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Ai JY, Liu CF, Zhang W, Rao GW. Current status of drugs targeting PDGF/PDGFR. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103989. [PMID: 38663580 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
As an important proangiogenic factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, fibrosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. At present, a variety of PDGF/PDGFR targeted drugs with potential therapeutic effects have been developed, mainly including PDGF agonists, inhibitors targeting PDGFR and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs). This review clarifies the structure, biological function and disease correlation of PDGF and PDGFR, and it discusses the current status of PDGFR-targeted drugs, so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Ai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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2
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Greathouse KL, Stone JK, Vargas AJ, Choudhury A, Padgett RN, White JR, Jung A, Harris CC. Co-enrichment of cancer-associated bacterial taxa is correlated with immune cell infiltrates in esophageal tumor tissue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2574. [PMID: 38296990 PMCID: PMC10831118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and certain oral and intestinal pathogens have been associated with cancer development and progression. We asked if esophageal microbiomes had shared alterations that could provide novel biomarkers for ESCA risk. We extracted DNA from tumor and non-tumor tissue of 212 patients in the NCI-MD case control study and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (V3-4), with TCGA ESCA RNA-seq (n = 172) and WGS (n = 123) non-human reads used as validation. We identified four taxa, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium as highly enriched in esophageal cancer across all cohorts. Using SparCC, we discovered that Fusobacterium and Prevotella were also co-enriched across all cohorts. We then analyzed immune cell infiltration to determine if these dysbiotic taxa were associated with immune signatures. Using xCell to obtain predicted immune infiltrates, we identified a depletion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cells in tumors with presence of any of the four taxa, along with enrichment of platelets in tumors with Campylobactor or Fusobacterium. Taken together, our results suggest that intratumoral presence of these co-occurring bacterial genera may confer tumor promoting immune alterations that allow disease progression in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Nutrition Division, Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - J K Stone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - R N Padgett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R White
- Resphera Biosciences, LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Jung
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C C Harris
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Gamradt P, Thierry K, Masmoudi M, Wu Z, Hernandez-Vargas H, Bachy S, Antonio T, Savas B, Hussain Z, Tomasini R, Milani P, Bertolino P, Hennino A. Stiffness-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts are responsible for immunosuppression in a platelet-derived growth factor ligand-dependent manner. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad405. [PMID: 38111825 PMCID: PMC10727001 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a vast stromal reaction that arises mainly from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and promotes both immune escape and tumor growth. Here, we used a mouse model with deletion of the activin A receptor ALK4 in the context of the KrasG12D mutation, which strongly drives collagen deposition that leads to tissue stiffness. By ligand-receptor analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we identified that, in stiff conditions, neoplastic ductal cells instructed CAFs through sustained platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Tumor-associated tissue rigidity resulted in the emergence of stiffness-induced CAFs (siCAFs) in vitro and in vivo. Similar results were confirmed in human data. siCAFs were able to strongly inhibit CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, promoting local immunosuppression. More importantly, targeting PDGF signaling led to diminished siCAF and reduced tumor growth. Our data show for the first time that early paracrine signaling leads to profound changes in tissue mechanics, impacting immune responses and tumor progression. Our study highlights that PDGF ligand neutralization can normalize the tissue architecture independent of the genetic background, indicating that finely tuned stromal therapy may open new therapeutic avenues in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gamradt
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Kevin Thierry
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Melissa Masmoudi
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
- StromaCare, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Zhichong Wu
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Sophie Bachy
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
- StromaCare, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Tiffanie Antonio
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Berkan Savas
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Bertolino
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Ana Hennino
- Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon F-69373, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon F-69008, France
- StromaCare, Lyon F-69008, France
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Fu Z, Han Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liang B, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Shen C, Xu Y, Yin S, Chen B, Liu Y, Pan H, Liang Z, Wu K. A predictive model of immune infiltration and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on cell adhesion-related genes: including molecular biological validation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190678. [PMID: 37691922 PMCID: PMC10484396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Focal adhesion serves as a bridge between tumour cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and has multiple roles in tumour invasion, migration, and therapeutic resistance. However, studies on focal adhesion-related genes (FARGs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are limited. Methods Data on HNSCC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE41613 datasets, and 199 FARGs were obtained from the Molecular Signatures database. The integrated datasets' dimensions were reduced by the use of cluster analysis, which was also used to classify patients with HNSCC into subclusters. A FARG signature model was developed and utilized to calculate each patient's risk score using least extreme shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The risk score was done to quantify the subgroups of all patients. We evaluated the model's value for prognostic prediction, immune infiltration status, and therapeutic response in HNSCC. Preliminary molecular and biological experiments were performed to verify these results. Results Two different HNSCC molecular subtypes were identified according to FARGs, and patients with C2 had a shorter overall survival (OS) than those with C1. We constructed an FARG signature comprising nine genes. We constructed a FARG signature consisting of nine genes. Patients with higher risk scores calculated from the FARG signature had a lower OS, and the FARG signature was considered an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC in univariate and multivariate analyses. FARGs are associated with immune cell invasion, gene mutation status, and chemosensitivity. Finally, we observed an abnormal overexpression of MAPK9 in HNSCC tissues, and MAPK9 knockdown greatly impeded the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells. Conclusion The FARG signature can provide reliable prognostic prediction for patients with HNSCC. Apart from that, the genes in this model were related to immune invasion, gene mutation status, and chemosensitivity, which may provide new ideas for targeted therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhechen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanxun Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yanqiang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yidan Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Siyue Yin
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhang Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaile Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Identification of an Immune-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7413535. [PMID: 36588538 PMCID: PMC9803573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7413535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity. Current evidence suggests that immune cells and molecules regulate the initiation and progression of EC. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) affecting the biological behaviors and microenvironmental characteristics of EC. Methods Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, Cox regression, and immune infiltration prediction, were conducted using R software to analyze the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used to validate the prognostic signature. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups for further analyses, including functional enrichment, immune infiltration, checkpoint relevance, clinicopathological characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity analyses. Results A prognostic signature was established based on 21 IRGs (S100A7, S100A7A, LCN1, CR2, STAT4, GAST, ANGPTL5, TRAV39, F2RL2, PGLYRP3, KLRD1, TRIM36, PDGFA, SLPI, PCSK2, APLN, TICAM1, ITPR3, MAPK9, GATA4, and PLAU). Compared with high-risk patients, better overall survival rates and clinicopathological characteristics were found in low-risk patients. The areas under the curve of the two cohorts were 0.885 and 0.718, respectively. Higher proportions of resting CD4+ memory T lymphocytes, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells and lower proportions of follicular helper T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils were found in the high-risk tumors. Moreover, the high-risk group showed higher expression of CD44 and TNFSF4, lower expression of PDCD1 and CD40, and higher TIDE scores, suggesting they may respond poorly to immunotherapy. High-risk patients responded better to chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine. Furthermore, IRGs associated with tumor progression, including PDGFA, ITPR3, SLPI, TICAM1, and GATA4, were identified. Conclusion Our immune-related signature yielded reliable value in evaluating the prognosis, microenvironmental characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity of EC and may help with the precise treatment of this patient population.
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Serrano-López EM, Coronado-Parra T, Marín-Vicente C, Szallasi Z, Gómez-Abellán V, López-Andreo MJ, Gragera M, Gómez-Fernández JC, López-Nicolás R, Corbalán-García S. Deciphering the Role and Signaling Pathways of PKCα in Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214023. [PMID: 36430510 PMCID: PMC9696894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises a family of highly related serine/threonine protein kinases involved in multiple signaling pathways, which control cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The role of PKCα in cancer has been studied for many years. However, it has been impossible to establish whether PKCα acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Here, we analyzed the importance of PKCα in cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, or apoptosis by inhibiting its gene expression in a luminal A breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Differential expression analysis and phospho-kinase arrays of PKCα-KD vs. PKCα-WT MCF-7 cells identified an essential set of proteins and oncogenic kinases of the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways that were down-regulated, whereas IGF1R, ERK1/2, and p53 were up-regulated. In addition, unexpected genes related to the interferon pathway appeared down-regulated, while PLC, ERBB4, or PDGFA displayed up-regulated. The integration of this information clearly showed us the usefulness of inhibiting a multifunctional kinase-like PKCα in the first step to control the tumor phenotype. Then allowing us to design a possible selection of specific inhibitors for the unexpected up-regulated pathways to further provide a second step of treatment to inhibit the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cells. The results of this study suggest that PKCα plays an oncogenic role in this type of breast cancer model. In addition, it reveals the signaling mode of PKCα at both gene expression and kinase activation. In this way, a wide range of proteins can implement a new strategy to fine-tune the control of crucial functions in these cells and pave the way for designing targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Serrano-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Coronado-Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Microscopy Core Unit, Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Marín-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Cardiovascular Proteomics and Developmental Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Biology School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Andreo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Molecular Biology Unit, Área Científica y Técnica de Investigación, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcos Gragera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Centro Nacional Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Gómez-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Nicolás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.-N.); (S.C.-G.)
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.-N.); (S.C.-G.)
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[MC1R is highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1552-1559. [PMID: 36329591 PMCID: PMC9637506 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of MC1R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters. METHODS We analyzed the expression of MC1R in esophageal cancer based on data from TCGA databse and examined its expression levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting in a human esophageal epithelial cell line BAr-T, human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines ECA109, KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE510, TE-1, TE-13, and EC9706, a human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and 19 pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MC1R expression levels in 32 pairs of paraffin-embedded sections of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues, and the correlation of MC1R expression and the patients'clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that MC1R was significantly overexpressed in esophageal cancer tissues (P < 0.05).MC1R expression was also increased in 5 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines ECA109, KYSE30, KYSE510, TE-13, EC9706 and the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 as compared with that in esophageal epithelial cells (P < 0.05).Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly increased MC1R expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue sections in comparison with the adjacent tissue sections (P < 0.05).In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a high MC1R expression was detected mainly in those with an old age, positive for middle-thoracic involvement, and with moderately differentiated tumor cells, and showed a correlation with T stage of tumor (P < 0.05), but not with the other clinicopathological parameters such as gender, age, degree of cell differentiation, primary tumor site, or TNM stage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION MC1R is highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and may serve as a molecular biomarker to assist in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Lu J, Tan J, Yu X. A Prognostic Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Model Associated With Immune Infiltration in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:934196. [PMID: 36118850 PMCID: PMC9470855 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.934196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide, and ferroptosis plays a vital role in the pathology and progression of CC. Effective prognostic tools are required to guide clinical decision-making in CC. In our study, gene expression and clinical data of CC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We identified the differentially expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs using the differential expression and gene co-expression analysis. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the effective ferroptosis-related lncRNAs for constructing the prognostic model for CC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore the functional enrichment analysis. CIBERSORT and single-sample GSEA were performed to investigate the association between our model and the immune microenvironment. Finally, three ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (XXbac-B476C20.9, TP73-AS1, and SNHG15) were identified to construct the prognostic model. The results of the validation showed that our model was effective in predicting the prognosis of CC patients, which also was an independent prognostic factor for CC. The GSEA analysis showed that several ferroptosis-related pathways were significantly enriched in the low-risk group. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that the level of immune cell infiltration was significantly higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group. In summary, we established a prognostic model based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, which could provide clinical guidance for future laboratory and clinical research on CC.
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Signaling Pathways Associated with Chronic Wound Progression: A Systems Biology Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081506. [PMID: 36009225 PMCID: PMC9404828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown that several oxidative stress-driven pathways in cutaneous chronic wounds are dysregulated in the first 48 h post-wounding. Here, we performed an RNASeq analysis of tissues collected up to day 20 after wounding, when we have determined full chronicity is established. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis was performed in R segregating the genes into 14 modules. Genes in the modules significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to early and full chronicity were used for pathway analysis using pathfindR. In early chronicity, we observed enrichment of several pathways. Dysregulation of Ephrin/Eph signaling leads to growth cone collapse and impairs neuronal regeneration. Adra2b and Adra2a overexpression in early and full chronicity, respectively, decreased cAMP production and impaired re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Several pathways involving a Smooth-muscle-actin (Acta1) were also enriched with Acta1 overexpression contributing to impaired angiogenesis. During full chronicity, the ‘JAK-STAT’ pathway was suppressed undermining host defenses against infection. Wnt signaling was also suppressed, impairing re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Biomarkers of cancer such as overexpression of SDC1 and constitutive activation of ErbB2/HER2 were also identified. In conclusion, we show that during progression to full chronicity, numerous signaling pathways are dysregulated, including some related to carcinogenesis, suggesting that chronic wounds behave much like cancer. Experimental verification in vivo could identify candidates for treatment of chronic wounds.
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