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Tamarozzi F, Ursini T, Stroffolini G, Badona Monteiro G, Buonfrate D, Fittipaldo VA, Conci S, Gasparini C, Mansueto G, Guglielmi A, Gobbi F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt followed by splenectomy for complicated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: a case report and review of the literature. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e405-e414. [PMID: 38368890 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is a complex clinical condition caused by the complications of chronic infection with Schistosoma species that cause intestinal schistosomiasis. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis derives from the fibrotic reaction stimulated around parasite eggs that are transported by the mesenteric circulation to the liver, causing periportal fibrosis. Portal hypertension and variceal gastrointestinal bleeding are major complications of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. The clinical management of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is not standardised and a parameter that could guide clinical decision making has not yet been identified. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) appears promising for use in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis but is still reported in very few patients. In this Grand Round, we report one patient with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis treated with TIPS, which resulted in regression of oesophageal varices but had to be followed by splenectomy due to persisting severe splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. We summarise the main challenges in the clinical management of this patient with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, highlight results of a scoping review of the literature, and evaluate the use of of TIPS in patients with early hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
| | - Tamara Ursini
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Stroffolini
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Geraldo Badona Monteiro
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Conci
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology, and Paediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G B Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Clizia Gasparini
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, University Hospital G B Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mansueto
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, University Hospital G B Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guglielmi
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology, and Paediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G B Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Han D, Ji Y, Yang S, Song P, Shi Y, Shao D, Chen X, Shang L, Shi J, Jiang C. Therapeutic effect of iturin A on Candida albicans oral infection and its pathogenic factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0094823. [PMID: 38051047 PMCID: PMC10777857 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00948-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is responsible for conditions ranging from superficial infections such as oral or vaginal candidiasis to potentially fatal systemic infections. It produces pathogenic factors contributing to its virulence. Iturin A, a lipopeptide derived from Bacillus sp., exhibits a significant inhibitory effect against C. albicans. However, its exact mechanism in mitigating the pathogenic factors of C. albicans remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the influence of iturin A on several pathogenic attributes of C. albicans, including hypha formation, cell membrane permeability, cell adhesion, biofilm formation, and therapeutic efficacy in an oral C. albicans infection model in mice. The minimal inhibitory concentration of iturin A against C. albicans was determined to be 25 µg/mL in both YEPD and RPMI-1640 media. Iturin A effectively inhibited C. albicans hyphal formation, decreased cell viability within biofilms, enhanced cell membrane permeability, and disrupted cell adhesion in vitro. Nonetheless, iturin A did not significantly affect the phospholipase activity or hydrophobicity of C. albicans. A comparative study with nystatin demonstrated the superior therapeutic efficacy of iturin A in a mouse model of oral C. albicans infection, significantly decreasing C. albicans count and inhibiting both fungal hypha formation and tongue surface adhesion. High-dose iturin A treatment (25 µg/mL) in mice had no significant effects on blood indices, tongue condition, or body weight, indicating the potential for iturin A in managing oral infections. This study confirmed the therapeutic potential of iturin A and provided valuable insights for developing effective antifungal therapies targeting C. albicans pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yulan Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Saixue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Song
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yihong Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junling Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Veiga ZST, Fernandes FF, Guimarães L, Piedade J, Pereira GHS. Natural History of Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis (HSS) Non–Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension (NCPH): Influence of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Decompensation in Prognosis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030145. [PMID: 36977145 PMCID: PMC10054624 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) is a peculiar form of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). Although HSS patients present normal hepatic function, some evolve signs of hepatocellular failure and features of decompensated cirrhosis. The natural history of HSS-NCPH is unknown. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that evaluated patients who fulfilled clinical-laboratorial criteria for HSS. Results: A total of 105 patients were included. Eleven patients already presented with decompensated disease and had lower transplant-free survival at 5 years than those without (61% vs. 95%, p = 0.015). Among 94 patients without prior decompensation, the median follow-up was 62 months and 44% of them had varicose bleeding (two or more episodes in 27%). Twenty-one patients presented at least one episode of decompensation (10-year probability 38%). Upon multivariate analysis, varicose bleeding and higher bilirubin levels were associated with decompensation. The 10-year probability of survival was 87%. Development of decompensation and age were predictive of mortality. Conclusion: HSS is characterized by multiple episodes of GI bleeding, a high probability of decompensation and reduced survival at the end of the first decade. Decompensation is more common in patients with varicose esophageal bleeding and is associated with lower survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulane S. T. Veiga
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Flávia F. Fernandes
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Lívia Guimarães
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana Piedade
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique S. Pereira
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Bonsucesso Federal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 25550-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-39779893; Fax: +55-21-39779265
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