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Alqahtani MM. Whole-Body SPECT/CT: Protocol Variation and Technical Consideration-A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1827. [PMID: 39202315 PMCID: PMC11353707 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introducing a hybrid imaging approach, such as single-photon emission computerized tomography with X-ray computed tomography (SPECT)/CT, improves diagnostic accuracy and patient management. The ongoing advancement of SPECT hardware and software has resulted in the clinical application of novel approaches. For example, whole-body SPECT/CT (WB-SPECT/CT) studies cover multiple consecutive bed positions, similar to positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). WB-SPECT/CT proves to be a helpful tool for evaluating bone metastases (BM), reducing equivocal findings, and enhancing user confidence, displaying effective performance in contrast to planar bone scintigraphy (PBS). Consequently, it is increasingly utilized and might substitute PBS, which leads to new questions and issues concerning the acquisition protocol, patient imaging time, and workflow process. Therefore, this review highlights various aspects of WB-SPECT/CT acquisition protocols that need to be considered to help understand WB-SPECT/CT workflow processes and optimize imaging protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour M. Alqahtani
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
- Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Kamiya T, Iimori T, Maeda Y, Yada N, Hayashi N, Iguchi H, Narita M. Administered dosage and effective dose estimated from 81Rb-rubidium hydroxide for lung ventilation scintigraphy using 81mKr noble gas. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:149-154. [PMID: 37987214 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the administered dosage of 81mKr noble gas as calculated by the radioactivity of 81Rb-rubidium hydroxide (81RbOH). The administered dosage was regarded as the total amount of 81mKr noble gas. The radioactivity of 81mKr was calculated using the radioactivity of 81RbOH at the examination, the beginning of inhalation, the inhalation duration and the attenuation volume from the generator to the patient for 81mKr noble gas. In addition, we created an Internet survey and asked National University Hospital in Japan to respond to questions regarding the parameters of concern. Survey responses were provided by 38 hospitals (response rate was 90.5%). Twenty-seven hospitals (64.3%) examined lung ventilation scintigraphy using 81mKr noble gas. The mean administered dosage and the effective dose of lung ventilation scintigraphy using 81mKr noble gas were 35.8 ± 22.1 GBq and 0.97 ± 0.60 mSv, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kamiya
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 5650871, Japan
| | - Takashi Iimori
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 2608677, Japan
| | - Yukito Maeda
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kita-gun 7610793, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yada
- Department of Radiology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Naoya Hayashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku 7830043, Japan
| | - Harumi Iguchi
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu 5202192, Japan
| | - Masataka Narita
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki 0368563, Japan
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Cerić Andelius I, Fridriksdóttir R, Minarik D, Hedeer F, Stenvall A, Trägårdh E, Oddstig J. Verification of reprojected planar images generated from a ring-configured cadmium zinc telluride gamma camera in scintigraphy for diagnosing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. IMAGING METHODS AND PRACTICE 2024; 2:qyae051. [PMID: 39224107 PMCID: PMC11367964 DOI: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aims Non-invasive diagnosis of amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis using planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) with [99mTc]Tc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid ([99mTc]Tc-DPD) has high specificity and sensitivity. However, the introduction of ring-configured cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) gamma cameras warrants an update in the acquisition method since these systems are not able to perform planar scintigraphy. We aimed to verify the use of reprojected planar images from SPECT-CT as a replacement for planar scintigraphy in evaluating ATTR-amyloidosis. Methods and results The study examined 30 patients referred for clinically indicated [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy who were scanned with both a conventional gamma camera and a ring-configured CZT gamma camera. Planar scintigraphy from the conventional gamma camera was compared with reprojected planar images from the ring-configured CZT gamma camera. The images were evaluated in regard to image quality and Perugini visual score in a blinded fashion by three nuclear medicine physicians. Heart-to-contralateral (H/CL) ratios were calculated. There were 27 patients who had an identical Perugini score in planar and reprojected planar images, yielding a strong level of agreement and inter-rater reliability among the three readers. The H/CL ratios showed a strong correlation ratio (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001). A shift towards lower image quality was seen for the reprojected images. Conclusion Reprojected planar images generated from a ring-configured CZT gamma camera combined with SPECT-CT can be used to score ATTR amyloidosis and extract H/CL ratios in the same way as planar images and SPECT-CT from a conventional gamma camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Cerić Andelius
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physicis, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ragnheidur Fridriksdóttir
- Department of Translational Medicine and Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 221 85 Lund/Inga Marie Nilssons gata 47, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Minarik
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physicis, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Hedeer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 221 85 Lund/Inga Marie Nilssons gata 47, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Stenvall
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physicis, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Trägårdh
- Department of Translational Medicine and Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 221 85 Lund/Inga Marie Nilssons gata 47, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenny Oddstig
- Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physicis, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine and Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Jabbarpour A, Ghassel S, Lang J, Leung E, Le Gal G, Klein R, Moulton E. The Past, Present, and Future Role of Artificial Intelligence in Ventilation/Perfusion Scintigraphy: A Systematic Review. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:752-765. [PMID: 37080822 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scans constitute one of the oldest nuclear medicine procedures, remain one of the few studies performed in the acute setting, and are amongst the few performed in the emergency setting. V/Q studies have witnessed a long fluctuation in adoption rates in parallel to continuous advances in image processing and computer vision techniques. This review provides an overview on the status of artificial intelligence (AI) in V/Q scintigraphy. To clearly assess the past, current, and future role of AI in V/Q scans, we conducted a systematic Ovid MEDLINE(R) literature search from 1946 to August 5, 2022 in addition to a manual search. The literature was reviewed and summarized in terms of methodologies and results for the various applications of AI to V/Q scans. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Thirty-one publications fulfilled our search criteria and were grouped into two distinct categories: (1) disease diagnosis/detection (N = 22, 71.0%) and (2) cross-modality image translation into V/Q images (N = 9, 29.0%). Studies on disease diagnosis and detection relied heavily on shallow artificial neural networks for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis and were primarily published between the mid-1990s and early 2000s. Recent applications almost exclusively regard image translation tasks from CT to ventilation or perfusion images with modern algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, and were published between 2019 and 2022. AI research in V/Q scintigraphy for acute PE diagnosis in the mid-90s to early 2000s yielded promising results but has since been largely neglected and thus have yet to benefit from today's state-of-the art machine-learning techniques, such as deep neural networks. Recently, the main application of AI for V/Q has shifted towards generating synthetic ventilation and perfusion images from CT. There is therefore considerable potential to expand and modernize the use of real V/Q studies with state-of-the-art deep learning approaches, especially for workflow optimization and PE detection at both acute and chronic stages. We discuss future challenges and potential directions to compensate for the lag in this domain and enhance the value of this traditional nuclear medicine scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jabbarpour
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siraj Ghassel
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jochen Lang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Leung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grégoire Le Gal
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ran Klein
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Eric Moulton
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Jubilant DraxImage Inc., Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
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Verrecchia-Ramos E, Morel O, Ginet M, Retif P, Ben Mahmoud S. Clinical validation of an AI-based automatic quantification tool for lung lobes in SPECT/CT. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 37733103 PMCID: PMC10513978 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung lobar ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) quantification is generally obtained by generating planar scintigraphy images and then imposing three equally sized regions of interest on the data of each lung. This method is fast but not as accurate as SPECT/CT imaging, which provides three-dimensional data and therefore allows more precise lobar quantification. However, the manual delineation of each lobe is time-consuming, which makes SPECT/CT incompatible with the clinical workflow for V/Q estimation. An alternative may be to use artificial intelligence-based auto-segmentation tools such as AutoLung3D (Siemens Healthineers, Knoxville, USA), which automatically delineate the lung lobes on the CT data acquired with the SPECT data. The present study assessed the clinical validity of this approach relative to planar scintigraphy and manual quantification in SPECT/CT. METHODS The Autolung3D software was tested on the retrospective SPECT/CT data of 43 patients who underwent V/Q scintigraphy with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin and 99mTc-labeled aerosol. It was compared to planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT using the manual quantification method in terms of relative lobar V/Q quantification values and interobserver variability. RESULTS The three methods provided similar V/Q estimates for the left lung lobes and total lungs. However, compared to the manual SPECT/CT method, planar scintigraphy yielded significantly higher estimates for the middle right lobe and significantly lower estimates for the superior and inferior right lobes. The estimates of the manual and automated SPECT/CT methods were similar. However, the post-processing time in the automated method was approximately 5 min compared to 2 h for the manual method. Moreover, the automated method associated with a drastic reduction in interobserver variability: Its maximal relative standard deviation was only 5%, compared to 23% for planar scintigraphy and 19% for the manual SPECT/CT method. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the AutoLung3D software for general clinical use since it rapidly provides accurate lobar quantification in V/Q scans with markedly less interobserver variability than planar scintigraphy or the manual SPECT/CT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Verrecchia-Ramos
- Department of Medical Physics, Mercy Hospital, CHR Metz-Thionville, 1, Allée du Château, 57530, Ars-Laquenexy, France.
| | - Olivier Morel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mercy Hospital, CHR Metz-Thionville, 1, Allée du Château, 57530, Ars-Laquenexy, France
| | - Merwan Ginet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mercy Hospital, CHR Metz-Thionville, 1, Allée du Château, 57530, Ars-Laquenexy, France
| | - Paul Retif
- Department of Medical Physics, Mercy Hospital, CHR Metz-Thionville, 1, Allée du Château, 57530, Ars-Laquenexy, France
- CNRS, CRAN, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sinan Ben Mahmoud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mercy Hospital, CHR Metz-Thionville, 1, Allée du Château, 57530, Ars-Laquenexy, France
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Bailey DL, Roach PJ. A Brief History of Lung Ventilation and Perfusion Imaging Over the 50-Year Tenure of the Editors of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 50:75-86. [PMID: 31843063 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ventilation/perfusion lung scan has been in continuous use for approximately half a century, the same lifetime as Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. Remarkably, the founding Editors-in-Chief have continued to guide the journal over this entire period. In this Feschrift issue celebrating their enormous contribution, we review the history of the lung scan, its highs and lows, the transition from planar to SPECT/CT V/Q scans, and the future that is in store in this age of multimodality functional imaging. We concur with the published view of one of the retiring editors (LMF) that V/Q scintigraphy is indeed alive and well and has a definite future in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Bailey
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul J Roach
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, Australia
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Le Roux PY, Pelletier-Galarneau M, De Laroche R, Hofman MS, Zuckier LS, Roach P, Vuillez JP, Hicks RJ, Le Gal G, Salaun PY. Pulmonary Scintigraphy for the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Survey of Current Practices in Australia, Canada, and France. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1212-7. [PMID: 26135110 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There are currently no data published regarding the proportion of nuclear medicine centers using SPECT or SPECT/CT rather than planar ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) imaging in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Furthermore, the reporting criteria used for interpretation of both planar and SPECT V/Q scans are variable and data are lacking regarding which criteria are commonly used in various centers. The aim of this study was to assess current practices regarding the performance and interpretation of lung scintigraphy across 3 different countries. METHODS A short online survey composed of simple multiple-choice questions was distributed to nuclear medicine departments in Australia, Canada, and France during the period April to December 2014. The survey covered image acquisition, interpretation criteria for SPECT and planar images, and use of pseudoplanar images and radiopharmaceuticals. Information was initially solicited by 2 sets of e-mails, which pointed to the survey internet link. Departments were subsequently contacted by telephone. A single response per department was consolidated. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-one responses were collected (Australia, 74; Canada, 48; and France, 209). Twenty-eight percent of centers indicated use of V/Q planar imaging alone whereas 72% of centers included some form of SPECT in their acquisition protocol for evaluation of PE, specifically V/Q SPECT in 36%, V/Q SPECT/CT in 29%, Q SPECT/CT in 2%, and both V/Q planar and SPECT in 5%, with a strong variability among countries. The most commonly used criteria for SPECT interpretation were the those of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (60%). Criteria used for planar interpretation were heterogeneous (European Association of Nuclear Medicine criteria, 35%; Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis study, 29%; no standardized criteria, 21%). Sixty-three percent of departments used pseudoplanar images in addition to SPECT images. CONCLUSION In the 3 countries surveyed, SPECT has largely replaced planar imaging for evaluation of PE, with almost half of the SPECT studies incorporating a CT acquisition. Criteria used for interpretation are inconsistent, especially for planar imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Le Roux
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878 (GETBO) IFR 148, CHRU de Brest, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Brest, France Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Romain De Laroche
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878 (GETBO) IFR 148, CHRU de Brest, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Brest, France
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul Roach
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rodney J Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grégoire Le Gal
- The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, INSERM CIC 05-02 IFR148, CHRU de Brest, Département de Médecine Interne et de Pneumologie, Brest, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Salaun
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, EA3878 (GETBO) IFR 148, CHRU de Brest, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Brest, France
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Abstract
Planar ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning is often used to investigate pulmonary embolism; however, it has well-recognized limitations. SPECT overcomes many of these through its ability to generate 3-dimensional imaging data. V/Q SPECT has higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than planar imaging and a lower indeterminate rate. SPECT allows for new ways to display and analyze data, such as parametric V/Q ratio images. Compared with CT pulmonary angiography, SPECT has higher sensitivity, a lower radiation dose, fewer technically suboptimal studies, and no contrast-related complications. Any nuclear medicine department equipped with a modern hybrid scanner can now perform combined V/Q SPECT with CT (using low-dose protocols) to further enhance diagnostic accuracy. V/Q SPECT (with or without CT) has application in other pulmonary conditions and in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Roach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Roach PJ, Bailey DL, Schembri GP, Thomas PA. Transition from Planar to SPECT V/Q Scintigraphy: Rationale, Practicalities, and Challenges. Semin Nucl Med 2010; 40:397-407. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Niemann T, Nicolas G, Roser HW, Müller-Brand J, Bongartz G. Imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy-what about the fetal dose? A comprehensive review of the literature. Insights Imaging 2010; 1:361-372. [PMID: 22347929 PMCID: PMC3259315 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To give a comprehensive overview of fetal doses reported in the literature when imaging the pregnant woman with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in the PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases yielded a total of 1,687 papers that were included in the analysis and have been analysed with regard to fetal dose in suspected PE radiological imaging strategies. RESULTS: Fetal dose in chest computed tomography (CT) ranges between 0.013 and 0.026 mGy in early and 0.06-0.1 mGy in late pregnancy compared with 99mTc-MAA perfusion scintigraphy with a fetal dose of 0.1-0.6 mGy in early and 0.6-0.8 mGy in late pregnancy. (99m)Tc-aerosol ventilation scintigraphy results in 0.1-0.3 mGy. However, there is concern about female breast irradiation in CT, which is higher than in scintigraphy. CT radiation risks for breast tissue remain unclear. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of dosimetry and radiation risks is crucial in the radiological work-up of suspected PE in pregnancy. It is reasonable to reserve scintigraphy for pregnant patients with normal chest radiography findings and no history of asthma or chronic lung disease. Performing CT applying dose reduction instead of scintigraphy will minimise fetal radiation dose and maximise the diagnostic value.
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Comparison of V/Q SPECT and planar V/Q lung scintigraphy in diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism. Nucl Med Commun 2010; 31:82-6. [PMID: 19918207 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e3283336747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stein PD, Freeman LM, Sostman HD, Goodman LR, Woodard PK, Naidich DP, Gottschalk A, Bailey DL, Matta F, Yaekoub AY, Hales CA, Hull RD, Leeper KV, Tapson VF, Weg JG. SPECT in Acute Pulmonary Embolism. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1999-2007. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.063958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Attenuation correction for lung SPECT: evidence of need and validation of an attenuation map derived from the emission data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 36:1076-89. [PMID: 19238381 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of attenuation correction (AC) in reconstructed and reprojected images on lung SPECT studies. METHODS Simulation studies were undertaken to evaluate the influence of AC on defect-to-normal ratios (D/N), to demonstrate the influence of errors in the correction map values and to detect lung boundaries used for AC. The use of a synthetic map (SM) for AC of the clinical data was also evaluated and the results compared with those obtained with data derived from CT (CTM). Additionally, the role of AC in reprojected SPECT data was assessed and level of noise on the 'planar-like' images was measured. RESULTS Phantom studies showed that AC markedly affects the D/N ratio. However, variations in micro values typical of those found in clinical studies resulted in relatively small changes in results. Eroded and dilated conditions did not cause any significant effect on D/N. The level of noise in the reprojected images is reduced in comparison with real planar data. Clinical SPECT/CT data reconstructed with AC using CTM and SM showed an excellent correlation between the two methods. CONCLUSION AC improves D/N in lung SPECT studies, thus potentially enhancing the diagnostic capability of the method. The use of a synthetic map for AC is feasible, avoiding the need for an additional procedure and the increased radiation dose involved. Planar-like images generated from reprojected SPECT data are well matched to normal planar images provided AC is performed and attenuation included in the reprojection.
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Is the lung scan alive and well? Facts and controversies in defining the role of lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of MDCT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 36:505-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roach PJ, Bailey DL, Harris BE. Enhancing Lung Scintigraphy With Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Semin Nucl Med 2008; 38:441-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ventilation/perfusion planar comparison. Nucl Med Commun 2008; 29:927. [PMID: 18769312 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328305df16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Generation of planar images from lung ventilation/perfusion SPECT. Ann Nucl Med 2008; 22:437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-007-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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