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Jiang S, Gao K, Zhang F, Wang Y, He X, Yang J. β-sitosterol alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating catalase. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35639. [PMID: 39165938 PMCID: PMC11334795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the main active components of Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) on atherosclerosis and its mechanism of action. Bioinformatics analysis showed that β-sitosterol was the most likely active ingredient to mediate the anti-atherosclerotic effects. In vivo experiments showed that β-sitosterol inhibited plaque formation and platelet activation, and decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. In vitro experiments showed that β-sitosterol can inhibit lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, knocking down catalase (CAT), the direct target of β-sitosterol, not only promoted lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, but also activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and the mTOR inhibitor (ink-128) can eliminate the effect of CAT knockdown, suggesting that β-sitosterol may inhibit lipid deposition and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs by activating CAT and silencing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Lanshan District, NO.566, Lanshan West Road, Lanshan District, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huantai People's Hospital, No.2198, Huan Tai Avenue, Huantai suo Town, Zibo, 256400, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Qingdao, No.3, Jiaxiang Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Ningyang, No.872, Jinyang Street, Ningyang County, Taian, 271400, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Outpatient, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, No.157, Jinbi road, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
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Zhang X, Chen S, Li X, Zhang L, Ren L. Flavonoids as Potential Antiviral Agents for Porcine Viruses. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091793. [PMID: 36145539 PMCID: PMC9501777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are types of natural substances with phenolic structures isolated from a variety of plants. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities. Although most of the research or applications of flavonoids are focused on human diseases, flavonoids also show potential applicability against porcine virus infection. This review focuses on the recent progress in antiviral mechanisms of potential flavonoids against the most common porcine viruses. The mechanism discussed in this paper may provide a theoretical basis for drug screening and application of natural flavonoid compounds and flavonoid-containing herbs to control porcine virus infection and guide the research and development of pig feed additives.
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