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Lyu H, Liang D, Luo R, Feng Y, Liu L, Yang S, Cai F, Zhang Z, Xiong H. Improving knowledge, attitude and practice on norovirus infection diarrhea among staff of kindergartens and schools: a before-after study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1755. [PMID: 38956465 PMCID: PMC11218083 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks were common in schools and kindergartens and were more related to faculty knowledge, attitude, and practice level. Gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus in educational institutions were the prominent cause of Public Health Emergency Events in China. This study aimed to explore the transformation in the contribution of KAP items related to outbreak prevention before and after intervention and the impact of demography factors on the intervention. METHODS This study sampled 1095 kindergarten and 1028 school staff in Shenzhen, China. We created a questionnaire consisting of 35 items in 4 parts, and each item was rated on a scale of 1-5 according to the accuracy. Univariate analysis of non-parametric tests and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the score difference on demographic characteristics, each item and KAP. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence and intervals (CI) for the association between statistical indicators were mainly used to explain the effects before and after intervention. RESULTS Overall, 98.72% and 74.9% of the kindergarten and school participants were female, and all respondents had the highest scores difference of practice. Following intervention, univariate analysis indicated that primary school and female respondents achieved higher knowledge scores. Staff age beyond 35 (OR = 0.56, CI:0.34-0.92; OR = 0.67, CI:0.50-0.90) and with more than ten years of service (OR = 0.58, CI:0.36-0.91; OR = 0.38, CI:0.17-0.84) demonstrated a significantly lower post-intervention score for attitude and practice in both kindergartens and schools. The staff members exhibited a general lack of familiarity with the transmission of aerosols and the seasonal patterns of NoVs diarrhea pandemics. Item analysis revealed that kindergarten staff aged 26 and above demonstrated superior performance in terms of the efficacy of medical alcohol for inactivation (OR = 1.93, CI:1.13-3.31) and management strategies for unexplained vomiting among students (OR = 1.97, CI:1.21-3.18). Private school personnel displayed more significant improvement in their practices following educational interventions. School administrators' negative attitudes were primarily evident in their perspectives on morning inspections (OR = 0.11, CI:0.05-0.84). CONCLUSIONS The potential negative impact of faculty age on NoVs-related knowledge can be mitigated by the positive attitudes fostered through seniority. Furthermore, it is imperative to urgently address the lack of knowledge among administrators, and the identification and treatment of vomiting symptoms should be emphasized as crucial aspects of school prevention strategies. Therefore, education authorities should implement comprehensive public health interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Lyu
- Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Bao'an District Public Health Service Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Riyan Luo
- Fubao Public Health Center, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlong Feng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shenzhen Longgang District Nanwan Public Health Service Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sixia Yang
- Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuling Cai
- Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huawei Xiong
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
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Guo Y, Chen W, Wang G, Yang H, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Zeng Y. Etiological surveillance of viral diarrhea from 2017 to 2019 in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1403341. [PMID: 38919928 PMCID: PMC11196759 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Viral diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to conduct etiological surveillance of viral diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China, from 2017 to 2019 to identify the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of viral pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections in the region. Methods Stool samples were collected from patients with acute diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China, from 2017 to 2019. Rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus were detected using fluorescence immunochromatography assay. Results Of the total 5,627 samples that were collected, at least one of the viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus) was found to be positive in 1,422 samples. Rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus, were detected in 53.73, 16.68, 15.52, and 14.97%, respectively. Mixed infections were determined in 17.65% of the positive samples. The predominant mixed infections observed were a combination of norovirus and astrovirus, followed by rotavirus and norovirus, and rotavirus and astrovirus. The highest positive rate was observed in the 12-23-month group for rotavirus and adenovirus, while a significantly higher positive rate was observed for norovirus and astrovirus in the 6-11-month group. Conclusion These findings from this etiological surveillance highlight the significant burden of viral diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, with rotavirus being the predominant pathogen. The identification of common mixed infections provides insights into the complex nature of viral diarrhea transmission. Target interventions and public health strategies should be implemented, particularly during the winter and spring seasons, to prevent and control the spread of viral pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology, Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weide Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhanghou, Fujian, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhanghou, Fujian, China
| | - Huicong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhanghou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunbin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology, Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanjun Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology, Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
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Kurt G, Serdaroğlu HU. Prevalence of Infectious Diseases in Children at Preschool Education Institutions and Stakeholder Opinions. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:447. [PMID: 38671664 PMCID: PMC11049231 DOI: 10.3390/children11040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Preschool education institutions, where children have close contact and social interactions, can serve as potential environments for the transmission of infectious diseases. This issue poses a significant health concern, impacting both individual and public well-being. Thus, the present research set out to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases in preschool children and the views of parents and teachers on the prevention of infectious diseases. The study employed a mixed-method approach and involved 397 parents and 46 preschool teachers. The study was survey-based via in-person interviews. The results revealed that after they started school (almost in 5 months), children with a mean age of 4.7 ± 0.5 years experienced illness approximately 3.5 ± 2.0 times, of whom 91.5% used antibiotics. The prevalence of infectious diseases was found to be associated with the child's being born at term, maternal education level, and the public/private status of preschool institutions. The presence of a sick child in the classroom elicits negative emotions from both teachers and parents. They recommend that studies on education, safety, hygiene, school health, health screenings, regulation of the learning environment, legal regulations, and school exclusion policies be carried out to prevent infectious diseases. When children with infectious diseases come to school, nearly half of the teachers admit them to the classroom due to various reasons and pressures. Parents request teachers to monitor medication, control sweating, and use a nebulizer for their sick children. Some of the teachers meet these requests, but they claim that the educational process is negatively affected. At preschool education institutions, the risk factors of infectious diseases have a complex structure and can be influenced by variables related to teachers, children, parents and the institution itself. Infectious diseases not only pose a threat to health but also impact teachers' and parents' emotions, teacher-child relationships, and the overall atmosphere within schools and classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Kurt
- Department of Health Care Services, Pazar Vocational School of Higher Education, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60800 Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Uğur Serdaroğlu
- Department of Childhood Development, Pazar Vocational School of Higher Education, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60800 Tokat, Türkiye;
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Liu J, Yuan Y, Feng L, Lin C, Ye C, Liu J, Li H, Hao L, Liu H. Intestinal pathogens detected in cockroach species within different food-related environment in Pudong, China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1947. [PMID: 38253647 PMCID: PMC10803747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cockroaches are considered mechanical transmitters of infectious diseases, posing a threat to human health. This study assessed the potential of cockroaches in food-related environments to mechanically transmit intestinal pathogens. Cockroaches captured with traps were placed together into a low temperature refrigerator at - 80° for 2 h. Standard taxonomic keys and Fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques were applied for species identification and digestive tract etiological examination. A total of 360 cockroach traps were placed, with a positive rate of 20.8%, and 266 cockroaches were captured. In general, compared with other places and areas, the degree of infestation of cockroaches was more serious in catering places and kitchens. Blattella germanica were most found in catering places (40.2%), followed by Periplaneta fuliginosa in schools (22.2%). According to the life stage, among the 128 cockroach samples, 23 were positive for nymphs and 13 were positive for adults. There were statistically significant differences in the intestinal pathogen detection rates between nymphs and adults (P < 0.05). A total of eight intestinal pathogens were detected, and enterovirus infections were the main ones, with sapovirus being the most detected in Blattella germanica or nymph. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was the most frequently isolated bacterium. Blastocystis hominis had the highest isolation rate. In contrast, 12 diarrhoeal disease pathogens were isolated, and the viruses and bacteria with the highest frequencies were norovirus and E. coli, respectively; no parasites were found. Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa in food-related environments can act as potential vectors for the spread of intestinal pathogens and may pose a significant threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Yongting Yuan
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Chuchu Ye
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China.
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China.
| | - Hanzhao Liu
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China.
- Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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