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Smith AD, Schwartzman G, Lyons CE, Flowers H, Albon D, Greer K, Lonabaugh K, Zlotoff BJ. Cutaneous manifestations of cystic fibrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00670-4. [PMID: 38697219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and features recurrent sinus and pulmonary infections, steatorrhea, and malnutrition. CF is associated with diverse cutaneous manifestations, including transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma of the palms, nutrient deficiency dermatoses, and vasculitis. Rarely these are presenting symptoms of CF, prior to pulmonary or gastrointestinal sequelae. Cutaneous drug eruptions are also highly common in patients with CF (PwCF) given frequent antibiotic exposure. Finally, CFTR modulating therapy, which has revolutionized CF management, is associated with cutaneous side effects ranging from acute urticaria to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Recognition of dermatologic clinical manifestations of CF is important to appropriately care for PwCF. Dermatologists may play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of CF and associated skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Smith
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | | | - Catherine E Lyons
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hal Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dana Albon
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth Greer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin Lonabaugh
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Barrett J Zlotoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Sahiner M, Yilmaz AS, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microgels for Sustained Delivery of Vancomycin and Long-Lasting Antibacterial Effects. Gels 2023; 9:708. [PMID: 37754390 PMCID: PMC10529976 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) is a unique polysaccharide with functional groups that can develop positive and negative charges due to the abundant numbers of amine and carboxylic acid groups. CMCh is widely used in different areas due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and chelating ability. CMCh microgels were synthesized in a microemulsion environment using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinking agent. CMCh microgel with tailored size and zeta potential values were obtained in a single stem by crosslinking CMCh in a water-in-oil environment. The spherical microgel structure is confirmed by SEM analysis. The sizes of CMCh microgels varied from one micrometer to tens of micrometers. The isoelectric point of CMCh microgels was determined as pH 4.4. Biocompatibility of CMCh microgels was verified on L929 fibroblasts with 96.5 ± 1.5% cell viability at 1 mg/mL concentration. The drug-carrying abilities of CMCh microgels were evaluated by loading Vancomycin (Van) antibiotic as a model drug. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity efficiency of Van-loaded CMCh microgels (Van@CMCh) was investigated. The MIC values of the released drug from Van@CMCh microgels were found to be 68.6 and 7.95 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, at 24 h contact time. Disk diffusion tests confirmed that Van@CMCh microgels, especially for Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, revealed long-lasting inhibitory effects on bacteria growth up to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale, Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Aynur S. Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S. Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Wang M, Tang L. Vancomycin-induced elevation of liver enzyme levels in a 3-year-old boy with bacterial meningitis: A pediatric case report. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:1242-1244. [PMID: 37028760 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin as a glycopeptide antibiotic agent plays a vital role in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin-induced liver disease is rarely reported previously; isolated cases have been reported only in adults and none in children except in a 3-month-old girl published in a Chinese journal. CASE SUMMARY A 3-year-old boy received vancomycin for the treatment of bacterial meningitis for more than 3 weeks. The baseline liver enzyme levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (12 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (18 U/L), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (26 U/L) were obtained after administering vancomycin for 2 days. Liver enzyme levels of ALT (191 U/L), AST (175 U/L), and GGT (92 U/L) were obviously elevated after administering vancomycin for 22 days; this elevation was reversed after vancomycin discontinuation. This case suggested that regular examination of liver function is necessary for all individuals who initiated vancomycin. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This is a rarely known case of vancomycin-induced elevation of ALT and AST and the first reported case of vancomycin causing GGT elevation in children, which suggested that regular examination of liver function is required during the use of vancomycin in children and could help avoid progressive liver injury. This case adds to the limited number of reports on vancomycin-induced liver disease.
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Ren F, Liu Y, Li S, Li X, Wu X, Li Y, Zhang Z. Therapeutic drug monitoring of free vancomycin concentration in practice: A new analytical technique based on the HFCF-UF sample separation method. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5559. [PMID: 36478261 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a method for free vancomycin concentration determination in human plasma and apply it to clinical therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The unbound vancomycin in plasma was separated by the hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) technique and analyzed by HPLC. Chromatographic conditions were optimized, the specificity, linearity, precision, recovery and stability of the method were examined, and plasma samples of patients were measured. The standard curve for free vancomycin is y = 0.0277x - 0.0080 with good linearity within 0.25-50 μg·mL-1 . The relative and absolute recovery rates for vancomycin were 98.63-101.0% and 88.41-101.2%, respectively. The intraday and interday precision RSDs were <10%. Plasma was stable under several conditions. The TDM value of the free vancomycin concentration of 20 patients was 0.99-38.51 μg·mL-1 , and the correlation between the free and total concentrations was not significant. The unbound fraction of vancomycin ranged from 25.5 to 84.8%, with large variation. The operation of free vancomycin separation by HFCF-UF was simple and suitable for TDM in practice. The unbound fraction of vancomycin in clinical samples varied significantly between individuals. It is recommended to perform free concentration TDM in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xikun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Drouet M, Cuvelier E, Chai F, Genay S, Odou P, Décaudin B. Disturbance of Vancomycin Infusion Flow during Multidrug Infusion: Influence on Endothelial Cell Toxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010016. [PMID: 35052893 PMCID: PMC8773181 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phlebitis is a common side effect of vancomycin peripheral intravenous (PIV) infusion. As only one PIV catheter is frequently used to deliver several drugs to hospitalized patients through the same Y-site, perturbation of the infusion flow by hydration or other IV medication may influence vancomycin exposure to endothelial cells and modulate toxicity. Methods: We assessed the toxicity of variations in vancomycin concentration induced by drug mass flow variations in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), simulating a 24 h multi-infusion therapy on the same line. Results were expressed as the percentage of viable cells compared with a 100% control, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to assess the toxicity of vancomycin. Results: Our results showed that variations in vancomycin concentration did not significantly influence local toxicity compared to a fixed concentration of vancomycin. Nevertheless, the loss of cell viability induced by mechanical trauma mimicking multidrug infusion could increase the risk of phlebitis. Conclusion: To ensure that vancomycin-induced phlebitis must have other causes than variation in drug mass flow, further in vitro experiments should be performed to limit mechanical stress to frequent culture medium change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Drouet
- CHU Lille, ULR 7365–GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.G.); (P.O.); (B.D.)
| | - Elodie Cuvelier
- CHU Lille, ULR 7365–GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.G.); (P.O.); (B.D.)
- CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Feng Chai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1008, University of Lille, UFR3S, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- CHU Lille, ULR 7365–GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.G.); (P.O.); (B.D.)
- CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- CHU Lille, ULR 7365–GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.G.); (P.O.); (B.D.)
- CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Décaudin
- CHU Lille, ULR 7365–GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.G.); (P.O.); (B.D.)
- CHU Lille, Institut de Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
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Mei X, Wu HC, Ruan M, Cai LR. Acute liver failure with thrombotic microangiopathy due to sodium valproate toxicity: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4310-4317. [PMID: 34141795 PMCID: PMC8173405 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium valproate is widely used in the treatment of epilepsy in clinical practice. Most adverse reactions to sodium valproate are mild and reversible, while serious idiosyncratic side effects are becoming apparent, particularly hepatotoxicity. Herein, we report a case of fatal acute liver failure (ALF) with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) caused by treatment with sodium valproate in a patient following surgery for meningioma.
CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old man who received antiepileptic treatment with sodium valproate after surgery for meningioma exhibited extreme fatigue, severe jaundice accompanied by oliguria, soy sauce-colored urine, and ecchymosis. His postoperative laboratory values indicated a rapid decreased platelet count and hemoglobin level, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, and disturbance of the coagulation system. He was diagnosed with drug-induced liver failure combined with TMA. After plasma exchange combined with hemoperfusion, pulse therapy with high-dose methylprednisolone, and blood transfusion, his liver function deteriorated, and finally, he died.
CONCLUSION ALF with TMA is a rare and fatal adverse reaction of sodium valproate which needs to be highly valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine, The 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hai-Cong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine, The 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mei Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine, The third affiliated people's hospital of FuJian University of traditional Chinese medicine, Fuzhou 350100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Rong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine, The 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
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