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Niazi S, Dhubhghaill SN, Doroodgar F, Gatzioufas Z, Dehghan MH. Insight into small eyes: a practical description from phenotypes presentations to the management. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:380-391. [PMID: 38371260 PMCID: PMC10827624 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.02.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aimed to have an algorithmic approach to microphthalmos by a systematic search. The definition can be related to a number of special phenotypes. In the more challenging cases of complex microphthalmos, relative anterior microphthalmos, and nanophthalmos, the surgeon can approach these cases more safely if they have a deep understanding of the anatomical variations and ideal formulae for intraocular lens computation and knows how to avoid intra- and post-operative complications. In this article, we review the criteria by which we recognize and describe pre-, intra-, and post-operative considerations, as well as discuss the ideal intraocular lenses for microphthalmos, given the intricate varieties of small eye phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Niazi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerpen 2000, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Farideh Doroodgar
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Dehghan
- Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li Z, Hu B, Zhao YE. A GEE model for predicting axial length after cataract surgery in children younger than 2 years of age. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:1955-1960. [PMID: 35050383 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a model for predicting postoperative axial length (AL) in children undergoing cataract surgery younger than 2 years of age. SETTING The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, China DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS Children were included only if AL data were available before surgery and at least 1 year after surgery. Eyes were divided into pseudophakic, aphakic, and unaffected eye groups. Variables that could influence axial growth were analyzed and a multivariable generalized estimating equation regression model was developed to predict postoperative AL. RESULTS 333 eyes from 190 patients were included. We observed a logarithmic linear correlation between age and AL in the unaffected eye group, AL = (2.7924 × log of age in months) + 17.607, R2 = 0.6596. Meanwhile, The GEE model of eyes with cataracts can be written as follows: Postoperative AL = 6.408 + 0.611 × (baseline AL) + 0.007 × (baseline age) - -0.006 (baseline age) × (age at follow-up) - -0.391 × coefficient of surgery. The ages were recorded in months, the ALs were recorded in millimeter. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of AL is one of the most important parts of successful postoperative management in congenital cataract patients. This study established an AL estimate formula for children aged ≤ 2 years with congenital cataract who underwent cataract surgery. This model theoretically could be used to predict individual future AL for child undergoing cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road, WenZhou, 325102, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjie Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road, WenZhou, 325102, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangliang Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road, WenZhou, 325102, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road, WenZhou, 325102, Zhejiang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-E Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xueyuan Road, WenZhou, 325102, Zhejiang, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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