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Villumsen BR, Frystyk J, Jørgensen MG, Hørdam B, Borre M. Exergaming Improves Cardiac Risk Factors in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2024; 13:93-99. [PMID: 37917926 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may induce unfavorable changes in metabolic outcomes, insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and in serum levels of adipocyte-derived hormones. In this preplanned randomized ancillary study, we aimed to investigate the ability of exercise to counteract alterations in triglyceride, cholesterol, waist circumference, and insulin caused by ADT in men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: Forty-six PCa patients undergoing treatment were randomized to 12 weeks of 180 minutes of weekly unsupervised home-based exergaming or usual care. Blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, insulin sensitivity, and the insulin growth factor axis were measured at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks. Biomarkers were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model of the difference between the groups from baseline to week 24. In addition, blood pressure, body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks/end of intervention and analyzed using adjusted linear regression analysis. Results: After 24 weeks, a significant difference was seen between the intervention and usual care groups in plasma triglyceride (diff: 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; diff: 0.2 mmol/L, P = 0.01) favoring the intervention group, whereas IGF-binding protein-3 (diff: 148 μg/L, P = 0.01) favored the usual care group. The remaining outcomes were unaffected. Conclusion: Improvement in HDL cholesterol could be used as a primary biomarker in future randomized controlled trials investigating the cardiovascular protecting properties of exergaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta R Villumsen
- Department of Urology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Martin Grønbech Jørgensen
- Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Britta Hørdam
- Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Spanoudaki M, Giaginis C, Karafyllaki D, Papadopoulos K, Solovos E, Antasouras G, Sfikas G, Papadopoulos AN, Papadopoulou SK. Exercise as a Promising Agent against Cancer: Evaluating Its Anti-Cancer Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5135. [PMID: 37958310 PMCID: PMC10648074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cases are continuously increasing, while the prevalence rates of physical inactivity are also continuously increasing. Physical inactivity is a causative factor in non-communicable diseases, including cancer. However, the potential beneficial effects of exercise on cancer treatment have not received much attention so far. The aim of this study was to highlight the relationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis. METHODS Comprehensive and in-depth research was conducted in the most accurate scientific databases by using relevant and effective keywords. RESULTS The mechanisms by which exercise may reduce cancer risk and/or progression may include the metabolic profile of hormones, systemic inflammation reduction, insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant capacity augmentation, the boost to the immune system, and the direct effect on the tumor. There is currently substantial evidence that the effect of exercise may predict a stronger association with cancer and could supplementarily be embedded in cancer clinical practice to improve disease progression and prognosis. CONCLUSION The field of this study requires interconnecting the overall knowledge of exercise physiology with cancer biology and cancer clinical oncology to provide the basis for personalized targeting strategies that can be merged with training as a component of a holistic co-treatment approach to optimize cancer healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Karafyllaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece;
| | | | - Evangelos Solovos
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Georgios Sfikas
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Athanasios N. Papadopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (A.N.P.); (S.K.P.)
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Zhou Y, Jia N, Ding M, Yuan K. Effects of exercise on inflammatory factors and IGF system in breast cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:507. [PMID: 36482346 PMCID: PMC9730577 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are multiple hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on the postoperative inflammatory factors and the IGF system among breast cancer patients, especially. To determine the underlying mechanisms, prevent the recurrence of breast cancer and improve its prognosis, this paper will systematically evaluate the impact of exercise on inflammatory factors and the IGF system in breast cancer survivors. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP (Chinese scientific and technical journals) databases were systematically searched until April 2021. The search terms included 'exercise', 'inflammatory factor', 'IGF system' and 'breast cancer'. A total of 1066 relevant articles were retrieved. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as study population, intervention method and type of experiment, and 11 articles were ultimately included. All statistical results were analysed using STATA 14.0 and Rstudio 4.1.1. RESULTS We found that exercise significantly reduced the level of IGF-1 (WMD, -19.947 ng/ml; 95% CI, -22.669 to -17.225; P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis showed that in the studies with an intervention period > 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -0.761 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.369 to -0.153; p = 0.014), while in the studies with an intervention period ≤ 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced CRP (WMD, -2.381 mg/L; 95% CI, -4.835 to 0.073, P = 0.001) and IL-10 levels (WMD, -7.141 pg/ml, 95% CI, -10.853 to -3.428; P = 0.000). In addition, aerobic exercise plus resistance training significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -1.474 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.653 to -1.296; P = 0.000). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that after excluding the studies with high heterogeneity, exercise significantly reduced the TNF-α levels in patients with breast cancer (WMD, -1.399 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.718 to -1.080; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Exercise reduces the postoperative levels of IGF-1, IL-6, CRP, IL-10 and TNF-α among patients with breast cancer, which may have a significant impact on inhibiting breast cancer recurrence and improving its prognosis. Future studies should examine the effects of different durations and types of exercise to develop individualized exercise prescriptions for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Ningxin Jia
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Meng Ding
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Kai Yuan
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 262799 Shandong China
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The Combined Clinical Diagnosis of TNF-α, TSH, and p185 Protein in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4885378. [PMID: 35783155 PMCID: PMC9242784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4885378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and c-erbB-2 oncogene protein product P185 in different pathological stages of breast cancer and to analyze their combined clinical diagnosis of breast cancer significance. Methods 67 breast cancer patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to September 2020 were set as the breast cancer group and were divided into stages I, II, III, and IV according to clinicopathology. In addition, 55 patients with benign breasts who were admitted to the hospital at the same time were selected as the benign breast group, and 60 healthy people in our hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy group. The differences between serum TNF-α, TSH, and p185 protein positive rate in 3 groups and the levels of TNF-α and TSH and p185 protein positive rate in patients with different pathological characteristics were compared and analyzed, and the differences between the combined detection and the single detection were analyzed. Results Compared with the benign breast group and the healthy group, the serum levels of TNF-α (44.61 ± 12.54 versus 29.75 ± 10.19 versus 56.87 ± 15.36 versus 102.37 ± 15.36), TSH (0.98 ± 0.13 versus 0.94 ± 0.17 versus 1.17 ± 0.24 versus 1.22 ± 0.15) and p185 protein positive rate were higher in the I-II and III-IV groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). TNF-α detection sensitivity was 44.74%, specificity was 62.06%, which was higher than p185 sensitivity of 31.01%, specificity of 49.78%, higher than TSH sensitivity of 27.51%, specificity of 39.77%. At the same time, the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of TNF-α, TSH, and p185 protein were 67.35% and 70.41%, which were significantly higher than the sensitivity and specificity of single detection, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion TNF-α, TSH, and p185 protein are expected to be used as auxiliary basis for diagnosis in the future. But in general, the serum indexes in this study had low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of breast cancer, which limited their diagnostic function in clinical use.
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Han JK, Kim G. Role of physical exercise in modulating the insulin-like growth factor system for improving breast cancer outcomes: A meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111435. [PMID: 34098007 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity prevents cancer and improves cancer outcomes. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, there are heterogeneous results regarding physical activity and its effect on the IGF system. This study meta-analyzed the results of randomized clinical trials which evaluated the effects of physical exercise on the changes of physiologic markers to identify the role of physical exercise in modulating the IGF system in women with breast cancer. METHODS PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until October 2020. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of physical exercise on the insulin-like growth factor system among women with breast cancer. RESULTS Twelve randomized controlled studies involving 736 participants were analyzed. Physical exercise significantly reduced levels of serum insulin (MD -1.24 μIU/mL, 95% CI -2.12 to -0.36, p = 0.006), IGF-II (MD -54.21 ng/mL, 95% CI -61.41 to -47.00, p < 0.00001), IGFBP-1 (MD -2.90 ng/mL, 95% CI -3.91 to -1.90, p < 0.00001), and HOMA score (MD -0.47, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.06, p = 0.02). In addition, serum glucose (MD -0.71 mg/dL, 95% CI -2.57 to 1.15; p = 0.45) and IGF-I levels (MD -5.23 ng/mL, 95% CI -13.00 to 2.53; p = 0.19) were decreased after physical exercise although they did not show a statistical significance. CONCLUSION Physical exercise had a positive effect on the IGF system in women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Kyue Han
- College of Sport Science, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gangmi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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Febvey-Combes O, Jobard E, Rossary A, Pialoux V, Foucaut AM, Morelle M, Delrieu L, Martin A, Caldefie-Chézet F, Touillaud M, Berthouze SE, Boumaza H, Elena-Herrmann B, Bachmann P, Trédan O, Vasson MP, Fervers B. Effects of an Exercise and Nutritional Intervention on Circulating Biomarkers and Metabolomic Profiling During Adjuvant Treatment for Localized Breast Cancer: Results From the PASAPAS Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1534735420977666. [PMID: 33655799 PMCID: PMC7934026 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420977666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychological conditions during cancer therapy, but mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of cancer-related biomarkers and metabolomics outcomes from the PASAPAS feasibility study. Methods: In the PASAPAS randomized controlled trial, 61 women beginning adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer were randomized in a 6-month program of weekly aerobic exercises associated with nutritional counseling versus usual care with nutritional counseling. In the present analysis of 58 women for whom blood samples were available, first, circulating levels of biomarkers (ie, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, estradiol, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Changes in biomarkers were compared between exercisers (n = 40) and controls (n = 18) using mixed-effect models. Second, serum metabolites were studied using an untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and orthogonal partial least squares analyses were performed to discriminate exercisers and controls at baseline and at 6 months. Results: Over the 6-month intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between exercisers and controls regarding changes in biomarkers and metabolomic profiles. Conclusion: The present analysis of the PASAPAS feasibility trial did not reveal any improvement in circulating biomarkers nor identified metabolic signatures in exercisers versus controls during adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Larger studies preferably in women with poor physical activity level to avoid ceiling effect, testing different doses and types of exercise on additional biological pathways, could allow to clarify the mechanisms mediating beneficial effects of physical exercise during cancer treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331772. Registered 8 April 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01331772?term=pasapas&rank=1
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Jobard
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lidia Delrieu
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Marina Touillaud
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Inserm UA8, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Jean Perrin Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France.,Inserm UA8, Lyon, France
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