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Qin B, Fu SJ, Xu XF, Yang JJ, Wang Y, Wang LN, Huang BX, Zhong J, Wu WY, Lu HA, Law BYK, Wang N, Wong IN, Wong VKW. Far-infrared radiation and its therapeutic parameters: A superior alternative for future regenerative medicine? Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107349. [PMID: 39151679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In future regenerative medicine, far-infrared radiation (FIR) may be an essential component of optical therapy. Many studies have confirmed or validated the efficacy and safety of FIR in various diseases, benefiting from new insights into FIR mechanisms and the excellent performance of many applications. However, the lack of consensus on the biological effects and therapeutic parameters of FIR limits its practical applications in the clinic. In this review, the definition, characteristics, and underlying principles of the FIR are systematically illustrated. We outline the therapeutic parameters of FIR, including the wavelength range, power density, irradiation time, and distance. In addition, the biological effects, potential molecular mechanisms, and preclinical and clinical applications of FIR are discussed. Furthermore, the future development and applications of FIR are described in this review. By applying optimal therapeutic parameters, FIR can influence various cells, animal models, and patients, eliciting diverse underlying mechanisms and offering therapeutic potential for many diseases. FIR could represent a superior alternative with broad prospects for application in future regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, China
| | - Shi-Jie Fu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Xu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, China
| | - Jiu-Jie Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Yuping Wang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao; Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646600, China
| | - Lin-Na Wang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Bai-Xiong Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Jing Zhong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Wan-Yu Wu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Heng-Ao Lu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao
| | - Nick Wang
- New Age Technology (Asia) Limited, TML Tower, 3 Hoi Shing Road, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Io Nam Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao.
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Choi YJ, Choi WC, Jeon GR, Kim JH, Kim MS, Kim JH. Characteristics of Far-Infrared Ray Emitted from Functional Loess Bio-Balls and Its Effect on Improving Blood Flow. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:380. [PMID: 38671801 PMCID: PMC11048564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
XRD diffraction and IR absorption were investigated for raw loess powder and heat-treated loess powder. Raw loess retains its useful minerals, but loses their beneficial properties when calcined at 850 °C and 1050 °C. To utilize the useful minerals, loess balls were made using a low-temperature wet-drying method. The radiant energy and transmittance were measured for the loess balls. Far-infrared ray (FIR) emitted from loess bio-balls is selectively absorbed as higher vibrational energy by water molecules. FIR can raise the body's core temperature, thereby improving blood flow through the body's thermoregulatory mechanism. In an exploratory study with 40 participants, when the set temperature of the loess ball mat was increased from 25 °C to 50 °C, blood flow increased by 39.01%, from 37.48 mL/min to 52.11 mL/min, in the left middle finger; in addition, it increased by 39.62%, from 37.15 mL/min to 51.87 mL/min, in the right middle finger. The FIR emitted from loess balls can be widely applied, in various forms, to diseases related to blood flow, such as cold hands and feet, diabetic foot, muscle pain, and menstrual pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin Choi
- R&D Center, Hanwool Bio, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.C.); (W.C.C.)
| | - Woo Cheol Choi
- R&D Center, Hanwool Bio, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.C.); (W.C.C.)
| | - Gye Rok Jeon
- R&D Center, eXsolit, Yangsan 50611, Republic of Korea; (G.R.J.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- R&D Center, eXsolit, Yangsan 50611, Republic of Korea; (G.R.J.); (J.H.K.)
| | | | - Jae Hyung Kim
- R&D Center, Hanwool Bio, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.C.); (W.C.C.)
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Matsui Y, Ueda T, Koizumi Y, Kato C, Suzuki Y. Crossover trial of the effects of a far-infrared heater that heats the feet with ceramic balls on autonomic nervous activity and mood states. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231158452. [PMID: 36862583 PMCID: PMC10450299 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231158452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accumulation of fatigue and stress creates problems, including reductions in quality of life and productivity. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of a far-infrared heater that heats the feet with ceramic balls on autonomic nervous activity and mood states. METHODS This study was performed as a crossover trial. Participants comprised 20 women. On different days, each participant underwent 15 min of foot warming with the far-infrared heater (far-infrared group) or remained seated for 15 min (control group). Autonomic nervous activity (low-frequency component/high-frequency component, high-frequency) and mood states scales (Profile of Mood States Second Edition and Two-Dimensional Mood Scale for Self-monitoring and Self-regulation of Momentary Mood States) during the study intervention were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS Low-frequency/high-frequency was significantly higher in the control group 10 min after the start of intervention than at baseline (P = .033). Low-frequency/high-frequency was significantly lower in the far-infrared group than in the control group at 5 min (P = .027), 10 min (P = .011), and 15 min (P = .015). High-frequency was significantly higher in the far-infrared group at 5 min (P = .008), 10 min (P = .004), and 15 min (P = .015) than at baseline. High-frequency 5 min after the start of intervention was significantly higher in the far-infrared group than in the control group (P = .033). POMS2 scores improved significantly more in the far-infrared group than in the control group, including in fatigue-inertia (P = .019), tension-anxiety (P = .025), and total mood disturbance (P = .019). Finally, the far-infrared group showed greater improvements in Two-Dimensional Mood Scale-Short Term scores such as stability (P = .002) and pleasure (P = .013). CONCLUSION Using the far-infrared heater to heat the feet with ceramic balls stabilized and improved mood, reduced Fatigue-Inertia and Tension-Anxiety, and alleviated total mood disturbance. Parasympathetic nervous system activation was observed from 5 min after the start of heating, suggesting that short-duration heat stimulation of the feet is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Terumi Ueda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Koizumi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Komatsu University, Ishikawa, Japan
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