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Yin J, Ma T, Gao G, Chen Q, Nong L. Early Clinical and Radiologic Evaluation of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy and Bilateral Decompression in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2024. [PMID: 38442912 DOI: 10.1055/a-2281-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in radiologic parameters and clinical outcomes following unilateral biportal endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression (UBE ULBD) for treatment of central lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS Forty-one central lumbar spinal stenosis patients who underwent UBE ULBD were enrolled from April 2021 to February 2023. Visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and the modified MacNab criteria were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional area of the spinal canal (CSAC), anteroposterior diameter, horizontal width, and ipsilateral and contralateral lateral recess height were calculated from axial computed tomography (CT) scans. Percentage of facet joint preservation measured on axial CT scans was obtained preoperation and postoperation. RESULTS The VAS for back and leg pain improved from 7.24 ± 0.80 and 7.59 ± 0.59 preoperatively to 2.41 ± 0.55 and 2.37 ± 0.62 (p < 0.05) postoperatively and 1.37 ± 0.54 and 1.51 ± 0.55 at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). For ODI, improvement from 60.37 ± 4.44 preoperatively to 18.90 ± 4.66 (p < 0.05) at the last follow-up was observed. CT scans demonstrated that the postoperative CSAC increased significantly from 287.84 ± 87.81 to 232.97 ± 88.42 mm (p < 0.05). The mean postoperative anteroposterior diameter and horizontal width increased significantly from 18.01 ± 3.13 and 19.57 ± 3.80 to 22.19 ± 4.56 and 21.04 ± 3.72 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). The ipsilateral lateral recess height and contralateral lateral recess height were 3.39 ± 1.12 and 3.20 ± 1.14 mm preoperatively and 4.03 ± 1.37 and 3.83 ± 1.32 mm (p < 0.05) postoperatively, with significant differences. The ipsilateral and contralateral facet joint preservations were 88.17 and 93.18%, respectively. CONCLUSION The UBE ULBD surgery is a safe and effective treatment for central lumbar spinal stenosis, associated with significant improvement in clinical outcomes and radiologic parameters. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are needed for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Gongming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Luming Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Ekşi MŞ, Özcan-Ekşi EE, Orhun Ö, Huet SE, Turgut VU, Pamir MN. Association between facet joint orientation/tropism and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:293-300. [PMID: 33356603 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1864289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to understand how facet joint orientation (FJO) and facet joint tropism (FJT) affected severe intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) process at lower lumbar levels in patients with LBP.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a retrospective database. Patients were evaluated in terms of IVDD, FJO, and FJT at all lumbar levels on magnetic resonance imaging.Results: In this study (n: 123) facet joints were aligned more coronal in men than in women at upper lumbar levels. Men had less FJT compared to women, significantly at L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels. Severe IVDD at L4-L5 was associated with more coronal aligned L1-L2 (29.0 ± 2.5° vs. 23.3 ± 2.3°, p = 0.006) and misaligned L5-S1 (8.3 ± 1.9° vs. 4.5 ± 1.7°, p = 0.008). Besides, severe IVDD at L3-L4 was associated with more coronal aligned L4-L5 (49.1 ± 3.2° vs. 41.4 ± 2.8°, p = 0.014).Conclusion: There is a close association between FJO/FJT with lumbar IVDD. Facet joint orientation and FJT do not affect the disc at only the corresponding level; the lumbar spine should be evaluated as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şakir Ekşi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ece Özcan-Ekşi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Orhun
- School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Emilie Huet
- School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Veli Umut Turgut
- Antalya Atatürk State Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Schadow JE, Maxey D, Smith TO, Finnilä MAJ, Manske SL, Segal NA, Wong AKO, Davey RA, Turmezei T, Stok KS. Systematic review of computed tomography parameters used for the assessment of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Bone 2024; 178:116948. [PMID: 37926204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the published parameters for the assessment of subchondral bone in human osteoarthritis (OA) using computed tomography (CT) and gain an overview of current practices and standards. DESIGN A literature search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was performed with search strategies tailored to each database (search from 2010 to January 2023). The search results were screened independently by two reviewers against pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were deemed eligible if conducted in vivo/ex vivo in human adults (>18 years) using any type of CT to assess subchondral bone in OA. Extracted data from eligible studies were compiled in a qualitative summary and formal narrative synthesis. RESULTS This analysis included 202 studies. Four groups of CT modalities were identified to have been used for subchondral bone assessment in OA across nine anatomical locations. Subchondral bone parameters measuring similar features of OA were combined in six categories: (i) microstructure, (ii) bone adaptation, (iii) gross morphology (iv) mineralisation, (v) joint space, and (vi) mechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS Clinically meaningful parameter categories were identified as well as categories with the potential to become relevant in the clinical field. Furthermore, we stress the importance of quantification of parameters to improve their sensitivity and reliability for the evaluation of OA disease progression and the need for standardised measurement methods to improve their clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima E Schadow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David Maxey
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Toby O Smith
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sarah L Manske
- Department of Radiology, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Neil A Segal
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States.
| | - Andy Kin On Wong
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Schroeder's Arthritis Institute, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tom Turmezei
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn S Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Byvaltsev VA, Kalinin AA, Shepelev VV, Pestryakov YY, Biryuchkov MY, Jubaeva BA, Boddapati V, Lehman RA, Riew KD. The Relationship of Radiographic Parameters and Morphological Changes at Various Stages of Degeneration of the Lumbar Facet Joints: Cadaver Study. Global Spine J 2024; 14:195-203. [PMID: 35499552 PMCID: PMC10676162 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221099471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric specimens. OBJECTIVE To perform a pathomorphological analysis of the degree of facet joint (FJ) degeneration utilizing fresh cadaveric models and correlating these structural changes with imaging findings. METHODS L1-L5 FSU including all tissue between the anterior longitudinal ligament to the posterior spinal structures were obtained on 28 patients at a mean of 5.7 hours post-mortem. The samples were fixed in an agar medium and CT and MRI were performed. The level of FJ degeneration was identified based on prior classifications Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), as was the facet angle and tropism. Pathomorphological assessment including articular cartilage cell density was performed according to prior established methodology. RESULTS Radiographically, a direct association was identified between FJ degeneration and patient age. Facet angle and tropism did not significantly vary by patient age. Pathomorphologically, there was a decrease in the cellular density of articular cartilage with increasing patient age. Similarly, there was a significant direct correlation between radiographic degree of degenerative changes in FJs with the age of cadavers and the degree of degeneration of FJs according to the morphological classification of OARSI, as well as a significant inverse correlation with cell density. CONCLUSION A comprehensive assessment of various signs of FJ degeneration using cadaveric material has established that, based on radiographic imaging, it is possible to assess the microstructural state of FJ, including at an early stage of the disease. This data may be useful for surgeons in guiding therapeutic strategies based on individual biometric parameters of the FJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Byvaltsev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Kalinin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Valerii V Shepelev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yurii Ya Pestryakov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Biryuchkov
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Bagdat A Jubaeva
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Venkat Boddapati
- Daniel and Jane Och Spine Hospital, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A Lehman
- Daniel and Jane Och Spine Hospital, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Daniel Riew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical School
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Suputtitada A, Chen JL, Wu CK, Peng YN, Yen TY, Chen CPC. Determining the Most Suitable Ultrasound-Guided Injection Technique in Treating Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3308. [PMID: 38137529 PMCID: PMC10741858 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lower back pain is often caused by lumbar facet joint syndrome. This study investigated the effectiveness of three different injection methods under ultrasound guidance in treating elderly patients with lumbar facet joint syndrome. The difficulty in performing these injections was also evaluated; (2) Methods: A total of 60 elderly patients with facet joint syndrome as the cause of lower back pain were recruited and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 received medial branch block (MBB). Group 2 received intra-articular facet joint injections. Group 3 received injection into the multifidus muscle portion that covers the facet joint. Five percent dextrose water (D5W) was used as the injectant. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure the degree of lower back pain; (3) Results: Before the injection treatments, the VAS score averaged about 7.5. After three consecutive injection treatments (two weeks interval), the VAS score decreased significantly to an average of about 1 in all 3 groups, representing mild to no pain. Between group analyses also did not reveal significant statistical differences, suggesting that these procedures are equally effective; (4) Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided injection of the multifidus muscle may be a feasible option in treating elderly patients with lower back pain caused by facet joint syndrome as it is easier to perform as compared to MBB and intra-articular facet joint injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areerat Suputtitada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Jean-Lon Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33343, Taiwan; (J.-L.C.); (C.-K.W.); (Y.-N.P.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chih-Kuan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33343, Taiwan; (J.-L.C.); (C.-K.W.); (Y.-N.P.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yu-Ning Peng
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33343, Taiwan; (J.-L.C.); (C.-K.W.); (Y.-N.P.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Yun Yen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33343, Taiwan; (J.-L.C.); (C.-K.W.); (Y.-N.P.); (T.-Y.Y.)
| | - Carl P. C. Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33343, Taiwan; (J.-L.C.); (C.-K.W.); (Y.-N.P.); (T.-Y.Y.)
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Cheng Z, Li Y, Li M, Huang J, Huang J, Liang Y, Lu S, Liang C, Xing T, Su K, Wen G, Zeng W, Huang L. Correlation between posterior paraspinal muscle atrophy and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with chronic low back pain. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:793-801. [PMID: 36352306 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although enormous studies have been devoted to solving the problem of intervertebral disc degeneration/herniation, little attention is paid to the effect of paraspinal muscles on it. We aimed to investigate the correlation between paraspinal muscle atrophy and lumbar disc degeneration to recognize paraspinal muscle atrophy and its importance to the spine. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study (65 females, 42 males; age 50.87 ± 15.391 years old). Cross-sectional area, functional cross-sectional area, and fatty infiltration of the posterior paraspinal muscles were measured at the level of L4/5, and the degree of facet joint degeneration was evaluated at the levels of L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 by MRI. After controlling the confounding factors by multiple linear regression, the correlations among paraspinal muscle atrophy, disc degeneration, and facet joint degeneration were analyzed. Meanwhile, Pearson/Spearson rank analysis was used to analyze the correlation between clinical symptoms (VAS and ODI) and paraspinal muscle atrophy. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between paraspinal muscle atrophy and disc degeneration after controlling the confounding factors (p < 0.05, R > 0.5). There was a weak correlation between paraspinal muscle atrophy and facet joint degeneration (p < 0.05, R < 0.5). There was a significant correlation between facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration (p < 0.05, R > 0.7). The fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscle was weakly correlated with ODI (p < 0.05, R < 0.3), but VAS was not. CONCLUSIONS The degree of paraspinal muscle atrophy increased with lumbar disc degeneration and facet joint degeneration and fatty infiltration of multifidus was more susceptible to weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junshen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixin Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Changchun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kaihui Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guoming Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Weike Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Du R, Xu G, Bai X, Li Z. Facet Joint Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3689-3710. [PMID: 36474960 PMCID: PMC9719706 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s389602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Facet joint osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent form of facet joint syndrome. Medical history, referred pain patterns, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging studies (standard radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography) may suggest but not confirm lumbar facet joint (LFJ) syndrome as a source of low back pain (LBP). However, the diagnosis and treatment of facet joint syndrome is still controversial and needs further study. It is widely acknowledged that block with local anesthetic is perhaps the most effective method to establish a diagnosis of pain from LFJ. Particularly, there are different rates of success among different populations selected for diagnostic block with various positive criteria. Currently, in addition to conservative treatments for pain such as painkillers, functional exercises, and massage, there are many other methods, including block, denervation of the nerves that innervate the joints by radiofrequency, freezing or endoscopy, and injections. Due to the limited duration of pain relief from neurolysis of medial branch, many scholars have recently turned their targets to dorsal roots and LFJ capsules. Therefore, we reviewed the latest research progress of facet joint syndrome from diagnosis to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Du
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xujue Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
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Degenerative Disc Disease of the Spine: From Anatomy to Pathophysiology and Radiological Appearance, with Morphological and Functional Considerations. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111810. [PMID: 36579533 PMCID: PMC9698646 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease is a common manifestation in routine imaging of the spine; this finding is partly attributable to physiological aging and partly to a pathological condition, and sometimes this distinction is simply not clear. In this review, we start focusing on disc anatomy and pathophysiology and try to correlate them with radiological aspects. Furthermore, there is a special focus on degenerative disc disease terminology, and, finally, some considerations regarding disc morphology and its specific function, as well as the way in which these aspects change in degenerative disease. Radiologists, clinicians and spine surgeons should be familiar with these aspects since they have an impact on everyday clinical practice.
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Tiwari P, Kaur H, Jha V, Bansal N. Chronology of disc degeneration and facet joint arthritis in lumbar spine is variable - A CT based cross-sectional study. J Orthop Sci 2022; 27:1197-1202. [PMID: 34412964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The notion that disc degeneration (DD) always precedes facet joint arthritis (FJA) has held sway for many decades. However, it is not always the case. We hypothesized that DD is not always the first offender studied the prevalence of isolated DD and isolated FJA in the lumbar spine. METHODS Inter-vertebral discs and bilateral facet joints of lumbar spines of 135 participants were graded. The participants were divided into one of the four categories. 'No degeneration,' 'Isolated disc degeneration without facet joint arthritis,' 'Combined disc degeneration and facet joint arthritis,' and 'Isolated facet joint arthritis without disc degeneration.' Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the predictive factors for spinal degeneration using FJA as a dependent variable while age, sex, BMI, smoking history, and DD as predictor variables. RESULTS The majority of participants had isolated FJA 64 (47.4%). Combined DD and FJA were noted in 32 (23.7%), isolated DD in 8 (5.9%), while 31(23%) had no degeneration. Only age was found to be significantly contributing to the prediction model in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our study shows that spinal degeneration may begin either in the disc or in the facet joints depending upon the aetiological factors. It is a vicious circle that may be entered at any point, FJA or DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Tiwari
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Jha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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10
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Wang JW, Shi PZ, Zhu XD, Zhu L, Feng XM, Zhang WJ, Zhang L. Influence of the facet joint angle on facet joint degeneration following pedicle screw fixation without fusion in thoracolumbar fractures. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 36:337-346. [PMID: 36278333 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion is widely used in the treatment of neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of the facet joint (FJ) angle on FJ degeneration following posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion in neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS Fifty-eight patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation via the traditional posterior approach (n= 28) or the Wiltse approach (n= 30) were enrolled. A CT scan was performed before fixation and before fixation removal (Within 1.5 to 2 years after fixation) to evaluate the FJs parameters, including FJ inclination (FJI), FJ tropism (FJT), FJ violation, and FJ degeneration grade (FJDG), of three fixed segments and the adjacent segment below the fixed segments. RESULTS There was no significant difference in FJ violation rate, FJDG deterioration, or FJ angle between the two groups (P> 0.05). FJDG deterioration showed a weak positive correlation with FJI and FJT before fixation, and the angular change in FJI (P< 0.05); and FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION The Wiltse approach did not increase the rate of FJDG deterioration and FJs angle changes. However, the FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Shi
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Zhuang Hospital, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Eroglu A, Eroglu A. Evaluation the association of facet tropism in multi-sports athletes with cervical disc hernia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:615. [PMID: 35761220 PMCID: PMC9235094 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Facet tropism (FT) can be defined as the angular difference between the orientation of the right and left facet joints in axial or sagittal planes. Most studies discuss about the relationship with lumbar disc hernia and facet joint angle. However, little is known about the association of facet tropism with disc herniation in the cervical spine in multisports athletes. In this study, We aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical facet tropism and disc hernia in athletes of different branches between the ages of 20–40 from the cervical MR images of the cases. Methods This is a retrospective study performed on athletes who applied our hospital between January 2014–2019 with neck pain and have MR imaging of the cervical spine. Cervical MR images of the patients were evaluated by an experienced radiologist from the hospital system database and archives. 79 cases (52 men and 27 women) were included in the study. Results No statistically significant difference was found between the facet joint angles of both groups at all levels (p˃0.05). Only left C6-7 disc angles of CDH group were measured as 92.99° ± 10.770 (620–1130) and 88.58° ± 7.65° (67°-110°) for the normal group and this difference was found statistically significant (p = 0.007). Conclusion In this study, we did not predict that cervical facet tropism may be a factor associated with cervical disc hernia in young athletes with CDH.
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Distribution Patterns of Degeneration of the Lumbar Spine in a Cohort of 200 Patients with an Indication for Lumbar MRI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063721. [PMID: 35329406 PMCID: PMC8951543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lower back pain is one of the most common causes of a reduced quality of life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best suited imaging technique to detect causes of that pain. We retrospectively evaluated the MRIs of the lumbar spine for 200 patients in order to describe the distribution of signs of degeneration with regard to age, sex, and position of the disc affected. The number of spinal segments affected by degeneration increased with age, as did the number of signs of degeneration per segment. In patients aged between 21 and 30, 38.8% of discs were affected, while for patients aged between 51 and 60, 91.6% of discs were affected. There was no statistically significant gender difference. The lower two segments were most commonly affected by degeneration. The most common were structural changes to the discs, which affected 88.4% of patients over 50. Spondylosis was the most common bone-related change, found in 60.4% of patients over the age of 50. A reduction in disc height increases the likelihood of structural changes to the disc and bone-related changes. When investigating risk factors for developing disc-related diseases, the complex disc degeneration patterns described here should be taken into account.
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Tisot RA, Vieira JSL, Collares DDS, Sallet MB, Matos AGD, Buchner A, Klein BD, Rovadoscki CP, Polli F, Santos L, Viegas L, Bottega LM, Borelli N, Cavedon P, Silveira RMD, Milani T, Mecca V. EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMATIC DEGENERATIVE LUMBAR STENOSIS WITH PROBABLE DETERMINING FACTORS. COLUNA/COLUMNA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120222104262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate degenerative lumbar stenosis in symptomatic patients submitted to surgeryand the correlation between probable determining factors. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study in which themagnetic resonance images of 73 patients with degenerative stenosis,who underwent surgeries involving 141 levels performed by a single surgeon at the Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo from 2015 to 2018, were evaluated. The patients were stratified by the degree of facet tropism, facet arthrosis, disc degeneration, and operated side, as well as by epidemiological data such as age, sex, etc. Tropism was measured using the Karacan method and evaluated numerically and categorically. Disc degeneration was classified by Pfirrmann and facet arthrosis by Weishaupt. To analyze and obtain the results, the Chi-square test and ANOVA were used with the SPSS statistical program, version 18.0. Results: Statistical significance was found in the relationship between facet tropism and disc degeneration (p=0.026) at the L4-L5 level. No correlation was found between tropism and facet arthrosis (p=0.161) or tropism and the operated side (p=0.573). Conclusion: The degree of tropism directly influences disc degeneration and greater asymmetries are related to more severe degenerations. Although tropism has not shown a statistically significant correlation with the operated side (p=0.573), it is believed that further studies should be carried out on this correlation. Level of evidence II; Retrospective study.
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Yuan HJ, Wang CY, Wang YF. Endoscopic joint capsule and articular process excision to treat lumbar facet joint syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8545-8551. [PMID: 34754866 PMCID: PMC8554426 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar facet joint syndrome (LFJS) is a pain condition arising from lumbar facet joint diseases. Treatments of LFJS includes patient education, oral medication, bed rest, physical therapy, and procedural interventions. For some refractory cases that fail conservative therapies, dorsal ramus medial brunch radiofrequency ablation is warranted. However, as nerve fibers can regenerate, their efficacy is impermanent, and the recurrence rate is relatively high. Considering synovial impingement is a paramount pathogenesis of LFJS, in this case, we removed the culprit hyperplastic articular capsule and the articular process partially through a spinal endoscope. As the culprit hyperplastic joint capsule was excised, it is supposed to generate more prolonged efficacy and a lower recurrence rate than radiofrequency treatment.
CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old female patient was diagnosed with LFJS. She complained of low back pain and right buttock pain for half a year. The patient was placed in the prone position. After disinfection and draping, a 25-cm 18-gauge needle was inserted into the dorsal surface of the right L5 articular process. Subsequently, a guidewire, dilating tubes, and a working cannula was inserted successively. The spinal endoscope was positioned in the working cannula. Under the endoscope, the microvascular tissue, muscle tissue attached on the L5 inferior articular process and S1 superior articular process, as well as the capsule and minor portion of the inferior articular process were removed. After the joint space was clear and no bleeding points existed, the endoscope and working cannula were shifted, and the incision was sutured. After treatment, the symptoms were completely relieved. The patient was pain-free during the follow-up period of 6 mo.
CONCLUSION The endoscopic partial joint capsule and articular process excision is an effective procedure for LFJS, especially for cases caused by synovial impingement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Yuan
- Department of Pain Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Branch, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201599, China
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15
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Surgical treatment of facet syndrome in segmental instability of the lumbar spine. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Deep Learning-Based Denoised MRI Images for Correlation Analysis between Lumbar Facet Joint and Lumbar Disc Herniation in Spine Surgery. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9687591. [PMID: 34367542 PMCID: PMC8346317 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9687591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore the relationship between spine surgery lumbar facet joint (LFJ) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) via compressed sensing algorithm-based MRI images to analyze the clinical symptoms of patients with residual neurological symptoms after LDH. Under weighted BM3D denoising, Epigraph method was introduced to establish the novel CSMRI reconstruction algorithm (BEMRI). 127 patients with LDH were taken as the research objects. The BEMRI algorithm was compared with others regarding peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM). Patients' bilateral LFJ angles were compared. The relationships between LFJ angles, lumbar disc degeneration, and LFJ degeneration were analyzed. It turned out that the PSNR and SSIM of BEMRI algorithm were evidently superior to those of other algorithms. The proportion of patients with grade IV degeneration was at most 31.76%. Lumbar disc grading was positively correlated with change grading of LFJ degeneration (P < 0.001). LFJ asymmetry was positively correlated with LFJ degeneration grade and LDH (P < 0.001). Incidence of residual neurological symptoms in patients aged 61–70 years was as high as 63.77%. The proportion of patients with severe urinary excretion disorders was 71.96%. Therefore, the BEMRI algorithm improved the quality of MRI images. Degeneration of LDH was positively correlated with degeneration of LFJ. Asymmetry of LFJ was notably positively correlated with the degeneration of LFJ and LDH. Patients aged 61–70 years had a high incidence of residual neurological symptoms after surgery, most of which were manifested as urinary excretion disorders.
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Li F, Zhan X, Xi X, Zeng Z, Ma B, Xie N, Zhu R, Tsai TY, Li G, Yu Y, Cheng L. Do the positioning variables of the cage contribute to adjacent facet joint degeneration? Radiological and clinical analysis following intervertebral fusion. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:776. [PMID: 34268389 PMCID: PMC8246202 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Compared to other risk factors, adjacent facet joint degeneration (AFD) is the main contributor to adjacent segment disease (ASD). The interbody cage may be a potential indirect risk of AFD. This study investigated the correlations among the lumbar sagittal balance parameters, the inter-body cage's intraoperative positioning variables, and adjacent facet joint degeneration following the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique. Methods Patients who accepted single-level TLIF for symptomatic lumbar degenerative disease and were followed up for at least six months were enrolled in this study. According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, 93 patients were included (44 males and 49 females). X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images were obtained before and six months after surgery. The vertebral contour and the center of the marker mass in the cage were calculated using a geometric algorithm. Orthopedic surgeons measured the disc height, lordosis angle, and facet joint degeneration. Patient-reported outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the visual analog scale (VAS), were used to assess the clinical outcomes. The Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Chi-square test were used for the statistical analyses. Results The average age was 53.7 years old (range, 27–84 years). The average functional disability outcome assessed by the ODI was 61.2, and the average back and leg pain assessed by the VAS was 6.2 and 6.9, respectively. The patients were categorized into a normal group and an abnormal (AFD) group according to whether the facet joint degeneration was aggravated. The abnormal group had a higher back pain VAS score (P=0.031) and lower sagittal vertical position (P=0.027). The other parameters were similar at baseline (P>0.05). The cage’s sagittal vertical position decreased significantly with AFD aggravation (OR, 0.737; 95% CI, 0.561–0.969). Conclusions In patients with AFD aggravation, the preoperative VAS and postoperative ODI scores were significantly higher. The cage position parameters were related to AFD. A lower cage center was associated with a greater incidence of AFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Jiangqiao Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoan Li
- Orthopedic Bioengineering Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Newton-Wellesley, Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Caetano AP, Mascarenhas VV, Machado PM. Axial Spondyloarthritis: Mimics and Pitfalls of Imaging Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:658538. [PMID: 33968964 PMCID: PMC8100693 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that predominantly involves the axial skeleton. Imaging findings of axSpA can be divided into active changes, which include bone marrow edema, synovitis, enthesitis, capsulitis, and intra-articular effusion, and structural changes, which include erosions, sclerosis, bone fatty infiltration, fat deposition in an erosion cavity, and bone bridging or ankylosis. The ability to distinguish between imaging lesions suggestive of axSpA and artifacts or lesions suggestive of other disorders is critical for the accurate diagnosis of axSpA. Diagnosis may be challenging, particularly in early-stage disease and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the detection of subtle or inflammatory changes. MRI also allows the detection of structural changes in the subchondral bone marrow that are not visible on conventional radiography and is of prognostic and monitoring value. However, bone structural changes are more accurately depicted using computed tomography. Conventional radiography, on the other hand, has limitations, but it is easily accessible and may provide insight on gross changes as well as rule out other pathological features of the axial skeleton. This review outlines the imaging evaluation of axSpA with a focus on imaging mimics and potential pitfalls when assessing the axial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Proença Caetano
- Radiology Department, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vasco V Mascarenhas
- Musculoskeletal Imaging Unit, Grupo Luz Saúde, Radiology Department, Imaging Center, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal.,EpiDoC Unit, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Rheumatology, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Biomechanical Model Study of the Effect of Partial Facetectomy on Lumbar Stability Under Percutaneous Endoscopy. World Neurosurg 2020; 139:e255-e264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kimura T, Kimura S, Okada J, Suzuki S, Kitanaka T. Retrospective Radiographic Study of Degenerative Joint Disease in Cats: Prevalence Based on Orthogonal Radiographs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32296718 PMCID: PMC7141235 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline degenerative joint disease (DJD) has been reported worldwide. Radiographic evidence, including that from single-plane radiographs, has been used for diagnosis in these reports, though orthogonal radiographs are generally required to diagnose DJD. However, more orthogonal radiographs are required for diagnosis. In this study, we investigated how many orthogonal radiographs are necessary to diagnose feline DJD among domestic short-haired cats. We analyzed the data from 101 cats for which the owners requested screening for arthritis. Orthogonal radiographs of appendicular and intervertebral joints were taken from the chest to the caudal side. Radiographs were then reviewed and graded by severity of DJD in each joint. Radiographic evidence of appendicular DJD was detected in 74.26% of 101 cats, of which 40.59% had intervertebral DJD (typically of the lumbosacral joint). Appendicular DJD was most common in elbow joints. Lameness was recognized by an owner of two cats and was diagnosed by a veterinarian in two cats. No obvious pain was detected on palpation in any cats with appendicular osteoarthritis, but lumbosacral DJD was associated with back pain in seven cases. Aging was associated with radiographic evidence of DJD: radiographic evidence of DJD was observed in most older domestic short-haired cats. Most cases without lumbosacral DJD had no obvious symptoms. As the lifespan of cats increases due to better lifestyles, diet, and medical treatment, lumbosacral DJD, which is more likely in older cats, may become an increasingly important clinical problem. In addition, orthogonal radiograph must be taken to make diagnosis for appendicular joint DJD especially hip and stifle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taku Kitanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University, Kanagawa Ward, Japan
- *Correspondence: Taku Kitanaka
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