1
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Arai T, Lopes F. Potential of human helminth therapy for resolution of inflammatory bowel disease: The future ahead. Exp Parasitol 2021; 232:108189. [PMID: 34848244 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a dysregulated mucosal immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. The number of patients with IBD has increased worldwide, especially in highly industrialized western societies. The population of patients with IBD in North America is forecasted to reach about four million by 2030; meanwhile, there is no definitive therapy for IBD. Current anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or biological treatment may induce and maintain remission, but not all patients respond to these treatments. Recent studies explored parasitic helminths as a novel modality of therapy due to their potent immunoregulatory properties in humans. Research using IBD animal models infected with a helminth or administered helminth-derived products such as excretory-secretory products has been promising, and helminth-microbiota interactions exert their anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the host immunity. Recent studies also indicate that evidence that helminth-derived metabolites may play a role in anticolitic effects. Thus, the helminth shows a potential benefit for treatment against IBD. Here we review the current feasibility of "helminth therapy" from the laboratory for application in IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Arai
- Institution of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Department of Gastroenterology, Hashimoto Municipal Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Institution of Parasitology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Van Spaendonk H, Ceuleers H, Smet A, Berg M, Joossens J, Van der Veken P, Francque SM, Lambeir AM, De Man JG, De Meester I, Augustyns K, De Winter BY. The Effect of a Novel Serine Protease Inhibitor on Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability in a Murine Colitis Transfer Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682065. [PMID: 34248633 PMCID: PMC8264366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A protease/antiprotease disbalance is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We therefore studied the effect of the novel serine protease inhibitor UAMC-00050 on intestinal inflammation and permeability in a chronic colitis T cell transfer mouse model to get further insight into the regulation of T cell-mediated immunopathology. Methods: Colitis was induced in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, by the adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25-CD62L+ T cells. Animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2x/day with vehicle or UAMC-00050 (5 mg/kg) from week 2 onwards. Colonic inflammation was assessed by clinical parameters, colonoscopy, macroscopy, microscopy, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine expression levels. At week 4, 4 kDa FITC-dextran intestinal permeability was evaluated and T helper transcription factors, protease-activated receptors and junctional proteins were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results: Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25-CD62L+ T cells resulted in colonic inflammation and an altered intestinal permeability. The serine protease inhibitor UAMC-00050 ameliorated both the inflammatory parameters and the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, a decrease in colonic mRNA expression of Tbet and PAR4 was observed in colitis mice after UAMC-00050 treatment. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of UAMC-00050 on inflammation was apparent via a reduction of Tbet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Based on these results, we hypothesize a pivotal effect of serine protease inhibition on the Th1 inflammatory profile potentially mediated via PAR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Spaendonk
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Lothstein KE, Gause WC. Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:345-364. [PMID: 33495068 PMCID: PMC9884063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are an emerging source of therapeutics for dysregulated inflammatory diseases. Excretory/secretory (ES) molecules, released during infection, are responsible for many of these immunomodulatory effects and are likely to have evolved as a means for parasite survival in the host. While the mechanisms of action of these molecules have not been fully defined, evidence demonstrates that they target various pathways in the immune response, ranging from initiation to effector cell modulation. These molecules are applied in controlling specific effector mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 immune responses. Recently, studies have further focused on their therapeutic potential in specific disease models. Here we review recent findings on ES molecule modulation of immune functions, specifically highlighting their clinical implications for future use in inflammatory disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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4
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Mu Y, McManus DP, Hou N, Cai P. Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619776. [PMID: 33692793 PMCID: PMC7937812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths, comprising the flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and nematodes (roundworms), have plagued humans persistently over a considerable period of time. It is now known that the degree of exposure to these and other pathogens inversely correlates with the incidence of both T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergy. Accordingly, there has been recent increased interest in utilizing active helminth worm infections and helminth-derived products for the treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and to alleviate disease severity. Indeed, there is an accumulating list of novel helminth derived molecules, including proteins, peptides, and microRNAs, that have been shown to exhibit therapeutic potential in a variety of disease models. Here we consider the blood-dwelling schistosome flukes, which have evolved subtle immune regulatory mechanisms that promote parasite survival but at the same time minimize host tissue immunopathology. We review and discuss the recent advances in using schistosome infection and schistosome-derived products as therapeutics to treat or mitigate human immune-related disorders, including allergic asthma, arthritis, colitis, diabetes, sepsis, cystitis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mu
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Togarsimalemath SK, Pushpamithran G, Schön T, Stendahl O, Blomgran R. Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:148-163. [PMID: 33333522 DOI: 10.1159/000512279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection is common and suggested to influence the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). It is known that helminths in contrast to TB induce a strong Th2 response in the host. However, the direct impact of helminth antigen exposure on host immunity against TB is largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the effects of helminth antigen exposure on the early immune control of Mtb in monocytes and macrophages. Ascaris lumbricoides (ASC) and Schistosoma mansoni (SM) protein antigens were used to study the immediate effect of helminth antigen exposure in monocytes, on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, or mature macrophages, in the control of virulent Mtb H37Rv. Pre-exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reduced Mtb growth in monocytes, especially with SM, but no Th1/Th2 cytokines or activation markers indicated involvement of T cells. Monocytes exposed before maturing into macrophages reduced Mtb growth in macrophages (ASC), and pre-exposure of mature macrophages reduced (ASC) or kept Mtb growth at control levels (SM). This in vitro model shows how helminth infection directly affects the monocyte-macrophage axis at an early stage before cell-mediated immunity develops. During acute helminth coinfection or when helminth antigen concentration is elevated at the site of Mtb infection, these helminths provide an enhanced control and killing of Mtb owing to the direct stimulatory effect of helminth antigens on phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhuprasad Kotresh Togarsimalemath
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giggil Pushpamithran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Schön
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,
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6
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Van Herck MA, Vonghia L, Kwanten WJ, Vanwolleghem T, Ebo DG, Michielsen PP, De Man JG, Gama L, De Winter BY, Francque SM. Adoptive Cell Transfer of Regulatory T Cells Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1711. [PMID: 32849604 PMCID: PMC7412973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multisystem condition, involving the liver, adipose tissue, and immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of T cells that exert an immune-controlling effect. Previously, a reduction of Treg cells in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was shown to be associated with a more severe degree of liver disease. We aimed to correct this immune disruption through adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of Treg cells. Methods: Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 20 weeks. Treg cells were isolated from the spleens of healthy 8 to 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice and were adoptively transferred to HFHFD-fed mice. PBS-injected mice served as controls. Plasma ALT and lipid levels were determined. Liver and adipose tissue were assessed histologically. Cytotoxic T (Tc), Treg, T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells were characterized in VAT, liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), blood, and spleen via flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed in SAT and VAT of mice fed either the HFHFD or a control diet for 10-32 weeks. Results: ACT increased Treg cells in SAT, but not in any of the other tissues. Moreover, the ACT induced a decrease in Th1 cells in SAT, liver, blood, and spleen. Higher plasma ALT levels and a higher degree of steatosis were observed in ACT mice, whereas the other HFHFD-induced metabolic and histologic disruptions were unaffected. Expression analysis of genes related to Treg-cell proliferation revealed a HFHFD-induced decrease in all investigated genes in the SAT, while in the VAT the expression of these genes was largely unaffected, except for a decrease in Pparg. Conclusion: ACT of Treg cells in HFHFD-fed mice exacerbated hepatic steatosis, which was possibly related to the increase of Treg cells in the SAT and/or the general decrease in Th1 cells. Moreover, the HFHFD-induced decrease in Pparg expression appeared critical in the decrease of Treg cells at the level of the VAT and the inability to replenish the amount of Treg cells by the ACT, while the mechanism of Treg cell accumulation at the level of the SAT remained unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaïl A Van Herck
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P Michielsen
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Yeshi K, Ruscher R, Hunter L, Daly NL, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Revisiting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathology, Treatments, Challenges and Emerging Therapeutics Including Drug Leads from Natural Products. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1273. [PMID: 32354192 PMCID: PMC7288008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-long disease characterized by gastrointestinal tract inflammation. It is caused by the interplay of the host's genetic predisposition and immune responses, and various environmental factors. Despite many treatment options, there is no cure for IBD. The increasing incidence and prevalence of IBD and lack of effective long-term treatment options have resulted in a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system worldwide. Biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines initiated a shift from symptomatic control towards objective treatment goals such as mucosal healing. There are seven monoclonal antibody therapies excluding their biosimilars approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for induction and maintenance of clinical remission in IBD. Adverse side effects associated with almost all currently available drugs, especially biologics, is the main challenge in IBD management. Natural products have significant potential as therapeutic agents with an increasing role in health care. Given that natural products display great structural diversity and are relatively easy to modify chemically, they represent ideal scaffolds upon which to generate novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the pathology, currently available treatment options for IBD and associated challenges, and the roles played by natural products in health care. It discusses these natural products within the current biodiscovery research agenda, including the applications of drug discovery techniques and the search for next-generation drugs to treat a plethora of inflammatory diseases, with a major focus on IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
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8
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Contribution of the Gut Microbiota in P28GST-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Experimental and Clinical Insights. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060577. [PMID: 31212833 PMCID: PMC6627314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An original immuno-regulatory strategy against inflammatory bowel diseases based on the use of 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase (P28GST), a unique schistosome protein, was recently proposed. Improvement of intestinal inflammation occurs through restoration of the immunological balance between pro-inflammatory T-helper 1 (Th1) responses and both T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory responses. However, detailed mechanisms explaining how P28GST prevents colitis and promotes gut homeostasis remain unknown. Considering the complex interplay between the adaptive and innate immune system and the intestinal microbiota, we raised the question of the possible role of the microbial ecosystem in the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the helminth-derived P28GST protein. We first analyzed, by 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterial profiles of mice fecal microbiota at several time points of the P28GST-immunomodulation period prior to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis. The influence of gut microbiota in the P28GST-mediated anti-inflammatory effects was then assessed by fecal microbiota transplantation experiments from P28GST-immunized mice to either conventional or microbiota depleted naïve recipient mice. Finally, the experimental data were supplemented by the temporal fecal microbiota compositions of P28GST-treated Crohn’s disease patients from a pilot clinical study (NCT02281916). The P28GST administration slightly modulated the diversity and composition of mouse fecal microbiota while it significantly reduced experimental colitis in mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments failed to restore the P28GST-induced anti-inflammatory effects. In Crohn’s disease patients, P28GST also induced slight changes in their overall fecal bacterial composition. Collectively, these results provide key elements in both the anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the safe therapeutic use of immunomodulation with such promising helminth-derived molecules.
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9
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Reyes JL, Lopes F, Leung G, Jayme TS, Matisz CE, Shute A, Burkhard R, Carneiro M, Workentine ML, Wang A, Petri B, Beck PL, Geuking MB, McKay DM. Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25 + T cells to suppress colitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:5676-5689. [PMID: 30668930 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play central roles in immunity as early effectors and modulating adaptive immune reponses; we implicated macrophages in the anticolitic effect of infection with the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Here, gene arrays revealed that H. diminuta antigen (HdAg) evoked a program in murine macrophages distinct from that elicited by IL-4. Further, HdAg suppressed LPS-evoked release of TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages via autocrine IL-10 signaling. In assessing the ability of macrophages treated in vitro with an extract of H. diminuta [M(HdAg)] to affect disease, intravenous, but not peritoneal, injection of M(HdAg) protected wild-type but not RAG1-/- mice from dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. Administration of splenic CD4+ T cells from in vitro cocultures with M(HdAg), but not those cocultured with M(IL-4) cells, inhibited DNBS-induced colitis; fractionation of the T-cell population indicated that the CD4+CD25+ T cells from cocultures with M(HdAg) drove the suppression of DNBS-induced colitis. Use of IL-4-/- or IL-10-/- CD4+ T cells revealed that neither cytokine alone from the donor cells was essential for the anticolitic effect. These data illustrate that HdAg evokes a unique regulatory program in macrophages, identifies HdAg-evoked IL-10 suppression of macrophage activation, and reveals the ability of HdAg-treated macrophages to educate ( i.e., condition) and mobilize CD4+CD25+ T cells, which could be deployed to treat colonic inflammation.-Reyes, J. L., Lopes, F., Leung, G., Jayme, T. S., Matisz, C. E., Shute, A., Burkhard, R., Carneiro, M., Workentine, M. L., Wang, A., Petri, B., Beck, P. L., Geuking, M. B., McKay, D. M., Macrophages treated with antigen from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta condition CD25+ T cells to suppress colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Reyes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla de Baz, México
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriella Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy S Jayme
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsea E Matisz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Shute
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matheus Carneiro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Arthur Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M McKay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan, and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
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10
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Schramm G, Suwandi A, Galeev A, Sharma S, Braun J, Claes AK, Braubach P, Grassl GA. Schistosome Eggs Impair Protective Th1/Th17 Immune Responses Against Salmonella Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2614. [PMID: 30487793 PMCID: PMC6246638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Countries with a high incidence of helminth infections are characterized by high morbidity and mortality to infections with intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella. Some patients with Salmonella-Schistosoma co-infections develop a so-called “chronic septicemic salmonellosis,” with prolonged fever and enlargement of the liver and spleen. These effects are most likely due to the overall immunoregulatory activities of schistosomes such as induction of Tregs, Bregs, alternatively activated macrophages, and degradation of antibodies. However, detailed underlying mechanisms are not very well investigated. Here, we show that intraperitoneal application of live Schistosoma mansoni eggs prior to infection with Salmonella Typhimurium in mice leads to an impairment of IFN-γ and IL-17 responses together with a higher bacterial load compared to Salmonella infection alone. S. mansoni eggs were found in granulomas in the visceral peritoneum attached to the colon. Immunohistological staining revealed IPSE/alpha-1, a glycoprotein secreted from live schistosome eggs, and recruited basophils around the eggs. Noteworthy, IPSE/alpha-1 is known to trigger IL-4 and IL-13 release from basophils which in turn is known to suppress Th1/Th17 responses. Therefore, our data support a mechanism of how schistosomes impair a protective immune response against Salmonella infection and increase our understanding of helminth-bacterial co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Schramm
- Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alibek Galeev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janin Braun
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Claes
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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11
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Identifying Therapeutic Targets for Sepsis Research: A Characterization Study of the Inflammatory Players in the Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5130463. [PMID: 30174555 PMCID: PMC6098915 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During sepsis, disturbed gastrointestinal motility and increased mucosal permeability can aggravate sepsis due to the increased risk of bacterial translocation. To help identify new therapeutic targets, there is a need for animal models that mimic the immunological changes in the gastrointestinal tract as observed during human sepsis. We therefore characterized in detail the gastrointestinal neuroimmune environment in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, which is the gold standard animal model of microbial sepsis. Mice were sacrificed at day 2 and day 7, during which gastrointestinal motility was assessed and cytokines were measured in the serum and the colon. In the spleen, lymph nodes, ileum, and colon, subsets of leukocyte populations were identified by flow cytometry. Septic animals displayed an impaired gastrointestinal motility at day 2 and day 7. Two days post-CLP, increased serum and colonic levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Flow cytometry revealed an influx of neutrophils in the colon and ileum, increased numbers of macrophages in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and an enhanced number of mast cells in all tissues. At day 7 post-CLP, lymphocyte depletion was observed in all tissues coinciding with increased IL-10 and TGF-β levels, as well as increased colonic levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ. Thus, CLP-induced sepsis in mice results in simultaneous activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory players at day 2 and day 7 in different tissues, mimicking human sepsis.
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12
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Endharti AT, Baskoro AD, Norahmawati E. Therapeutic effect of soluble worm protein acting as immune regulatory on colitis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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13
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Treatment with Cestode Parasite Antigens Results in Recruitment of CCR2+ Myeloid Cells, the Adoptive Transfer of Which Ameliorates Colitis. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3471-3483. [PMID: 27672083 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00681-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the immunological underpinnings of host-parasite interactions may reveal immune signaling pathways that could be used to treat inflammatory disease in humans. Previously we showed that infection with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, used as a model helminth, or systemic delivery of worm antigen (HdAg) significantly reduced the severity of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Extending these analyses, intraperitoneal injection of HdAg dose-dependently suppressed dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, and this was paralleled by reduced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and increased IL-10 production from mitogen-activated splenocytes. Treatment with HdAg resulted in a CCR2-dependent recruitment of CDllb+ F4/80+ Ly6Chi Gr-1lo monocyte-like cells into the peritoneum 24 h later that were predominantly programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive and CXCR2 negative. In vitro assays indicated that these cells were unable to suppress T cell proliferation but enhanced IL-10 and IL-4 production from activated T cells. Adoptive transfer of the HdAg-recruited monocytic cells into naive mice blocked DSS-induced colitis. These findings add to the variety of means by which treatment with parasitic helminth-derived antigens can ameliorate concomitant disease. A precise understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of HdAg and other helminth-derived antigens (and a parallel consideration of putative side effects) may lead to the development of novel therapies for human idiopathic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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14
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Oliveira SC, Figueiredo BC, Cardoso LS, Carvalho EM. A double edged sword: Schistosoma mansoni Sm29 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses in inflammatory mucosal diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1366-1371. [PMID: 27554296 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Barbara C Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
By reputation, the parasite is a pariah, an unwelcome guest. Infection with helminth parasites evokes stereotypic immune responses in humans and mice that are dominated by T helper (Th)-2 responses; thus, a hypothesis arises that infection with helminths would limit immunopathology in concomitant inflammatory disease. Although infection with some species of helminths can cause devastating disease and affect the course of microbial infections, analyses of rodent models of inflammatory disease reveal that infection with helminth parasites, or treatment with helminth extracts, can limit the severity of autoinflammatory disease, including colitis. Intriguing, but fewer, studies show that adoptive transfer of myeloid immune cells treated with helminth products/extracts in vitro can suppress inflammation. Herein, 3 facets of helminth therapy are reviewed and critiqued: treatment with viable ova or larvae, treatment with crude extracts of the worm or purified molecules, and cellular immunotherapy. The beneficial effect of helminth therapy often converges on the mobilization of IL-10 and regulatory/alternatively activated macrophages, while there are reports on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, regulatory T cells and dendritic cells, and recent data suggest that helminth-evoked changes in the microbiota should be considered when defining anticolitic mechanisms. We speculate that if the data from animal models translate to humans, noting the heterogeneity therein, then the choice between use of viable helminth ova, helminth extracts/molecules or antigen-pulsed immune cells could be matched to disease management in defined cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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16
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The omic approach to parasitic trematode research—a review of techniques and developments within the past 5 years. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2523-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory organic diseases represent a "postindustrial revolution epidemics," and their frequency has increased dramatically in the last century. Today, it is assumed that the increase in hygiene standards reduced the interactions with helminth parasites that coevolved with the immune system and are crucial for its proper functioning. Several helminths have been proposed and tested in the search of the ideal therapeutic. In this review, the authors summarize the translational and clinical studies and review the caveats and possible solutions for the optimization of helminth therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Alpaerts K, Buckinx R, Cools N, Heylen M, Nullens S, Berneman Z, De Winter B, Adriaensen D, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP. Effect of schistosomiasis on CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear phagocytes in the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes of the mouse. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1587-99. [PMID: 26303459 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) maintain immune homeostasis, only initiating an active immune response against invading pathogens. However, little information is available on the reaction of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) to intestinal trematode infection, a reaction equally important in helminth-based therapies. The CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs in the ileal lamina propria (LP) of the mouse were proven to migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). We analyzed all MNP subsets present in the mouse LP and MLNs, under steady-state conditions and during acute Schistosoma mansoni-induced inflammation. Furthermore, we studied the uptake of schistosomal antigens by MNP in vivo in the LP and MLNs. METHODS Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and multiparametric flow cytometry, we investigated distributional changes of the MNP during acute intestinal schistosomiasis. Next, S. mansoni-derived products, i.e., S. mansoni soluble worm proteins (SmSWP) and S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) were intraperitoneally injected into CX3CR1(+/) (GFP) C57BL/6 mice and antigen uptake was analyzed using confocal microscopy. KEY RESULTS The CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs significantly increased during intestinal schistosomiasis in the LP and MLNs. Only CX3CR1-expressing DC and MФ subsets, but not other LP DCs, are involved in both SmSWP and SmSEA antigen uptake and processing. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The significant upregulation of CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs during intestinal schistosomiasis and the restriction of phagocytosis of parasitic antigens to CX3CR1-expresssing MNP indicate a crucial role for this immune cell niche in response to trematodiasis. These findings add insight into the functional specialization of LP immune cells and add to the understanding of cellular mechanisms behind helminth-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alpaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Heylen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Nullens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Z Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - B De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J-P Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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