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Cook R, Zima L, Khazaal J, Williams J. Low-velocity penetrating brain injury: a review of the literature and illustrative case. Brain Inj 2024; 38:668-674. [PMID: 38555515 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2336067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-velocity penetrating brain injury (LVPBI) is a class of brain injury where a foreign object violates the skull and damages the brain. Such injuries are rare and consequently understudied. CASE As such, we report an illustrative case of a 29-year-old female with a dense, plastic spike penetrating her right orbit and into her midbrain. After assessment with a CT scan and angiography, the object was removed with careful attention to possible vascular injury. The patient had an uncomplicated post-operative course and received antibiotic and antiepileptic prophylaxis. She was discharged on post-operative day 5, experiencing only mild left-sided weakness. DISCUSSION Common concerns regarding LVPBI include infection, post-traumatic epilepsy, and vascular injury. A review of published LVPBI cases over the past 20 years demonstrated that most cases (55.2%) are due to accidents. Of patients undergoing surgery, 43.4% underwent a craniotomy, and 22.8% underwent a craniectomy. Despite the grave nature of LVPBI, only 13.5% of the patients died. Additionally, 6.5% of patients developed an infection over their clinical course. CONCLUSION In all, more reported cases further paint a picture of the current state of management and outcomes regarding LVPBI, paving the way for more cohesive guidelines to ensure the best possible patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Zima
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jawad Khazaal
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Murray L. Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature. Brain Inj 2021; 35:164-172. [PMID: 33385306 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1867767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nail guns are important time saving devices but are associated with morbidity and mortality. Specifically, craniocerebral injuries have been reported in the literature since 1963 and have increased in frequency as the use of these tools has become commonplace. There remains a paucity of literature comprehensively assessing nail gun injuries, as compared with other penetrating craniocerebral injuries like those from firearms. METHOD A literature review of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane library, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1960 and 2018 reporting craniocerebral nail gun injuries. RESULTS In total, 96 individual cases were identified, with 80 meeting inclusion criteria. These were categorized as accidental and intentional injuries. The demographic was overwhelmingly young males (97.5%), and intentional self-inflicted injuries (54%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. Overall mortality was 10%. Mortality was more common in patients with intentional injuries, but morbidity rates were similar between the accidental and intentional injury cohorts. Post-operative complications rate was 23.8%. CONCLUSION Craniocerebral nail gun injuries are associated with lower rates of both mortality and residual neurological deficits than craniocerebral firearms injuries. There is limited data to inform clinical prognostication about long-term neurological impairments and the time to recovery which should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Murray
- Division of Surgery & Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
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Xiang G, Wu Z, Zhao X, Zhao X, Feng Y. Nail Gun Injury of the Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:321-325. [PMID: 31470149 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first report about nail gun injuries in 1959, there has been an average of approximately 37,000 patients hurt by nail guns and treated in emergency departments. Carotid arterial injury by nail gun has been reported, but vertebral artery damage is extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION A 42-year-old man was transported to the emergency department after suffering an accidental self-inflicted nail gun injury to the left lateral aspect of his neck. Radiographic imaging of the cervical spine revealed a 3.1-cm metallic nail in the C5 region. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed the nail passing through the left C5 transverse foramen and compressing the left vertebral artery. He was immediately brought to the operating room for removal of the nail. At 1-month follow-up, the patient did not have any neck complaints and postoperative CT angiogram indicated the patient was asymptomatic with no signs of complication or infection. CONCLUSIONS Based on our experience and a review of the literature, in terms of treating a nail gun injury to the cervical spine, we would like emphasize that preoperative CT scan or CT angiogram is necessary to assess the location and shape of the nail, especially nails with barbers or washers. Improving awareness of the risk from accidental nail gun trauma may lead to better prevention of this rare but potentially life-threatening injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Dow R, Shah K, Gupta G, Censullo M, Roychowdhury S. Interventional Removal of Traumatic Nail from Skull Base After Endovascular Coiling of Internal Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein. World Neurosurg 2018; 115:138-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu R, Ye Y, Liu C, Yang C, Qin H. Management of Penetrating Brain Injury Caused by a Nail Gun: Three Case Reports and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:143-147. [PMID: 29410036 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury (PBI) caused by a nail gun is an extremely rare neurosurgical emergency that poses a challenge for neurosurgeons because of its rarity and complexity. CASE DESCRIPTION Here we present 3 cases of PBI caused by a nail gun. In the first case, the nail entered through the right parietal bone and lodged in the right parietal lobe and basal ganglia. In the second case, the nail entered through the right occipital bone and lodged in the right occipital lobe. In the third case, the nail entered through the right parietal bone and lodged in the right frontal and parietal lobes. All patients underwent surgical removal of the nail. The first patient presented with reduced left-side strength, whereas the second and third patients were neurologically intact on presentation. CONCLUSIONS PBI caused by a nail gun can present with differing clinical manifestations, and most cases require immediate surgery. A rational management strategy should provide a good postoperative prognosis with minimal neurologic deficits in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Changchun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Huaping Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou City, China.
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Choi KJ, Ryan MA, Cheng T, Powers D. Penetrating Craniomaxillofacial Injury Caused by a Pneumatic Nail Gun. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2017; 10:159-161. [PMID: 28523090 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial injuries can be complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The primary survey is always the first step in trauma management prior to proceeding with further evaluation and treatment. A 26-year-old man presented with a penetrating nail gun injury through the oral and nasal cavities. He did not present in extremis but required elective endotracheal intubation for intraoperative assessment and treatment. Airway management was enhanced by the use of lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve blocks via the Vazirani-Akinosi technique to maintain spontaneous respiration while the tongue was distracted from the palate. The nail was removed and rapid sequence induction initiated for orotracheal intubation. Local nerve blocks can be an effective tool in the armamentarium of the craniomaxillofacial trauma surgeon in managing blunt and penetrating injuries. We demonstrate its utility in airway management when a penetrating foreign body in the upper airway precludes orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jae Choi
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marisa Ann Ryan
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tracy Cheng
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Powers
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Zyck S, Toshkezi G, Krishnamurthy S, Carter DA, Siddiqui A, Hazama A, Jayarao M, Chin L. Treatment of Penetrating Nonmissile Traumatic Brain Injury. Case Series and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 91:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Intraoral approach for surgical removal of a nail in penetrating maxillofacial injury. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:e127-8. [PMID: 23524807 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e318268d0a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual case of penetrating maxillofacial injury caused by a nail gun is presented. In this case, the foreign body was shot into the left infratemporal fossa and maxillary sinus through the left cheek. We used an intraoral approach that allowed precise localization of the point of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla through which the nail penetrated the maxillary sinus. The nail was successfully removed and the patient was discharged with complete recovery. The details of the surgical approach as well as localization techniques are described. Different approaches to remove the nail as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
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Atay M, Alkan A, Hanimoglu H, Sharifov R, Kilicarslan R, Aralasmak A. CT angiography evaluation of unusual transorbital penetrating injury: a toothbrush. J Neuroimaging 2013; 23:314-6. [PMID: 23421624 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital penetrating injuries may cause significant harm to optic nerves and eyeball as well as to the brain and cerebral vasculature. Defining surrounding neurovascular structures by CT angiography (CTA) is important for surgical removal. We present an uncommon case of a 3-year-old child with a penetrating orbital injury caused by a toothbrush. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report orbital injury with a toothbrush so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Atay
- School of Medicine Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sajad M, Kirmani MA, Patigaroo AR. Neglected foreign body infratemporal fossa, a typical presentation: a case report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 63:96-8. [PMID: 22754853 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25 year old male presented to our ENT OPD with the history of hyperemic swelling left zygomatic area with a pointed pustule in the centre resembling a furuncle,which progressed into a discharging sinus, complicated by trismus. The patient had a past history of trauma in the vicinity of the left zygomatic area 4-months back with a pointed stick the tip of the stick which had got lodged in the wound at that time was removed. The diagnostic dilemma was solved as neglected foreign body infratemporal fossa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sajad
- Department of ENT, SKIMS MC Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Bhattacharya SK, Gomes J, Cebulla CM. Toward failure analyses in systems biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 2:507-517. [PMID: 20836044 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Parallels between designed and biological systems with respect to formal failure analyses have been presented. Failure analysis in designed systems depends on an identified, limited set of parameters or operation variables with high predictive value. In contrast, the biological systems pose problems in identification of operation variables and the identified variables may not be accurate predictors of failure. The difficulty in parameter identification is because of large numbers of components and the inability to envelope variables at each compartment or contour level. Contour level maps for biological systems are currently non-existent, and most failure models are based on very limited, unilateral operation variables (a mutant gene). Operation variable identification within each contour level will enhance failure analyses of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Gomes
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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