Ultrasonographic features of testicular metastasis from renal clear cell carcinoma that mimics a seminoma: A case report

Ultrasonographic characteristics of testicular renal cell carcinoma metastasis: A case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) extremely rarely metastasizes to the testis. To date, only three reports have documented bilateral testicular metastasis of RCC. Here, we review the ultrasonographic characteristics of testicular metastasis of renal cell carcinoma cases in the literature and present a 43-year-old patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who was diagnosed with bilateral testicular metastasis of RCC many years after nephrectomy, with ultrasonographic-pathological correlation.

[Secondary tumors localized in testis]

Testis tumors are uncommon in oncology, and testicular metastasis from distant solid tumors are even rarer. We present two cases encountered in our department of pathology in CHU de Rennes, France. Moreover, we collected all reported cases in the Medline/PubMed databases of non-hematopoietic secondary testis tumors in adults, excluding autopsy studies, to propose an integrative study on this topic. In total, we report 98 cases of secondary testis lesions to prostate (n=38, 38.77 %), colorectal (n=19, 19.39%), gastric (n=12, 12.24%), kidney (n=7, 7.14%), lung (n=6, 6.12%) and other primary cancers. The median age at diagnosis was 66.5 years. We identified significantly more prostate adenocarcinoma (P<0.0001) when the primary tumor was known and significantly more colorectal adenocarcinoma (P=0.035) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P=0.002) when the primary tumor was unknown. The age at diagnosis was older when the primary tumor was known (P=0.007). We present the challenges for the diagnosis and propose some elements for diagnosis orientation. Finally, we discuss the possible ways of metastatic dissemination from primary site to testis, as illustrated by the two cases we present.

Testicular Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main electronic medical databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed) until March 2023 to identify relevant articles that could potentially contribute to this review. Neither language nor publication dates were set as limits. Although we found a total of 51 case reports, only 31 of them contained all the required information. Testicular metastasis in patients with RCC suggests a late stage of the disease. Moreover, it usually does not present typical systemic or specific symptoms except for swelling and enlargement of the affected testis. Knowledge of the possibility of such variants of RCC metastases will allow a clinician to make an appropriate diagnosis and implement adequate treatment without delay, which is crucial in the management of neoplastic disease.

A rare case of bilateral testicular metastasis from ileocecal NET: multiparametric US detection

Testicular metastasis are rare findings and bilateral metastasis of testes are extremely rare. Here we are describing for the first time a case of bilateral testicular metastasis in a patient with a known ileocecal valve NET using an in-depth ultra-sound studying including microvascular flow imaging (MV-flow), ultra-sound new technique, able to detect small vessel slow-signal.

Spermatocytic tumor: A rare case report

BACKGROUND

Spermatocytic tumor is a rare, malignant neoplasm of the testes. Since the prognosis for this tumor type is favorable, accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other malignant testicular neoplasms (classic seminoma and lymphoma) are crucial. To add to the existing literature on the diagnosis of spermatocytic tumor, herein we report the detailed clinical and histopathologic findings for a case that we encountered.

CASE SUMMARY

A 60-year-old Chinese man presented with a solid mass in the right scrotum. The mass was surgically removed and spermatocytic tumor was diagnosed. On microscopy, the tumor cells displayed an unusual arrangement in lobules, presenting a pseudo-glandular appearance. To summarize and compare the diagnostic features of this tumor and those of the differential diagnoses, we report our case findings and those mentioned in the literature for various testicular tumors. Although imaging methods can detect masses early in development, their diagnostic capabilities are limited. Biopsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry are necessary for confirmatory diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

It is important to identify and review the key diagnostic features of spermatocytic tumor.

Are tyrosine kinase inhibitors an effective treatment in testicular metastases from kidney cancer? Case report

Testicular metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are extremely rare. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the cornerstone of systemic therapy for metastatic RCC. We report a case of testicular metastasis in a 72-year-old patient with RCC that developed 17 years after nephrectomy and response to TKI treatment, a retrospective literature search on testicular metastases from RCC, and the indirect evidence described in the literature on the efficacy of chemotherapy and target therapy on testicular lesions.

The Rare, the Odd, and the Atypical: A Pictorial Essay of Testicular and Paratesticular Diseases

ABSTRACT

Understanding a variety of scrotal diseases is essential to developing an accurate differential diagnosis and is critical in providing optimal patient care. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice when evaluating for scrotal pathology, with the major purpose of locating such pathology to either the testis, or epididymis, or other intrascrotal structures, as well as characterizing lesions as solid or cystic. It is generally assumed that most solid intratesticular masses are more likely malignant, whereas most extratesticular ones are benign, although some exceptions to that rule exist. This pictorial essay will focus on rare and less commonly encountered benign and malignant testicular and paratesticular pathologies, which may pose a diagnostic dilemma for interpreting radiologists and treating physicians. Knowledge of their imaging characteristics will help narrow the differential diagnosis and assist in proper patient management and care.

An optimal prognostic model based on gene expression for clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent type of RCC; however, prognostic prediction tools for ccRCC are scant. Developing mRNA or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-based risk assessment tools may improve the prognosis in patients with ccRCC. RNA-sequencing and prognostic data from patients with ccRCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the European Bioinformatics Institute Array database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs (DERs) and prognostic DERs were screened between less favorable and favorable prognoses using the limma package in R 3.4.1, and analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. Risk score models were constructed using optimal combinations of DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage And Selection Operator Cox regression model of the penalized package. Associations between risk score models and overall survival time were evaluated. Independent prognostic clinical factors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and nomogram models were constructed. Gene Ontology biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using the clusterProfiler package in R3.4.1. A total of 451 DERs were identified, including 404 mRNAs and 47 lncRNAs, between less favorable and favorable prognoses, and 269 DERs, including 233 mRNAs and 36 lncRNAs, were identified as independent prognostic factors. Optimal combinations including 10 DEmRNAs or 10 DElncRNAs were screened using four risk score models based on the status or expression levels of the 10 DEmRNAs or 10 DElncRNAs. The model based on the expression levels of the 10 DEmRNAs had the highest prognostic power. These prognostic DEmRNAs may be involved in biological processes associated with the inflammatory response, complement and coagulation cascades and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. The present validated risk assessment tool based on the expression levels of these 10 DEmRNAs may help to identify patients with ccRCC at a high risk of mortality. These 10 DEmRNAs in optimal combinations may serve as prognostic biomarkers and help to elucidate the pathogenesis of ccRCC.