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Zhang P, Chen J, Zhao W, Liu J. Lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for geriatric inflammatory bowel disease accompanied by COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37888. [PMID: 38669420 PMCID: PMC11049714 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE This article presents a complex case of refractory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and outlines its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Considering inadequate responses to conventional and steroid treatments, the potential efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin is explored. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient, an elderly individual, experienced short-term fever and sore throat after encountering the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Despite receiving a 3-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the patient tested positive for the viral antigen and developed worsening symptoms, including diarrhea and recurrent fever. Initial antibiotic treatment for bacterial enteritis proved ineffective. DIAGNOSES Further evaluation, including endoscopy and pathology, confirmed the diagnosis of IBD with concurrent multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in adults, as evidenced by tachycardia and elevated inflammatory markers. INTERVENTIONS Following unsuccessful treatment with mesalazine, probiotics, corticosteroids, and supportive care, the patient underwent lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. OUTCOMES The patient experienced symptom improvement, with resolution of fever, diarrhea, and inflammation. At the 30-day follow-up, the patient remained afebrile, without diarrhea, and exhibited favorable mental status. LESSONS Elderly individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 may develop severe systemic inflammatory responses. The patients in this report predominantly presented with IBD following SARS-CoV-2 infection, accompanied by MIS. Favorable clinical outcomes were achieved following lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulin immunotherapy, which demonstrated superior efficacy compared to glucocorticoids in managing such conditions. Future research should prioritize investigating immunotherapy application strategies in IBD and MIS. Notably, the significant clinical improvement observed with lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulin administration could optimize the utilization of this limited medical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, PLA Joint Logistics Support Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, PLA Joint Logistics Support Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, PLA Joint Logistics Support Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, PLA Joint Logistics Support Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Drygiannakis I, Theodoraki E, Tsafaridou M, Koutroubakis I. Crohn's Disease-Like Features in a Patient With IgE and Selective IgG1 and IgG3 Deficiency. Cureus 2023; 15:e34655. [PMID: 36895538 PMCID: PMC9991486 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a 19-year-old male with congenital, combined deficiency of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and 2/4 subclasses of IgG (G1, G3) and chronic diarrhea. He presented at six years of age with chronic recurrent diarrhea responsive to immunoglobulin treatment. Initially, it was considered of infectious origin. However, at the age of 14 years, ileocolonoscopy and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) were performed, and they showed a mild, limited, non-specific, terminal ileitis with increased eosinophil count on histology. A diagnosis of possible eosinophilic gastroenteritis was made, and budesonide was administered with temporary relief. However, at the age of 19 years, repeat ileocolonoscopy showed multiple ulcers in the terminal ileum and aphthous ulcers in the cecum, and repeat MRE demonstrated extensive ileal involvement. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated the involvement of the upper GI tract with aphthous ulcers. Subsequently, gastric, ileal, and colonic biopsies revealed Ziehl-Neelsen-negative, non-caseating granulomas. We hereby report the first case of IgE and selective IgG1 and IgG3 deficiency complicated with Crohn's disease-like extensive GI involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Eirini Theodoraki
- Department of Gastroenterology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Maria Tsafaridou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Ioannis Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
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3
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Smith RL, Taylor KM, Friedman AB, Gibson DJ, Con D, Gibson PR. Early sonographic response to a new medical therapy is associated with future treatment response or failure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:613-621. [PMID: 35352696 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) accurately assesses inflammation and is responsive to changes in inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to determine the prognostic utility of sonographic response in the first 14 weeks of a newly-instituted therapy with therapeutic response at 46 weeks and to compare its performance with standard clinical assessment tools. METHODS Patients with sonographic evidence of inflammation were assessed by GIUS, clinical activity, serum C-reactive protein and faecal calprotectin again 2, 6 and 14 weeks after commencing a new biologic or thiopurine. Treatment failure was defined as undergoing surgery, hospitalisation, escalation of dosage or introduction of new medication over 46-weeks' follow-up. Sonographic response was defined as a decrease in bowel wall thickness and improved vascularity. RESULTS In 31 patients (median age 49 years, 74% Crohn's disease), sonographic response at 14 weeks [OR 19.3, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.23-101.10; P = 0.0054] and faecal calprotectin (P = 0.018), but no clinical disease activity or C-reactive protein, were predictive of subsequent treatment response. Sonographic response alone was predictive at week 6 (P = 0.016), but not week 2. 16% reduction in bowel wall thickness at 6 weeks (area-under-the-receiver-operator-curve=0.86; P = 0.002; sensitivity 72%, specificity 90%), with similar performance for 10% at 14 weeks, was associated with treatment response. CONCLUSION Sonographic response as early as 6 weeks after initiation of a new therapy may accurately predict treatment outcomes over 46 weeks and is superior to other markers used to monitor disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - Kirstin M Taylor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - Antony B Friedman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - David J Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - Danny Con
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
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4
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Wang J, Lv M, He L, Wang X, Lan Y, Chen J, Chen M, Zhang C, Tang R, Zhou D, Deng X, Li J, Guo T, Price M, Yue B, Fan Z. Transcriptomic landscape of persistent diarrhoea in rhesus macaques and comparison with humans and mouse models with inflammatory bowel disease. Gene 2021; 800:145837. [PMID: 34274469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a widespread disease in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and a small proportion of individuals may experience persistent diarrhoea. Persistent diarrhoea can lead to a compromised immune system, intestinal inflammation and malnutrition. We analyzed the blood transcriptomes of 10 persistent diarrhoeal and 12 healthy rhesus macaques to investigate the gene expression differences between the two groups. We identified 330 DEGs between persistent diarrhoeal and healthy rhesus macaques. The 211 up-regulated DEGs in the diarrhoeal group were mainly enriched in immune-related and interleukin-related categories. Among them, three interleukin (IL) 18 related DEGs (IL18, IL18R1, and IL18BP) played important roles in actively regulating pro-inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the up- and down-regulated DEGs were both enriched in the same immune-related categories. Thus, we applied a new method to examine the distribution of DEGs in all child categories. We found that interleukin and T cell related categories were mainly occupied by up-regulated DEGs, while immunoglobulin production and B cell related categories were enriched by down-regulated DEGs. We also compared rhesus macaque DEGs with the DEGs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) humans and IBD mouse models and found that 30-40% of macaque DEGs were shared with IBD humans and mouse models. In conclusion, our results showed that there were significant immune differences between persistent diarrhoeal rhesus macaques and healthy macaques, which was similar to the expression differences in IBD patients and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Lewei He
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Deng
- Lasa Sunshine Maternity Hospital, Lasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Lu Y, Wang C, Jiang B, Sun CC, Hoag SW. Effects of compaction and storage conditions on stability of intravenous immunoglobulin - Implication on developing oral tablets of biologics. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120737. [PMID: 34048928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological products, such as therapeutic proteins, vaccines and cell - based therapeutics have a rapidly growing global market. Monoclonal antibody represents a major portion of the biologics market. For biologics that target gastrointestinal tract, the oral delivery route offers many advantages, such as better patient compliance, easy administration and increased stability, over the parental route of administration. To lay the ground work for the oral delivery of biologics, we studied the solid state properties and effects of compaction pressure, particle size, and storage relative humidity on the stability of immunoglobulin G (IVIG). We employed complementary analytical and biophysical techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography and Dynamic light scattering to characterize the aggregates, circular dichroism and solid state Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate protein secondary structure and nano-DSC to probe thermal stability of protein conformations. Our results showed storage relative humidity could induce conformational changes and aggregation of IVIG. However, the IVIG binding activity did not significantly change with relative humidity. The commonly used compaction pressures did not promote protein aggregation, but noticeably reduced binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MN 21201, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MN 21201, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MN 21201, United States.
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Koutroumpakis F, Phillips AE, Yadav D, Machicado JD, Ahsan M, Ramos Rivers C, Tan X, Schwartz M, Proksell S, Johnston E, Dueker J, Hashash JG, Barrie A, Harrison J, Dunn MA, Konnikova L, Hartman DJ, Din H, Babichenko D, Tang G, Binion DG. Serum IgG4 Subclass Deficiency Defines a Distinct, Commonly Encountered, Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subtype. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:855-863. [PMID: 32879976 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G subclass 4 (IgG4) is hypothesized to play an immunomodulatory role, downregulating humoral immune responses. The role of this anti-inflammatory molecule in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully characterized. We sought to define alterations in serum IgG4 in patients with IBD and their association with multiyear disease severity. METHODS We analyzed metadata derived from curated electronic health records from consented patients with IBD prospectively followed at a tertiary center over a 10-year time period. Patients with IBD with IgG4 serum levels available formed the study population. Demographics and multiyear clinical data were collected and analyzed. We stratified patients with IBD with low, normal, or high serum IgG4 levels. RESULTS We found IgG4 characterized in 1193 patients with IBD and low IgG4 levels in 233 patients (20%) and elevated IgG4 levels in 61 patients (5%). An IgG4 deficiency did not significantly correlate with other antibody deficiencies. In a multiple Poisson regression analysis, low IgG4 was associated with more years on biologic agents (P = 0.002) and steroids (P = 0.049) and more hospital admissions (P < 0.001), clinic visits (P = 0.010), outpatient antibiotic prescriptions (P < 0.001), and CD-related surgeries (P = 0.011) during the study period after controlling for certain confounders. Elevated IgG4 was only associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (P = 0.011). A cohort of patients with IgG4-deficient severe IBD received intravenous Ig replacement therapy, which benefited and was continued in 10 out of 11 individuals. CONCLUSIONS An IgG4 subclass deficiency, distinct from other antibody deficiencies, occurred commonly in a referral IBD population and was associated with multiple markers of disease severity. This is the first association of IgG4 subclass deficiency with an inflammatory disease process. Further work is needed to define the mechanistic role of IgG4 deficiency in this severe IBD subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Koutroumpakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anna Evans Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jorge D Machicado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Maaz Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Claudia Ramos Rivers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marc Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Siobhan Proksell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elyse Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey Dueker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arthur Barrie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Janet Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael A Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hasieb Din
- Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dmitriy Babichenko
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gong Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David G Binion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Ghouri YA, Tahan V, Shen B. Secondary causes of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3998-4017. [PMID: 32821067 PMCID: PMC7403802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), conventionally consist of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the setting of appropriate environmental factors. The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysregulated autoimmune response to gut dysbiosis, which in turn is triggered due to exposure to various inciting environmental factors. But there is no clearly defined etiology of IBD and this type of disease is termed as “idiopathic IBD”, “classic IBD”, or “primary IBD”. We reviewed the current medical literature and found that certain etiological factors may be responsible for the development of IBD or IBD-like conditions, and we consider this form of de novo IBD as “secondary IBD”. Currently known factors that are potentially responsible for giving rise to secondary IBD are medications; bowel altering surgeries and transplantation of organs, stem cells or fecal microbiome. Medications associated with the development of secondary IBD include; immunomodulators, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, anti-interleukin agents, interferons, immune stimulating agents and checkpoint inhibitors. Colectomy can in some cases give rise to de novo CD, pouchitis of the ileal pouch, or postcolectomy enteritis syndrome. After solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the recipient may develop de novo IBD or IBD flare. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been widely used to treat patients suffering from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but can also causes IBD flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezaz A Ghouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri- School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Veysel Tahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri- School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Interventional IBD Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, United States
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Tavakolpour S, Darvishi M, Ghasemiadl M. Pharmacogenetics: A strategy for personalized medicine for autoimmune diseases. Clin Genet 2019; 93:481-497. [PMID: 29194620 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For many years, a considerable number of patients with autoimmune diseases (ADs) have suffered from a lack of drug response and drug-related toxicity. Despite the emergence of new therapeutic options such as biological agents, patients continue to struggle with these problems. Unfortunately, new challenges, including the paradoxical effects of biological drugs, have complicated the situation. In recent decades, efforts have been made to predict drug response as well as drug-related side effects. Thanks to the many advances in genetics, evaluation of markers to predict drug response/toxicity before the initiation of treatment may be an avenue toward personalizing treatments. Implementing pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in the clinic could improve clinical care; however, obstacles remain to effective personalized medicine for ADs. The present study attempted to clarify the concept of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics for ADs. After an overview on the pathogenesis of the most common types of treatments, this paper focuses on pharmacogenetic studies related to the selected ADs. Bridging the gap between pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine is also discussed. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages and recommendations related to making personalized medicine practical for ADs have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tavakolpour
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghasemiadl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Pabla BS, Scoville EA, Sarker S, Dalal RL, Horst SN, Schwartz DA, Beaulieu DB. Histoplasmosis as a Complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy: A Case Series. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:e69-e70. [PMID: 30544149 PMCID: PMC7327270 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep S Pabla
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Address correspondence to: Baldeep Pabla, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1301 Medical Center Drive, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, Nashville, TN 37232 ()
| | - Elizabeth A Scoville
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shabnam Sarker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robin L Dalal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara N Horst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dawn B Beaulieu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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10
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Kozicky LK, Menzies SC, Hotte N, Madsen KL, Sly LM. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or IVIg-treated macrophages reduce DSS-induced colitis by inducing macrophage IL-10 production. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1251-1268. [PMID: 31054259 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used to treat immune-mediated diseases but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We have reported that co-treatment with IVIg and lipopolysaccharide activates macrophages to produce large amounts of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in vitro. Thus, we asked whether IVIg-treated macrophages or IVIg could reduce intestinal inflammation in mice during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by inducing macrophage IL-10 production in vivo. Adoptive transfer of IVIg-treated macrophages reduces intestinal inflammation in mice and collagen accumulation post-DSS. IVIg treatment also reduces DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and its activity is dependent on the Fc portion of the antibody. Ex vivo, IVIg induces IL-10 production and reduces IL-12/23p40 and IL-1β production in colon explant cultures. Co-staining tissues for mRNA, we demonstrate that macrophages are the source of IL-10 in IVIg-treated mice; and using IL-10-GFP reporter mice, we demonstrate that IVIg induces IL-10 production by intestinal macrophages. Finally, IVIg-mediated protection is lost in mice deficient in macrophage IL-10 production (LysMcre+/- IL-10fl/fl mice). Together, our data demonstrate a novel, in vivo mechanism of action for IVIg. IVIg-treated macrophages or IVIg could be used to treat people with intestinal inflammation and may be particularly useful for people with inflammatory bowel disease, who are refractory to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kozicky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Turner D, Ruemmele FM, Orlanski-Meyer E, Griffiths AM, de Carpi JM, Bronsky J, Veres G, Aloi M, Strisciuglio C, Braegger CP, Assa A, Romano C, Hussey S, Stanton M, Pakarinen M, de Ridder L, Katsanos K, Croft N, Navas-López V, Wilson DC, Lawrence S, Russell RK. Management of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 1: Ambulatory Care-An Evidence-based Guideline From European Crohn's and Colitis Organization and European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:257-291. [PMID: 30044357 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contemporary management of ambulatory ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to be challenging with ∼20% of children needing a colectomy within childhood years. We thus aimed to standardize daily treatment of pediatric UC and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-unclassified through detailed recommendations and practice points. METHODS These guidelines are a joint effort of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) and the Paediatric IBD Porto group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). An extensive literature search with subsequent evidence appraisal using robust methodology was performed before 2 face-to-face meetings. All 40 included recommendations and 86 practice points were endorsed by 43 experts in Paediatric IBD with at least an 88% consensus rate. RESULTS These guidelines discuss how to optimize the use of mesalamine (including topical), systemic and locally active steroids, thiopurines and, for more severe disease, biologics. The use of other emerging therapies and the role of surgery are also covered. Algorithms are provided to aid therapeutic decision-making based on clinical assessment and the Paediatric UC Activity Index (PUCAI). Advice on contemporary therapeutic targets incorporating the use of calprotectin and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring are presented, as well as other management considerations around pouchitis, extraintestinal manifestations, nutrition, growth, psychology, and transition. A brief section on disease classification using the PIBD-classes criteria and IBD-unclassified is also part of these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines provide a guide to clinicians managing children with UC and IBD-unclassified management to provide modern management strategies while maintaining vigilance around appropriate outcomes and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Turner
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne M Griffiths
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Amit Assa
- Schneider Children's Hospital, Petach Tikva, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Séamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mikko Pakarinen
- Helsinki University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nick Croft
- Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit. Hospital Materno, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - David C Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sally Lawrence
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Clarke AW, Poulton L, Shim D, Mabon D, Butt D, Pollard M, Pande V, Husten J, Lyons J, Tian C, Doyle AG. An anti-TL1A antibody for the treatment of asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. MAbs 2018; 10:664-677. [PMID: 29436901 PMCID: PMC5973687 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1440164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TL1A is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of mucosal inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Blockade of the TL1A pathway has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses while leaving baseline immunity intact, and to be beneficial in animal models of colitis and asthma. Given the therapeutic potential of blocking this pathway in IBD and asthma, we developed C03V, a human antibody that binds with high affinity to soluble and membrane-bound TL1A. In an assay measuring apoptosis induced by exogenous TL1A, C03V was 43-fold more potent than the next most potent anti-TL1A antibody analyzed. C03V also potently inhibited endogenous TL1A activity in a primary cell-based assay. This potency was linked to the C03V-binding epitope on TL1A, encompassing the residue R32. This residue is critical for the binding of TL1A to its signaling receptor DR3 but not to its decoy receptor DcR3, and explains why C03V inhibited TL1A-DR3 binding to a much greater extent than TL1A-DcR3 binding. This characteristic may be advantageous to preserve some of the homeostatic functions of DcR3, such as TL1A antagonism. In colitis models, C03V significantly ameliorated microscopic, macroscopic and clinical aspects of disease pathology, and in an asthma model it significantly reduced airways inflammation. Notable in both types of disease model was the reduction in fibrosis observed after C03V treatment. C03V has the potential to address unmet medical needs in asthma and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Clarke
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Lynn Poulton
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Doris Shim
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - David Mabon
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Danyal Butt
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Matthew Pollard
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Vanya Pande
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Jean Husten
- b Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Biologics , Assays and Technology , West Chester , PA , USA
| | - Jacquelyn Lyons
- b Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Biologics , Assays and Technology , West Chester , PA , USA
| | - Chen Tian
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
| | - Anthony G Doyle
- a Teva Pharmaceuticals, R&D , Biologics, Lead Antibody Discovery , Sydney , Australia
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Jain S, Kedia S, Bopanna S, Yadav DP, Goyal S, Sahni P, Pal S, Dash NR, Makharia G, Travis SPL, Ahuja V. Are Truelove and Witts criteria for diagnosing acute severe colitis relevant for the Indian population? A prospective study. Intest Res 2018; 16:69-74. [PMID: 29422800 PMCID: PMC5797274 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Truelove and Witts criteria have been used to define acute severe colitis since the 1950s. However, hemoglobin (an additional criterion of the definition) levels in the general population in developing countries are lower than in the population of developed countries. We aimed to determine the relevance of Truelove and Witts criteria in the Indian population. METHODS Consecutive patients with acute severe colitis satisfying the Truelove and Witts criteria, hospitalized at a single center between April 2015 and December 2016 were included. All patients received intravenous corticosteroids and 16 required colectomy. The hemoglobin levels at admission were subsequently excluded from the classification criteria, and the effect this had on the criteria for diagnosis was determined. RESULTS Out of 61 patients of acute severe colitis diagnosed according to the original Truelove and Witts criteria, 12 patients (20%) had 1 additional criterion, 33 (54%) had 2 additional criteria and 16 (26%) had 3 or more additional criteria in addition to 6 or more blood stained stools on admission. On excluding hemoglobin as an additional criterion from the Truelove and Witts definition, all patients still met the criteria for acute severe colitis. CONCLUSIONS Truelove and Witts criteria can be used to define acute severe colitis in India, despite lower mean hemoglobin in the native population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sawan Bopanna
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dawesh P Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujoy Pal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Simon P. L. Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Jain S, Kedia S, Bopanna S, Sachdev V, Sahni P, Dash NR, Pal S, Vishnubhatla S, Makharia G, Travis SPL, Ahuja V. Faecal Calprotectin and UCEIS Predict Short-term Outcomes in Acute Severe Colitis: Prospective Cohort Study. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1309-1316. [PMID: 29088461 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early objective markers for failure of intravenous[iv] corticosteroid for acute severe colitis [ASC] can avoid delay in rescue therapy or colectomy. We investigated faecal calprotectin [FC], C-reactive protein [CRP], and endoscopy using the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity [UCEIS] as predictors of steroid failure following intensive therapy of ASC. METHODS Consecutive patients with ASC satisfying Truelove and Witts' criteria, hospitalised at a single centre from May 2015 to November 2016, were included; all received iv corticosteroids. The primary outcome measure was steroid failure defined as colectomy and/or rescue therapy with ciclosporin or infliximab during admission. FC levels were measured at admission and on Day 3 of intensive therapy. UCEIS was scored at admission, and CRP on Day 3 of intensive therapy. RESULTS Of 49 patients, 21 [43%] failed iv corticosteroids and 15 [31%] underwent surgery. FC levels were significantly higher in steroid failures (2522 [590-9654] µg/g) compared with steroid responders (1530 [352-10278] µg/g) at admission [p = 0.04], as well as on Day 3 of iv corticosteroid therapy (2718 [222-9175] µg/g vs 727 [218-4062] µg/g, p = 0.001). Steroid failures had a higher median [range] UCEIS score than responders (6 [4-8] vs 5 [4-7] [p = 0.001]). CRP level did not differ significantly between steroid failures and responders. A UCEIS > 6 at admission and FC > 1000 µg/g on Day 3 were independent predictors of steroid failure and need for rescue therapy/colectomy. CONCLUSIONS All patients with UCEIS > 6 and Day 3 FC > 1000 µg/g failed iv corticosteroids. The UCEIS score on admission and Day 3 FC are early predictors of failure of ivcorticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon P L Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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Efficacy and Factors Associated with Treatment Response of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Inpatients with Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1080-1087. [PMID: 28452863 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has demonstrated promise in the treatment of medically refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to identify factors associated with IVIG failures in the treatment of refractory IBD. METHODS Our historical cohort included patients with refractory IBD admitted to our inpatient service with an exacerbation and treated with at least 1 dose of IVIG (0.4 g/kg). Detailed clinical variables were recorded for subjects. Examined outcomes included changes in disease-specific severity indices, the duration of surgery-free survival after IVIG, infusion reactions, subsequent IBD-related emergency department visits, hospital readmissions, and mortality. RESULTS Fifty-four subjects with refractory IBD (61% female, age 42 ± 16 yrs, 23 with Crohn's disease, 15 with ulcerative colitis, 16 with pouchitis) met the inclusion criteria. All disease severity scores were significantly improved after IVIG administration (Harvey-Bradshaw index P = 0.007, partial Mayo score P = 0.002, modified Pouchitis Disease Activity Index P = 0.008). Twenty-seven patients (50%) underwent surgery, with a mean surgery-free survival of 28.7 ± 3.7 months. In univariable analysis, patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) had a 3-fold increased risk of bowel resection surgery after IVIG compared with those without (hazard ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.4; P = 0.023), and in subsequent multivariable analysis, CDI remained significant (hazard ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.6; P = 0.024). CDI was also associated with increased risk of hospital readmission (hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.05-5.9; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that IVIG is beneficial in patients with medically refractory IBD, and that concomitant CDI is a risk factor for the treatment failure of IVIG for refractory disease.
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Horton N, Wu X, Philpott J, Garber A, Achkar JP, Brzezinski A, Lashner BA, Shen B. Impact of Low Immunoglobulin G Levels on Disease Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:3270-3277. [PMID: 27619393 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are considered immune-mediated disorders with dysregulated innate and adaptive immunities. Secondary immunogloblin deficiency can occur in IBD and its impact on the disease course of IBD is not clear. AIMS We sought to determine associations between low IgG/G1 levels and poor clinical outcomes in IBD patients. METHODS This historic cohort study was performed on IBD patients with obtained IgG/IgG1 levels. The primary outcome was defined as any IBD-related bowel resection surgery and/or hospitalization. Subgroup analyses assessed particular surgical outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or indeterminate colitis (IC), and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The secondary outcomes included IBD drug escalations and C. difficile or cytomegalovirus infections. RESULTS A total of 136 IBD patients had IgG/G1 levels checked and adequate follow-up, 58 (42.6 %) with normal IgG/G1 levels and 78 (57.4 %) having low levels. A total of 49 patients (62.8 %) with low immunoglobulin levels had IBD-related surgeries or hospitalizations, compared to 33 patients (56.9 %) with normal levels [odds ratio (OR) 1.28, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.64-2.56; p = 0.49]. Low IgG/G1 levels were associated with IBD-related surgery in CD in univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 4.42, 95 % CI 1.02-19.23; p = 0.048] and in Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis (p = 0.03), with a trend toward significance on multivariate analysis (HR 3.07, 95 % CI 0.67-14.31; p = 0.15). IBD patients with low IgG/G1 levels required more small bowel resections (12.8 vs. 1.7 %, p = 0.024) and 5-aminosalicylate initiations (28.2 vs. 13.8 %, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a possible association between low IgG/G1 levels and poor outcomes in CD including surgery. Future implications include using immunoglobulin levels in IBD patients as a prognostic indicator or boosting humoral immunity as a treatment in this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Horton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Philpott
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ari Garber
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Achkar
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Aaron Brzezinski
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bret A Lashner
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute-A31, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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