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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Liu M, Duan YJ, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wei B, Wang J. Prognostic Value of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3alpha (MIP3-Alpha) and Severity Scores in Elderly Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1503-1509. [PMID: 38476471 PMCID: PMC10929558 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examines the effectiveness of MIP-3alpha and severity scores in determining the prognosis of elderly sepsis patients. Methods From October 2020 to April 2021, a total of 171 elderly sepsis patients were admitted to the Emergency Department of the Shijingshan Branch of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University. According to the 28-day mortality rate, they were divided into two groups: survivors (48 cases) and deaths (123 cases). At admission, severity scores which are the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were calculated. The logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors associated with 28-day mortality in elderly sepsis patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of MIP-3alpha, SOFA, and APACHE II in the evaluation of 28-day mortality in elderly sepsis patients. Results MIP-3alpha, SOFA and APACHE II of the death group were significantly higher than those of the survival group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MIP-3alpha, SOFA, APACHE II, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality of senile sepsis (P < 0.05). Analysis of the ROC curve revealed that MIP-3alpha, SOFA, APACHE II had predictive value for the 28-day prognosis of senile sepsis (all P < 0.01). Combing with MIP-3alpha and SOFA showed better predictive ability (Z1 = 3.733, Z2 = 2.996, both P < 0.01), compared to detecting MIP-3alpha and SOFA alone. Conclusion In senile sepsis, MIP-3alpha, SOFA, APACHE II and SBP are independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. The combination of MIP-3alpha and SOFA can further enhance the predictive value of 28-day mortality in patients with senile sepsis and provide some reference value for the evaluation and treatment of senile sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jiao Duan
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Clinical Center for Medicine in Acute Infection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Lu F, Zhao X, Nie Z, He B. The prognostic values of FOXP3 + tumor-infiltrating T cells in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:1830-1843. [PMID: 36692642 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment is infiltrated by many immune cells, of which Regulatory T (Treg) cells are usually considered as negative regulators of the immune responses. However, the effect of FOXP3+ (forkhead box transcription factor 3) Treg cells infiltrated into the tumor areas on the prognosis of breast cancer is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to dissect the potential values of FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognosis predictor of breast cancer. METHODS After systematic retrieval of all relevant studies, 28 eligible articles were identified for meta-analysis. Odd ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for pooled analyses of pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and corresponding forest plots and funnel plots were plotted, respectively. RESULTS Pooled results revealed that patients with higher levels of FOXP3+ TILs experienced better pCR (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.41) and OS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97). Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated FOXP3+ TILs were significantly associated with improved pCR (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.40) and OS (HR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.88) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. Furthermore, FOXP3+ TILs in the stromal area were statistically correlated with the favorable pCR (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38) and OS (HR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.96). CONCLUSIONS The predictive role of FOXP3+ TILs in the prognosis of breast cancer is influenced by various factors such as molecular subtype of breast cancer and the location of Treg. In HER2+ breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, FOXP3+ TILs are associated with better pCR and OS. Additionally, FOXP3+ TILs in stromal represent a favourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Sun
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghong Zhao
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bangshun He
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
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Kwantwi LB, Wang S, Sheng Y, Wu Q. Multifaceted roles of CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20): mechanisms and communication networks in breast cancer progression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6923-6934. [PMID: 34569432 PMCID: PMC8806797 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1974765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have demonstrated notable roles of CCL20 in breast cancer progression. Based on these findings, CCL20 has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Accordingly, studies utilizing monoclonal antibodies to target CCL20 are currently being experimented. However, the existence of cytokine network in the tumor microenvironment collectively regulates tumor progression. Hence, a deeper understanding of the role of CCL20 and the underlying signaling pathways regulating the functions of CCL20 may provide a novel strategy for therapeutic interventions. This review provides the current knowledge on how CCL20 interacts with breast cancer cells to influence tumor progression via immunosuppression, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration/invasion and chemoresistance. As a possible candidate biomarker, we also reviewed signal pathways and other factors in the tumor microenvironment regulating the tumor-promoting functions of CCL20.These new insights may be useful to design new potent and selective CCL20 inhibitors against breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Youjing Sheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Role of FoxP3-positive regulatory T-cells in regressive and progressive cervical dysplasia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:377-386. [PMID: 34739585 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FoxP3) is known as a key mediator in the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). The aim of our study was to investigate whether FoxP3-positive Tregs have the potential to act as an independent predictor in progression as well as in regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, especially in patients with intermediate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II). METHODS Nuclear FoxP3 expression was immunohistochemically analysed in 169 patient samples (CIN I, CIN II with regressive course, CIN II with progressive course, CIN III). The median numbers were calculated for each slide and correlated with the histological CIN grade. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 26 (Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation). RESULTS An increased FoxP3 expression in CIN II with progression could be detected in comparison to CIN II with regression (p = 0.003). Total FoxP3 expression (epithelium and dysplasia-connected stroma) was higher in more advanced CIN grades (p < 0.001 for CIN I vs. CIN II; p = 0.227 for CIN II vs. CIN III). A positive correlation could be detected between FoxP3-positive cells in epithelium and total FoxP3 expression (Spearman's Rho: 0,565; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Expression of FoxP3 could be a helpful predictive factor to assess the risks of CIN II progression. As a prognosticator for regression and progression in cervical intraepithelial lesions it might thereby help in the decision process regarding surgical treatment vs. watchful waiting strategy to prevent conisation-associated risks for patients in child-bearing age. In addition, the findings support the potential of Tregs as a target for immune therapy in cervical cancer patients.
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Ramirez-Valles EG, Rodríguez-Pulido A, Barraza-Salas M, Martínez-Velis I, Meneses-Morales I, Ayala-García VM, Alba-Fierro CA. A Quest for New Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prediction Biomarkers and Their Use in Biosensors Development. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820957033. [PMID: 33107395 PMCID: PMC7607814 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820957033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional techniques for cancer diagnosis, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasound and tissue analysis, require sophisticated devices and highly trained personnel, which are characterized by elevated operation costs. The use of biomarkers has emerged as an alternative for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction because their measurement in tissues or fluids, such as blood, urine or saliva, is characterized by shorter processing times. However, the biomarkers used currently, and the techniques used for their measurement, including ELISA, western-blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunohistochemistry, possess low sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the search for new proteomic, genomic or immunological biomarkers and the development of new noninvasive, easier and cheaper techniques that meet the sensitivity and specificity criteria for the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of this disease has become a relevant topic. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the search for new cancer biomarkers, including the strategies that must be followed to identify them, as well as presenting the latest advances in the development of biosensors that possess a high potential for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction, mainly focusing on their relevance in lung, prostate and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda G Ramirez-Valles
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | | | - Marcelo Barraza-Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Isaac Martínez-Velis
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Iván Meneses-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Ayala-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Alba-Fierro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Dgo, Mexico
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Koike K, Dehari H, Ogi K, Shimizu S, Nishiyama K, Sonoda T, Sasaki T, Sasaya T, Tsuchihashi K, Hasegawa T, Torigoe T, Hiratsuka H, Miyazaki A. Prognostic value of FoxP3 and CTLA-4 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237465. [PMID: 32785290 PMCID: PMC7423125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes include tumor-reactive lymphocytes and regulatory T-cells. However, the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the presence of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3⁺ T-cells and CTLA-4⁺ cells in four distinct histological compartments (tumor parenchyma and stroma at the tumor center, and parenchyma and stroma at the invasive front) and assessed the association between the prevalence of these cells and the histopathological status of 137 patients with OSCC. Results Five-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival were favorable in patients with high numbers of FoxP3⁺ T-cells in the parenchyma of the invasive front. Recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival were decreased in patients with high numbers of CTLA-4⁺ cells in the parenchyma of the invasive front. Conclusions The presence of FoxP3⁺ T-cells in the parenchyma of the invasive front may be a useful prognostic factor. Our results indicate that FoxP3⁺ T-cells may exert site-specific anti-tumor effects but may not play an immunosuppressive role in OSCC. In addition, our results suggest that CTLA-4+ cells suppress the function of FoxP3+ T-cells and promote anti‐tumor immunity in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Koike
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironari Dehari
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Shimizu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sonoda
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaya
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Hiratsuka
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Toya Kyokai Hospital, Toyako-cho, Abuta-gun, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Cui WL, Feng ZY, Xue J, Gulinaer A, Zhang W. Expression of Foxp3 and interleukin-7 receptor and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2755-2764. [PMID: 32218828 PMCID: PMC7068468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most specific biomarker on the surface of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is the forkhead/wingeded-helix protein 3 (Foxp3). In contrast, the expression of interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is low or negative in Tregs. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DLBCL and their association with overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R on routinely processed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. The χ2 test was used to analyse the association between the expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DLBCL. Survival curves were used to investigate the effect of Foxp3 and IL-7R on patient prognosis. The results demonstrated that high Foxp3 expression in tissue was associated with non- germinal centre B-cell (GCB)-type disease (P=0.012), International Prognostic Index score >0 (P=0.012), stage 3 or 4 tumour (P=0.045) and disease progression and stabilization period (P=0.032). In addition, IL-7R expression was associated with non-GCB-type disease (P=0.001) and extranodal lymphoma (P=0.008). Furthermore, expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R was not associated with OS (P=0.447 and P=0.201, respectively). Foxp3 and IL-7R expression in non-GCB-type lymphoma was significantly higher compared with that in GCB lymphoma. The expression of Foxp3 and IL-7R may therefore help the development of individualized treatment, prognostic prediction and therapy stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Li Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yin Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Abulajiang Gulinaer
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
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