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Ebert MP, Fischbach W, Hollerbach S, Höppner J, Lorenz D, Stahl M, Stuschke M, Pech O, Vanhoefer U, Porschen R. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:535-642. [PMID: 38599580 DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
- DKFZ-Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg
| | - Wolfgang Fischbach
- Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Krankheiten von Magen, Darm und Leber sowie von Störungen des Stoffwechsels und der Ernährung (Gastro-Liga) e. V., Giessen
| | | | - Jens Höppner
- Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Chirurgische Klinik I, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt
| | - Michael Stahl
- Klinik für Internistische Onkologie und onkologische Palliativmedizin, Evang. Huyssensstiftung, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg
| | - Udo Vanhoefer
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Katholisches Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg
| | - Rainer Porschen
- Gastroenterologische Praxis am Kreiskrankenhaus Osterholz, Osterholz-Scharmbeck
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Sun H, Liang G, Wang Z, Xing W. Stratification of lymph node metastasis improves diagnostic efficiency in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2023; 36:doad017. [PMID: 37013856 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difference of the short diameter of lymph nodes in the main regions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its value in the diagnosis of lymph nodes need to explore. METHODS The clinical data of patients with thoracic ESCC who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were collected. The short diameters of the largest lymph node in each region of the patient were measured by preoperative enhanced computed tomography (CT) and were compared with the postoperative pathology. RESULTS A total of 477 patients with thoracic ESCC who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy were enrolled in this study. The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that the short diameters of the paracardial nodes, the left gastric nodes, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, and the left recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes could well predict the postoperative pathology of the lymph nodes, with area under curve (AUC) of 0.958, 0.937, 0.931, and 0.915, the corresponding cut-off values of 5.7 mm, 5.7 mm, 5.5 mm, and 4.8 mm, the corresponding sensitivities of 94.7%, 85.4%, 88.7%, and 79.4%, and the corresponding specificities of 93.7%, 96.3%, 86.2%, and 95.0%, respectively. The AUC of the thoracic paraesophageal lymph nodes, the subcarinal nodes and all regional lymph nodes were 0.845, 0.688, and 0.776, respectively. CONCLUSION Region-based criterion for lymph node metastasis of thoracic ESCC is beneficial to improve the diagnostic efficiency of preoperative CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianben Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongfei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqun Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:701-745. [PMID: 37285870 DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:e209-e307. [PMID: 37285869 DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Peng D, He J, Liu H, Cao J, Wang Y, Chen Y. FAPI PET/CT research progress in digestive system tumours. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:164-169. [PMID: 34364808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography has been used in clinical practice for many years. This modality is of great value for tumour diagnosis, staging, and efficacy evaluations, but it has many limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system tumours. Fibroblast activation protein is highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumours. Various isotope-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors are widely used in clinical research. These inhibitors have low background uptake in the brain, liver and oral/pharyngeal mucosa and show good contrast between the tumour and background, which makes up for the lack of fluorodeoxyglucose in the diagnosis of digestive system tumours. It better displays the primary tumours, metastases and regional lymph nodes of digestive system tumours, such as oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and also provides a new method for treating these tumours. Based on this background, this article introduces the current research status of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography/computed tomography in various types of digestive system malignant tumours to provide more valuable information for diagnosing and treating digestive system tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsai Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China.
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Liao S, Wei W, Zhang S, Zeng T, Chen H, Zheng W, Chen C, Ji Z, Zheng B. Modified method to improve the diagnostic efficiency of 18F-FDG PET/CT in regional lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1549. [PMID: 34790755 PMCID: PMC8576671 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Regional lymph node (LN) metastasis is a significant factor influencing the treatment choice of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The performance PET/CT as an imaging evaluation method for regional LNs in ESCC, is unsatisfactory due to the lack of logical criterion. We explored how a modified criterion improved the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in regional LN metastasis. Methods The data from 111 patients with ESCC were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent preoperative PET/CT examination, resection of the cancer, and regional LN dissection. The PET/CT images were interpreted by two experienced diagnosticians. LNs were allocated to five subregions. Each LN was diagnosed by two diagnostic criteria of PET/CT (traditional criterion and the modified criterion) one by one across the same field, and the accuracy of PET/CT was determined using the histopathologic results as the reference standard. Results A total of 4,847 LNs were dissected, of which 147 were confirmed as metastases by postoperative pathology. A total of 656 LNs were screened by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The determination of all 656 LNs by PET/CT was compared with the pathological results. The diagnostic accuracy of the modified and traditional criteria for the five subregions (paraesophageal, neck, upper mediastinal, middle-lower mediastinal and ventral subregions) was: 74.60% vs. 61.90%, 86.44% vs. 81.36%, 90.26% vs. 70.78%, 96.19% vs. 75.09%, and 87.91% vs. 85.71%, respectively. Conclusions The modified diagnostic criterion had better diagnostic efficiency because it combined PET and CT imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Liao
- PET/CT Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Wei
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuliang Zhang
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taidui Zeng
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyou Ji
- PET/CT Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Thoracic Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Pucher PH, White A, Padfield O, Davies AR, Maisey N, Qureshi A, Subesinghe M, Baker C, Gossage JA. Incidence and relevance of clinically indeterminate nonregional lymph nodes in the treatment of oesophageal cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:1270-1276. [PMID: 34347657 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastatic involvement of nonregional supraclavicular or superior mediastinal lymph nodes in distal oesophageal cancer is rare but has important implications for prognosis and management. The management of nonregional lymph nodes which appear indeterminate on CT and FDG PET-CT (subcentimeter nodes or those with preserved normal morphology, but increased FDG avidity) can present a diagnostic dilemma. This study investigates the incidence, work-up and clinical significance of nonregional clinically indeterminate FDG avid lymph nodes. METHODS A single-centre retrospective review of all FDG PET-CT scans conducted over 5 years was conducted. Patients with mid- or distal oesophageal cancer with nonregional FDG avid nodes were identified. Subsequent work-up, management and outcomes were retrieved from electronic health records. RESULTS Reports for 1189 PET-CT scans were reviewed. A total of 79 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 (23%) were deemed to have disease and performance status potentially amenable to radical surgery and underwent further assessment. The indeterminate lymph nodes were successfully sampled via endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) or ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) in 100% of cases. 15/18 (83.3%) of samples were benign and proceeded to surgery. Outcomes for patients who proceeded to surgery were similar to other cohorts. None had pathology suggesting false-negative lymph node sampling. CONCLUSIONS EBUS and US-FNA are effective means of sampling clinically indeterminate nonregional lymph nodes, and can significantly impact prognosis, and management. Further investigations in this context are of value in this cohort and should be pursued. Nonregional clinically indeterminate lymph nodes represent a diagnostic dilemma in oesophageal cancer staging. Additional investigations in the form of endobronchial ultrasound are effective at providing additional staging information, and can substantially influence patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Pucher
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
- Department of General Surgery, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Trust, Portsmouth
| | - Annabelle White
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Olivia Padfield
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Andrew R Davies
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
- Division of Cancer Sciences, King's College London
| | - Nick Maisey
- Department of Oncology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Asad Qureshi
- Department of Oncology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Manil Subesinghe
- King's College London & Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cara Baker
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - James A Gossage
- Department of General Surgery, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London
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Role of Imaging in Esophageal Cancer Management in 2020: Update for Radiologists. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:1072-1084. [PMID: 32901568 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of imaging in the management of esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION. A multimodality-based approach to imaging is essential in clinical practice to achieve the best possible outcome for patients with esophageal cancer. Radiologists must be aware of the strengths and limitations of different imaging modalities in various clinical settings. The role of a radiologist is to combine information from anatomic and functional imaging, assess metastatic disease and changes in the primary tumor during treatment, and identify anatomic complications after treatment.
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Elsherif SB, Andreou S, Virarkar M, Soule E, Gopireddy DR, Bhosale PR, Lall C. Role of precision imaging in esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:5159-5176. [PMID: 33145093 PMCID: PMC7578477 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advancements in the management of esophageal cancer have allowed for earlier detection, improved ability to monitor progression, and superior treatment options. These innovations allow treatment teams to formulate more customized management plans and have led to an increase in patient survival rates. For example, in order for the most effective management plan to be constructed, accurate staging must be performed to determine tumor resectability. This article reviews the multimodality imaging approach involved in making a diagnosis, staging, evaluating treatment response and detecting recurrence in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif B Elsherif
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia Andreou
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mayur Virarkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Soule
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandana Lall
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Li ZX, Li XD, Liu XB, Xing WQ, Sun HB, Wang ZF, Zhang RX, Li Y. Clinical evaluation of right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3622-3630. [PMID: 32802441 PMCID: PMC7399419 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The accuracy of clinical N staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is suboptimal. As an important station of lymph node metastasis, station C201 (right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes) has rarely been evaluated alone. We aimed to explore an effective way to evaluate the right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 628 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent radical resection without neoadjuvant therapy from two Chinese cancer centers. The diameter of the short axis of the largest right recurrent laryngeal nerve node (DC201) was measured on contrast-enhanced multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes were examined by postoperative pathologic results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to assess the diagnostic capabilities of DC201 to determine the right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes status. Results ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off point of DC201 was 6 mm, with an area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index of 0.896, 71.9%, 88.8%, and 0.607 respectively. When the cut-off point of DC201 was set to 10 mm, sensitivity, specificity and the Youden index were 14.1%, 99.6% and 0.137 respectively. Among 128 patients with right recurrent laryngeal nerve node metastasis, 71 and 108 patients had the largest right recurrent laryngeal nerve node located above the suprasternal notch level and in the tracheoesophageal groove respectively. Conclusions When DC201 ≥6.0 mm instead of DC201 ≥10 mm was used to dictate the right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes metastasis, contrast-enhanced MSCT could evaluate the status of right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes with high sensitivity and specificity. The largest right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes were mainly located in the tracheoesophageal groove and/or above the suprasternal notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ben Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qun Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zong-Fei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 improves tumor staging and monitors early response to chemoradiotherapy in a patient with esophageal cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:3188-3189. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hamai Y. ASO Author Reflections: Evaluation of Lymph Nodes by FDG-PET for Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:664-665. [PMID: 31359280 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hamai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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