metabolic and autoimmune diseases as well as overall mortality. Results In all, 27 studies met inclusion criteria and were critically examined. Five studies examined male infertility and cardiovascular disease risk, 11 examined oncologic risk (e.g., overall cancer risk, testis and prostate cancer), 8 examined aggregate chronic medical diseases and 5 infertility related to incidence of mortality, for a total of 599,807 men diagnosed with any male factor infertility covering a period from 1916 to 2016. Conclusions A man's fertility and overall health appear to be interconnected. Therefore, a diagnosis of male infertility may allow a window into future comorbidity and/or mortality which may help guide clinical decisions and counseling. Several possible etiologies such as genetic, epigenetic, developmental, and lifestyle-based factors need to be further evaluated in order to establish the underlying mechanisms between male infertility and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex M Kasman
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Rafaele, URI, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Rafaele, URI, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Bao C, Liu T, Li S, Huang J, Wan Y, Li J. Curcumin‑loaded PEG‑PDLLA nanoparticles for attenuating palmitate‑induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis through AMPK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:672-682. [PMID: 31173176 PMCID: PMC6605976 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has the ability to attenuate oxidative stress in the myocardium and to protect the myocardium from lipotoxic injury owing to its lipid-reducing properties. However, the use of CUR is limited due to its hydrophobicity and instability. In this study, CUR-loaded nanoparticles (CUR NPs) were developed using an amphiphilic copolymer, monomethoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (DL-lactide), as a vehicle material. CUR NPs with high drug loading and small size were prepared under optimized conditions. The effects of CUR NPs on palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte injury were investigated and the possible protective mechanism of CUR NPs was also examined. It was found that CUR NPs were able to control the release of CUR and to deliver CUR to H9C2 cells, and they could prevent palmitate-treated H9C2 cells from apoptosis. In addition, CUR NPs could regulate the Bax and Bcl-2 levels of palmitate-treated H9C2 cells back to their respective normal levels. A prospective mechanism for the function of CUR NPs is that they may activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1/p-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling pathway, regulate the expression of downstream proteins and resist the palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Results suggest that CUR NPs can attenuate palmitate-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis through the AMPK pathway. In view of the safety and efficiency of these CUR NPs, they have potential for application in protecting the myocardium from lipotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changchun People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Huang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Free testosterone value before radical prostatectomy is related to oncologic outcomes and post-operative erectile function. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:87. [PMID: 30658612 PMCID: PMC6339281 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether free testosterone (FT) prior to radical prostatectomy was related to post-operative oncologic outcomes, erectile function and continence. Methods The data of 586 patients with available information underwent treatment in our center was retrospectively reviewed. Total testosterone (TT) was tested by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and FT value was calculated using Vermeulen’s formula. Post-operative continence and erectile function were evaluated by the requirement of pad and the IIEF-5 score at 12 months. Results The median TT and FT value was 344 ng/dL (interquartile, IQR 314–374) and 6.9 ng/dL (IQR 6.4–7.3), and 106 patients (18.1%) and 152 patients (25.9%) were evaluated as having low TT and low FT based on current guidelines. Low TT and FT value were both related to older age (both p < 0.001), concomitant diabetes (p = 0.018 & 0.049), higher possibility of pre-operative erectile dysfunction (ED, both p < 0.001), higher pre-operative PSA value (both p < 0.001), higher clinical stage (both p < 0.001) and higher Gleason score in biopsy (both p < 0.001). Low FT was related to higher risk for pT3 (p = 0.020) and high Gleason score (p = 0.011) in logistic regression. The median follow-up duration was 52 moths (IQR 29–67) and FT was found to be an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence (p = 0.005). In logistic regression TT was related to pre-operative ED (p = 0.010) and FT was related to post-operative ED (p = 0.001). Conclusion Low FT value before radical prostatectomy was related to adverse pathological outcomes, biochemical recurrence and post-operative ED.
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Hackett G, Cole N, Mulay A, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Long-term testosterone therapy in type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced mortality without improvement in conventional cardiovascular risk factors. BJU Int 2018; 123:519-529. [PMID: 30216622 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To further characterize the beneficial impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the association between mortality and hypogonadism (HG) in men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), by determining, firstly, if changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors after TRT play a role, secondly, whether the reduction in mortality is lost when TRT is discontinued and, finally, the presence of subgroups where benefit may be greater. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 857 men with T2DM, screened for the BLAST randomized controlled trial, over 3.8 years of follow-up. The men were stratified first by testosterone levels: group 1: total testosterone (TT) >12 nmol/L and free testosterone (FT) >0.25 nmol/L; Group 2: TT ≤12 nmol/L or FT ≤0.25 nmol/L. Group 2 was further stratified into those not on TRT (Group 2a) and those on TRT (Group 2b). Group 2b was further stratified by whether TRT was discontinued (Group 2b1) or not (Group 2b2). The principal outcome, mortality, was studied using Cox regression. RESULTS We found that TRT was not associated with improvements in CVD risk factors. CVD risk factors (baseline and changes during follow-up) were not associated with mortality. Men in Group 1 and Group 2b were found to have lower mortality (reference: Group 2a), even with CVD risk factors included in the regression models. Mortality was lower in men in Group 2b1 (6.2%) and Group 2b2 (0%) compared with those in Group 2a (16.9%). The lower mortality associated with Group 1 and Group 2b was observed primarily in older (>64.6 years) and less overweight (≤93.8 kg) men. CONCLUSIONS The benefits associated with normal testosterone levels and TRT (even after discontinuation) do not appear to be related to improvements in the CVD risk factors studied. In view of TRT having greater impact in men of lower weight, better outcomes may be achieved with concurrent TRT and weight reduction programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Hackett
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel Cole
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Richard C Strange
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Sudarshan Ramachandran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals of North Midlands/Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.,College of Engineering, Design & Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
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