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Kiseleva YV, Zharikova TS, Maslennikov RV, Temirbekov SM, Olsufieva AV, Polyakova OL, Pontes-Silva A, Zharikov YO. Gut Microbiota and Liver Regeneration: A Synthesis of Evidence on Structural Changes and Physiological Mechanisms. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101455. [PMID: 39035190 PMCID: PMC11259939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a unique biological process with the ability to restore up to 70% of the organ. This allows for the preservation of liver resections for various liver tumors and for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). However, in some cases, LR is insufficient and interventions that can improve LR are urgently needed. Gut microbiota (GM) is one of the factors influencing LR, as the liver and intestine are intimately connected through the gut-liver axis. Thus, healthy GM facilitates normal LR, whereas dysbiosis leads to impaired LR due to imbalance of bile acids, inflammatory cytokines, microbial metabolites, signaling pathways, etc. Therefore, GM can be considered as a new possible therapeutic target to improve LR. In this review, we critically observe the current knowledge about the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on liver regeneration (LR) and the possibility to improve this process, which may reduce complication and mortality rates after liver surgery. Although much research has been done on this topic, more clinical trials and systemic reviews are urgently needed to move this type of intervention from the experimental phase to the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana V. Kiseleva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Zharikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Maslennikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna V. Olsufieva
- Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L. Polyakova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - André Pontes-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Yury O. Zharikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Liu Y, Huang Q, Zhuang Z, Yang H, Gou X, Xu T, Liu K, Wang J, Liu B, Gao P, Cao F, Yang B, Zhang C, Chen M, Fan G. Gut virome alterations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0428723. [PMID: 38785444 PMCID: PMC11218493 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04287-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The gut microbiome, particularly the bacteriome, has been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of COPD. However, the influence of gut virome on the pathogenesis of COPD is rarely studied. Recent advances in viral metagenomics have enabled the rapid discovery of its remarkable role in COPD. In this study, deep metagenomics sequencing of fecal virus-like particles and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on 92 subjects from China to characterize alterations of the gut virome in COPD. Lower richness and diversity of the gut virome were observed in the COPD subjects compared with the healthy individuals. Sixty-four viral species, including Clostridium phage, Myoviridae sp., and Synechococcus phage, showed positive relationships with pulmonary ventilation functions and had markedly declined population in COPD subjects. Multiple viral functions, mainly involved in bacterial susceptibility and the interaction between bacteriophages and bacterial hosts, were significantly declined in COPD. In addition, COPD was characterized by weakened viral-bacterial interactions compared with those in the healthy cohort. The gut virome showed diagnostic performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 88.7%, which indicates the potential diagnostic value of the gut virome for COPD. These results suggest that gut virome may play an important role in the development of COPD. The information can provide a reference for the future investigation of diagnosis, treatment, and in-depth mechanism research of COPD. IMPORTANCE Previous studies showed that the bacteriome plays an important role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the involvement of the gut virome in COPD. Our study explored the disease-specific virome signatures of patients with COPD. We found the diversity and compositions altered of the gut virome in COPD subjects compared with healthy individuals, especially those viral species positively correlated with pulmonary ventilation functions. Additionally, the declined bacterial susceptibility, the interaction between bacteriophages and bacterial hosts, and the weakened viral-bacterial interactions in COPD were observed. The findings also suggested the potential diagnostic value of the gut virome for COPD. The results highlight the significance of gut virome in COPD. The novel strategies for gut virome rectifications may help to restore the balance of gut microecology and represent promising therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhuang
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cortés-Martín A, Denise R, Guerin E, Stockdale SR, Draper LA, Ross RP, Shkoporov AN, Hill C. Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic Parabacteroides distasonis bacteriophage φPDS1 from the human gut. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2298254. [PMID: 38178369 PMCID: PMC10773633 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease. The viral component (virome) is predominantly composed of bacteriophages (phages) and has received significantly less attention in comparison to the bacteriome. This knowledge gap is largely due to challenges associated with the isolation and characterization of novel gut phages, and bioinformatic hurdles such as the lack of a universal phage marker gene and the absence of sufficient numbers of homologs in viral databases. Here, we describe the isolation from human feces of a novel lytic phage with siphovirus morphology, φPDS1, infecting Parabacteroides distasonis APCS2/PD, and classified within a newly proposed Sagittacolavirus genus. In silico and biological characterization of this phage is presented in this study. Key to the isolation of φPDS1 was the antibiotic-driven selective enrichment of the bacterial host in a fecal fermenter. Despite producing plaques and lacking genes associated with lysogeny, φPDS1 demonstrates the ability to coexist in liquid culture for multiple days without affecting the abundance of its host. Multiple studies have shown that changes in Parabacteroides distasonis abundance can be linked to various disease states, rendering this novel phage-host pair and their interactions of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rémi Denise
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emma Guerin
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen R. Stockdale
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine A. Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrey N. Shkoporov
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Van Hul M, Cani PD. The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management: microbes as friends or foe? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:258-271. [PMID: 36650295 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure - an imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric consumption. However, as simple as this solution appears, for many people, losing excess weight is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain. The reason for this difficulty is that energy intake and expenditure, and by extension body weight, are regulated through complex hormonal, neural and metabolic mechanisms that are under the influence of many environmental factors and internal responses. Adding to this complexity, the microorganisms (microbes) that comprise the gut microbiota exert direct effects on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Furthermore, the gut microbiota exerts a miscellany of protective, structural and metabolic effects both on the intestinal milieu and peripheral tissues, thus affecting body weight by modulating metabolism, appetite, bile acid metabolism, and the hormonal and immune systems. In this Review, we outline historical and recent advances in understanding how the gut microbiota is involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. We also discuss the opportunities, limitations and challenges of using gut microbiota-related approaches as a means to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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