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Borges TJ, Murakami N, Lape IT, Gassen RB, Liu K, Cai S, Daccache J, Safa K, Shimizu T, Ohori S, Paterson AM, Cravedi P, Azzi J, Sage P, Sharpe A, Li XC, Riella LV. Overexpression of PD-1 on T cells promotes tolerance in cardiac transplantation via an ICOS-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142909. [PMID: 34752418 PMCID: PMC8783692 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway is a potent inhibitory pathway involved in immune regulation and is a potential therapeutic target in transplantation. In this study, we show that overexpression of PD-1 on T cells (PD-1 Tg) promotes allograft tolerance in a fully MHC-mismatched cardiac transplant model when combined with costimulation blockade with CTLA-4–Ig. PD-1 overexpression on T cells also protected against chronic rejection in a single MHC II–mismatched cardiac transplant model, whereas the overexpression still allowed the generation of an effective immune response against an influenza A virus. Notably, Tregs from PD-1 Tg mice were required for tolerance induction and presented greater ICOS expression than those from WT mice. The survival benefit of PD-1 Tg recipients required ICOS signaling and donor PD-L1 expression. These results indicate that modulation of PD-1 expression, in combination with a costimulation blockade, is a promising therapeutic target to promote transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Isadora T Lape
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo B Gassen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Songjie Cai
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Joe Daccache
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kassem Safa
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Tetsunosuke Shimizu
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shunsuke Ohori
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Alison M Paterson
- Department of Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Peter Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Arlene Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, United States of America
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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2
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Diessl J, Nandy A, Schug C, Habernig L, Büttner S. Stable and destabilized GFP reporters to monitor calcineurin activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7:106-114. [PMID: 32274389 PMCID: PMC7136757 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.04.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase calcineurin is activated in response to rising intracellular Ca2+ levels and impacts fundamental cellular processes in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. In fungi, calcineurin orchestrates cellular adaptation to diverse environmental challenges and is essential for virulence of pathogenic species. To enable rapid and large-scale assessment of calcineurin activity in living, unperturbed yeast cells, we have generated stable and destabilized GFP transcriptional reporters under the control of a calcineurin-dependent response element (CDRE). Using the reporters, we show that the rapid dynamics of calcineurin activation and deactivation can be followed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. This system is compatible with live/dead staining that excludes confounding dead cells from the analysis. The reporters provide technology to monitor calcineurin dynamics during stress and ageing and may serve as a drug-screening platform to identify novel antifungal compounds that selectively target calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Diessl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Schug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Habernig
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Riella LV, Djamali A, Pascual J. Chronic allograft injury: Mechanisms and potential treatment targets. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2017; 31:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Nakajima Y, Aoyama N, Takahashi F, Sasaki H, Hatanaka K, Moritomo A, Inami M, Ito M, Nakamura K, Nakamori F, Inoue T, Shirakami S. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4,6-diaminonicotinamide derivatives as novel and potent immunomodulators targeting JAK3. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4711-4722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Safa K, Chandran S, Wojciechowski D. Pharmacologic targeting of regulatory T cells for solid organ transplantation: current and future prospects. Drugs 2016; 75:1843-52. [PMID: 26493288 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of immunosuppressive medications used in kidney transplantation leading to a remarkable gain in short-term graft function and outcomes. Despite these major breakthroughs, improvements in long-term outcomes lag behind due to a stalemate between drug-related nephrotoxicity and chronic rejection typically due to donor-specific antibodies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to modulate the alloimmune response and can exert suppressive activity preventing allograft rejection in kidney transplantation. Currently available immunosuppressive agents impact Tregs in the alloimmune milieu with some of these interactions being deleterious to the allograft while others may be beneficial. Variable effects are seen with common antibody induction agents such that basiliximab, an IL-2 receptor blocker, decreases Tregs while lymphocyte depleting agents such as antithymocyte globulin increase Tregs. Calcineurin inhibitors, a mainstay of maintenance immunosuppression since the mid-1980s, seem to suppress Tregs while mammalian targets of rapamycin (less commonly used in maintenance regimens) expand Tregs. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of Treg biology in transplantation, identify in more detail the interactions between commonly used immunosuppressive agents and Tregs in kidney transplantation and lastly describe future directions in the use of Tregs themselves as therapy for tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Safa
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sindhu Chandran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco Medical center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Wojciechowski
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Park HS, Chow EWL, Fu C, Soderblom EJ, Moseley MA, Heitman J, Cardenas ME. Calcineurin Targets Involved in Stress Survival and Fungal Virulence. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005873. [PMID: 27611567 PMCID: PMC5017699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin governs stress survival, sexual differentiation, and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Calcineurin is activated by increased Ca2+ levels caused by stress, and transduces signals by dephosphorylating protein substrates. Herein, we identified and characterized calcineurin substrates in C. neoformans by employing phosphoproteomic TiO2 enrichment and quantitative mass spectrometry. The identified targets include the transactivator Crz1 as well as novel substrates whose functions are linked to P-bodies/stress granules (PBs/SGs) and mRNA translation and decay, such as Pbp1 and Puf4. We show that Crz1 is a bona fide calcineurin substrate, and Crz1 localization and transcriptional activity are controlled by calcineurin. We previously demonstrated that thermal and other stresses trigger calcineurin localization to PBs/SGs. Several calcineurin targets localized to PBs/SGs, including Puf4 and Pbp1, contribute to stress resistance and virulence individually or in conjunction with Crz1. Moreover, Pbp1 is also required for sexual development. Genetic epistasis analysis revealed that Crz1 and the novel targets Lhp1, Puf4, and Pbp1 function in a branched calcineurin pathway that orchestrates stress survival and virulence. These findings support a model whereby calcineurin controls stress and virulence, at the transcriptional level via Crz1, and post-transcriptionally by localizing to PBs/SGs and acting on targets involved in mRNA metabolism. The calcineurin targets identified in this study share little overlap with known calcineurin substrates, with the exception of Crz1. In particular, the mRNA binding proteins and PBs/SGs residents comprise a cohort of novel calcineurin targets that have not been previously linked to calcineurin in mammals or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study suggests either extensive evolutionary rewiring of the calcineurin pathway, or alternatively that these novel calcineurin targets have yet to be characterized as calcineurin targets in other organisms. These findings further highlight C. neoformans as an outstanding model to define calcineurin-responsive virulence networks as targets for antifungal therapy. Calcineurin is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase essential for stress survival, sexual development, and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans and other major pathogenic fungi of global human health relevance. However, no calcineurin substrates are known in pathogenic fungi. Employing state-of-the-art phosphoproteomic approaches we identified calcineurin substrates, including calcineurin itself and the conserved Crz1 transcriptional activator known to function in calcium signaling and stress survival. Remarkably, our study also identified novel calcineurin targets involved in RNA processing, stability, and translation, which colocalize together with calcineurin in stress granules/P-bodies upon thermal stress. These findings support a model whereby calcineurin functions in a branched pathway, via Crz1 and several of the identified novel targets, that governs transcriptional and posttranscriptional circuits to drive stress survival, sexual development, and fungal virulence. Our study underscores C. neoformans as an experimental model to define basic paradigms of calcineurin signaling in global thermostress responsive virulence networks that can be targeted for fungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eve W. L. Chow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ci Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (MEC)
| | - Maria E. Cardenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (MEC)
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7
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Abstract
Transplantation is the rescue treatment for end-stage organ failure with more than 110,000 solid organs transplantations performed worldwide annually. Recent advances in transplantation procedures and posttransplantation management have improved long-term survival and quality of life of transplant recipients, shifting the focus from acute perioperative critical care needs toward long-term chronic medical problems. Neurologic complications affect up to 30-60 % of solid organ transplant recipients. Common etiologies include opportunistic infections and toxicities of antirejection medications, and wide spectrum of toxic and metabolic disturbances. Most complications are common to all allograft types, but some are relatively specific for individual allograft types (e.g., central pontine myelinolysis in liver transplant recipients). Close collaboration between neurologists and other transplant team members is essential for effective management. Early recognition of complications and accurate diagnosis leading to timely treatment is essential to reduce the morbidity and improve the overall transplant outcome.
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8
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Sindhi R, Ashokkumar C, Higgs BW, Levy S, Soltys K, Bond G, Mazariegos G, Ranganathan S, Zeevi A. Profile of the Pleximmune blood test for transplant rejection risk prediction. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:387-93. [PMID: 26760313 PMCID: PMC4965161 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1139455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Pleximmune™ test (Plexision Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) is the first cell-based test approved by the US FDA, which predicts acute cellular rejection in children with liver- or intestine transplantation. The test addresses an unmet need to improve management of immunosuppression, which incurs greater risks of opportunistic infections and Epstein-Barr virus-induced malignancy during childhood. High-dose immunosuppression and recurrent rejection after intestine transplantation also result in a 5-year graft loss rate of up to 50%. Such outcomes seem increasingly unacceptable because children can experience rejection-free survival with reduced immunosuppression. Pleximmune test sensitivity and specificity for predicting acute cellular rejection is 84% and 80% respectively in training set-validation set testing of 214 children. Among existing gold standards, the biopsy detects but cannot predict rejection. Anti-donor antibodies, which presage antibody-mediated injury, reflect late-stage allosensitization as a downstream effect of engagement between recipient and donor cells. Therefore, durable graft and patient outcomes also require accurate management of cellular immune responses in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sindhi
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Chethan Ashokkumar
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Brandon W Higgs
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Samantha Levy
- Plexision Inc., 4424 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Kyle Soltys
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Geoffrey Bond
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - George Mazariegos
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Transplant Surgery, 4401 Penn Avenue, FP-6/Transplant, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
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9
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Nakajima Y, Inoue T, Nakai K, Mukoyoshi K, Hamaguchi H, Hatanaka K, Sasaki H, Tanaka A, Takahashi F, Kunikawa S, Usuda H, Moritomo A, Higashi Y, Inami M, Shirakami S. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide derivatives as potent and orally efficacious immunomodulators targeting JAK3. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4871-4883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Nakajima Y, Tojo T, Morita M, Hatanaka K, Shirakami S, Tanaka A, Sasaki H, Nakai K, Mukoyoshi K, Hamaguchi H, Takahashi F, Moritomo A, Higashi Y, Inoue T. Synthesis and Evaluation of 1 H-Pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine Derivatives as Novel Immunomodulators Targeting Janus Kinase 3. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:341-53. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazuo Nakai
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc
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11
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Goldman A, Roy J, Bodenmiller B, Wanka S, Landry CR, Aebersold R, Cyert MS. The calcineurin signaling network evolves via conserved kinase-phosphatase modules that transcend substrate identity. Mol Cell 2014; 55:422-435. [PMID: 24930733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To define a functional network for calcineurin, the conserved Ca(2+)/calmodulin-regulated phosphatase, we systematically identified its substrates in S. cerevisiae using phosphoproteomics and bioinformatics, followed by copurification and dephosphorylation assays. This study establishes new calcineurin functions and reveals mechanisms that shape calcineurin network evolution. Analyses of closely related yeasts show that many proteins were recently recruited to the network by acquiring a calcineurin-recognition motif. Calcineurin substrates in yeast and mammals are distinct due to network rewiring but, surprisingly, are phosphorylated by similar kinases. We postulate that corecognition of conserved substrate features, including phosphorylation and docking motifs, preserves calcineurin-kinase opposition during evolution. One example we document is a composite docking site that confers substrate recognition by both calcineurin and MAPK. We propose that conserved kinase-phosphatase pairs define the architecture of signaling networks and allow other connections between kinases and phosphatases to develop that establish common regulatory motifs in signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Goldman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jagoree Roy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Wanka
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martha S Cyert
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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