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KE B, Tayal V, Egambarame V, Roy V. Lithium Induced Amenorrhea: A First Case Report. Acta Med Litu 2024; 31:33-36. [PMID: 38978861 PMCID: PMC11227670 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2024.31.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old female, known case of bipolar disorder had history of amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) for three years. While other causes of amenorrhea such as CNS, pregnancy, other medications, and thyroid issues were ruled out, she was found to have hyper-prolactinemia. Although antipsychotic medications are known to cause amenorrhea due to dopamine receptor blockade, which may result in hyperprolactinemia, the patient's symptoms began before she started these medications. Only drug that she was on for long period is lithium. Current literature shows mixed evidence about lithium's impact on prolactin levels, which can affect menstruation. This case may represent the first report of lithium causing amenorrhea through elevated prolactin levels. Clinicians should be aware of this potential side effect and monitor patients accordingly. Further studies are needed to confirm and understand this potential link.
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Naughton S, O'Hara K, Nelson J, Keightley P. Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine can affect milk supply: Advice to breastfeeding mothers. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:201-204. [PMID: 36825499 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231159510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to review the effects of Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonist (DRPA) antipsychotic medications on milk supply and breastfeeding. METHOD Narrative review of selected literature including animal and human data. RESULTS Scant case study evidence suggests that DRPAs may lead to reduced milk supply for some. CONCLUSIONS Women taking DRPAs should be advised of the possibility that these may affect milk supply, and reporting should be encouraged to aid future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharna Naughton
- Mental Health, Justice Health, Alcohol and Drug Services, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Kate O'Hara
- Pharmacy Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarren Nelson
- Pharmacy Department, Canberra Health Services, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip Keightley
- ANU Medical School, Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Woden, ACT, Australia; CAMHS Perinatal and Infant Mental Health Consultation Service, Canberra Health Services, Phillip, ACT, Australia
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3
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Kotzalidis GD, Rapinesi C, Chetoni C, De Filippis S. Aripiprazole IM depot as an option for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1407-1416. [PMID: 33847183 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1910236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs are developed to reduce daily intake need and to overcome treatment non-adherence. Aripiprazole IM depot refers to two long-acting aripiprazole formulations, once monthly monohydrate (AOM) and aripiprazole lauroxil. AOM has been approved for schizophrenia since 2012 and for bipolar disorder since 2017. Aripiprazole lauroxil is approved for schizophrenia, not for bipolar disorder.Areas covered: To assess the effect of AOM in bipolar disorder, the authors searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized trials using AOM in patients with bipolar disorder. Included were four studies covering efficacy, functioning, quality of life, and safety/tolerability. Studies lasted 12 months.Expert opinion: AOM reduced symptoms of patients with bipolar disorder and a manic episode, increased functioning and quality of life, and protected from recurrence of manic episodes. It proved to be safe/tolerable, with only akathisia occurring in ≥10% of cases and more frequently than with placebo. However, there were only 143 patients receiving AOM in the considered studies. Included studies were backed in their conclusions by other literature, but they come from 2017-2018. No studies are expected or planned in the near future. Aripiprazole lauroxil has not applied for approval in bipolar disorder and there is no sign it will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Villa Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano Di Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Rapinesi
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Chetoni
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio De Filippis
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Villa Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano Di Roma, Italy
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Rusgis MM, Alabbasi AY, Nelson LA. Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:862-871. [PMID: 33954421 PMCID: PMC7989660 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose This article aims to evaluate management options for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated treatment considerations such as efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications, and dosing regimens. Summary Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics. First-line management includes reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic, discontinuing the antipsychotic, or switching to another antipsychotic associated with a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia. However, these options are not always practical and are associated with a risk of relapse of the psychiatric illness. Other management options include adjunctive aripiprazole, dopamine agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine), metformin, and herbal supplements. A search of Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar using key terms such as hyperprolactinemia, prolactin, antipsychotic, treatment guidelines, aripiprazole, dopamine agonist, cabergoline, bromocriptine, metformin, herbals, supplements, and medications was conducted for literature retrieval. Upon evaluation of the available literature we found the following: (1) aripiprazole is safe and effective in lowering prolactin levels within normal limits; (2) adjunctive cabergoline and bromocriptine decrease elevated prolactin levels, while cabergoline may be more effective in reducing prolactin but can also be associated with a more serious adverse effect of cardiac valvular abnormalities; (3) metformin causes a mild reduction of prolactin levels; and (4) there are limited data to support use of herbal medications (chamomile, Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction, and shakuyaku-kanzo-to) in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia Conclusion There are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen. However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Rusgis
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Afaq Y Alabbasi
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Nelson
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Aripiprazole Elevated the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level and is Associated With Hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 40:424-425. [PMID: 32639299 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alvarez-Herrera S, Escamilla R, Medina-Contreras O, Saracco R, Flores Y, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Maldonado-García JL, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pérez-Sánchez G, Pavón L. Immunoendocrine Peripheral Effects Induced by Atypical Antipsychotics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32373066 PMCID: PMC7186385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) or second-generation antipsychotics are the clinical option for schizophrenia treatment during acute psychoses, but they are also indicated for maintenance during lifetime, even though they are being used for other psychiatric conditions in clinical practice such as affective disorders and autism spectrum disorder, among others. These drugs are differentiated from typical antipsychotics based on their clinical profile and are a better choice because they cause fewer side effects regarding extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Even though they provide clear therapeutic benefits, AAP induce peripheral effects that trigger phenotypic, functional, and systemic changes outside the Central Nervous System (CNS). Metabolic disease is frequently associated with AAP and significantly impacts the patient's quality of life. However, other peripheral changes of clinical relevance are present during AAP treatment, such as alterations in the immune and endocrine systems as well as the intestinal microbiome. These less studied alterations also have a significant impact in the patient's health status. This manuscript aims to revise the peripheral immunological, endocrine, and intestinal microbiome changes induced by AAP consumption recommended in the clinical guidelines for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Escamilla
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Saracco
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yvonne Flores
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Lenin Pavón
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Bilgen Ulgar Ş, Ayaydın H. Hyperprolactinaemia and menstrual irregularity emerging in association with risperidone use and treated with aripiprazole in an adolescent diagnosed with schizophrenia: a case report. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Şermin Bilgen Ulgar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
| | - Hamza Ayaydın
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
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Guler G, Kutuk MO, Kara H. Amenorrhea as a Side Effect of Low Dose Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:343-345. [PMID: 30121986 PMCID: PMC6124876 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, infertility, and sexual dysfunction may arise as a consequence of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is one of major side effects of treatment with antipsychotics, but aripiprazole is known as a dopamine stabilizer antipsychotic which can be used to improve hyperprolactinemia. In this report, it was described that an adolescent patient experienced amenorrhea after adding very low dose aripiprazole to ongoing fluoxetine treatment regime for major depressive disorder. Additionally, this case showed that the patient recovered from the amenorrhea with replacement of aripiprazole with quetiapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Guler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elazig Mental Health Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Meryem Ozlem Kutuk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aksaray State Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea as a Side Effect of Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case (Aripiprazole-Related Hyperprolactinemic Galactorrhea). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 38:161-162. [PMID: 29360652 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kenar ANI, Varma GS. Hyperprolactinemia with Aripiprazole: a Case Report and Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20131021025639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Inci Kenar
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli - Turkey
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Park YM, Lee SH, Lee BH, Lee KY, Lee KS, Kang SG, Lee HY, Kim W. Prolactin and macroprolactin levels in psychiatric patients receiving atypical antipsychotics: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:184-9. [PMID: 27010188 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to clarify whether atypical antipsychotics can elevate serum levels of both macroprolactin and prolactin, and whether the macroprolactin levels differ according to the type of atypical antipsychotic being taken. In total, 245 subjects were enrolled consecutively in 6 hospitals. Serum prolactin and macroprolactin levels were measured at a single time point during maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy. The mean total serum prolactin levels including macroprolactin were 11.91, 20.73, 16.41, 50.83, 12.84, and 59.1ng/mL for patients taking aripiprazole, blonanserin, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone, respectively, while those for macroprolactin were 1.71, 3.86, 3.73, 7.28, 2.77, and 8.0ng/mL. The total prolactin and macroprolactin levels were significantly higher among those taking paliperidone and risperidone than among those taking any of the other antipsychotics (p<0.01). Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between serum levels of prolactin and macroprolactin. Sexual dysfunction was reported in 35.5% (87/245) of the total subjects. However, the total prolactin level did not differ significantly between subjects with and without sexual dysfunction except gynecomastia. These findings suggest that treatment with risperidone and paliperidone can induce hyperprolactinemia and macroprolactinemia in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bun-Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Eunpyeong Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon Chamsarang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medication. Switching over to aripiprazole or adjunctive aripiprazole has been advocated for optimal management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole has been shown to normalize prolactin levels without affecting already achieved improvements in psychotic symptoms. However, here, we present the case of a 36 year old female with delusional disorder who developed symptomatic hyperprolactinemia while on aripiprazole treatment. Dopamine acts as a tonic inhibitor of prolactin secretion through the tubero-infundibular dopaminergic system. Aripiprazole being a partial agonist has a lower intrinsic activity at the D2 receptor than dopamine, allowing it to act as both, a functional agonist and antagonist, depending on the surrounding levels of dopamine. Hence, in the absence of a competing D2 antagonist and the presence of dopamine (the natural agonist), aripiprazole could act as a functional antagonist and thus elevate prolactin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Padamadan Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
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Burback L. Management of a microprolactinoma with aripiprazole in a woman with cabergoline-induced mania. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2015; 2015:150100. [PMID: 26587235 PMCID: PMC4650831 DOI: 10.1530/edm-15-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously healthy 32-year-old woman developed cyclical mood swings after being prescribed cabergoline for a pituitary microprolactinoma. These mood swings persisted for over 2 years, at which point she developed an acute manic episode with psychotic features and was admitted to a psychiatry unit. Cabergoline was discontinued and replaced with aripiprazole 10 mg/day. Her manic episode quickly resolved, and she was discharged within 6 days of admission. The aripiprazole suppressed her prolactin levels for over 18 months of follow-up, even after the dose was lowered to 2 mg/day. There was no significant change in tumor size over 15 months and treatment was well tolerated. However, after 9 months of taking 2 mg aripiprazole, she developed brief manic symptoms, and the dose was returned to 10 mg daily, with good effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Burback
- Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Addiction and Mental Health Program, Alberta Health Services , 17480 Fort Road, Post Office Box 307, Edmonton, Alberta , Canada T5J 2J7
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