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Di Gioia G, Ferrera A, Maestrini V, Monosilio S, Squeo MR, Lemme E, Nenna A, Calaciura Clarich S, Crotta S, Pelliccia A. Cardiac Adaptation in Power Athletes: Differential Impact of Judo and Weightlifting. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3336. [PMID: 38893047 PMCID: PMC11172728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: According to the ESC guidelines, sport disciplines are classified in relation to the predominant component (skill, power, mixed and endurance), including a wide range of disciplines with different isometric/isotonic exercises and exercise-induced heart remodeling. The aim of our study was to evaluate differences in morpho-functional cardiac adaptations in power athletes, comparing judokas with weightlifters. Methods: We enrolled 55 Olympic athletes (38 judokas, 17 weightlifters), aged 24.5 ± 3.8 years, 25 (45.4%) of whom were males, and they underwent a pre-participation evaluation, including a physical examination, ECG, transthoracic echocardiogram, and exercise stress test. Results: The judokas presented significant differences in cardiac adaptations, with larger left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes indexed (LVEDVi, p = 0.002 and LVESVi, p = 0.004) and higher LVMass values indexed (p = 0.033), but similar LV wall thicknesses (p = 0.093) and LV ejection fractions (p = 0.981). Also, the left atrium (LA) dimension (p = 0.0002) and volume indexed (p < 0.0001) were higher in the judokas, as were the larger right ventricle (RV) areas. Finally, the judokas showed higher VO2max (p = 0.012), O2 pulse (p = 0.007), VE/O2 LT1 (p = 0.041) and VE/O2 LT2 (p = 0.036) values, with a lower resting heart rate (p = 0.031) and higher exercise capacity (p = 0.011). Conclusions: The judokas showed substantial differences in cardiac morpho-functional adaptations from the weightlifters, and, accordingly, judo should be more properly considered not a pure strength sport but more similar to mixed disciplines of the ESC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Armando Ferrera
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Monosilio
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Squeo
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Erika Lemme
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Heart Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Calaciura Clarich
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Crotta
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pelliccia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (V.M.); (S.M.); (M.R.S.); (E.L.); (S.C.C.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
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Di Gioia G, Polito D, Crispino SP, Maestrini V, Nenna A, Segreti A, Squeo MR, Lemme E, Pelliccia A. Influence of isometric versus isotonic exercise training on right ventricular morpho-functional parameters in Olympic athletes. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15731. [PMID: 38113308 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular adaptations in elite athletes involve both ventricular and atrial changes. Nowadays, limited research exists on right ventricular (RV) remodeling, particularly in female athletes and across different types of exercise training. METHODS Our study evaluated 370 athletes (61% males) participated at 2020 Tokyo and 2022 Beijing Olympic Games. Athletes were categorized according to main type of exercise into isometric and isotonic. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessments were conducted to analyze RV morpho-functional parameters, comparing genders and different sporting exercise. RESULTS Significant differences in RV parameters were observed based on exercise type and gender. Isotonic athletes showed greater RV remodeling with larger RV outflow tract (15.1 ± 2.1 vs. 14.5 ± 1.7 mm, p < .0001) end-diastolic and end-systolic area (respectively, 24.6 ± 5.5 vs. 21.7 ± 5 mm, p < .000 and 11.7 ± 3.2 vs. 10.1 ± 2.8 mm, p < .0001) and right atrium size (11.7 ± 3.2 vs. 10.2 ± 2.3 mm2 , p = .0001). Functional parameters, such as TDI velocities, were similar between groups. Males showed larger RV area and right atrium size (p < .0001) and lower RV TDI velocities with reduced E' (15.4 ± 2.9 vs. 16.1 ± 3.2 m/s in females, p = .031), resulting in lower E'/A' ratio (1.69 ± .6 vs. 1.84 ± .6 m/s, p = .021), while S' was lower females (14.6 ± 2.3 vs. 14.1 ± 2.4 m/s, p = .041). RV TDI velocities were similar in isotonic and isometric both in male and females. CONCLUSIONS In elite athletes, RV morphological changes are influenced by exercise modality but do not translate into functional differences. Female athletes present distinct RV functional profiles, with lower S' velocities and a higher E'/A' ratio. Functional RV TDI parameters are not affected by the typology of exercise practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Dajana Polito
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pasquale Crispino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Heart Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Segreti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Squeo
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Lemme
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pelliccia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy
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