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Karshovska E, Weber C, Hundelshausen PV. Platelet chemokines in health and disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:894-902. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-04-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn recent years, it has become clear that platelets and platelet-derived chemokines, beyond their role in thrombosis and haemostasis, are important mediators affecting a broad spectrum of (patho)physiological conditions. These biologically active proteins are released from α-granules upon platelet activation, most probably even during physiological conditions. In this review, we give a concise overview and an update on the current understanding of platelet-derived chemokines in a context of health and disease.Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by G. Y. H. Lip, Editor in Chief.
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Abstract
Platelets have various roles in vascular biology and homeostasis. They are the first actor in primary haemostasis and play important roles in thrombosis pathogenesis, but they are also part of innate immunity, which initiates and accelerate many inflammatory conditions. In some contexts, their immune functions are protective, while in others they contribute to adverse inflammatory outcomes. Platelets express numerous receptors and contain hundreds of secretory molecules that are crucial for platelet functional responses. The capacity of platelets to produce and secrete cytokines, chemokines and related molecules, under the control of specific intracellular pathways, is intimately related to their key role in inflammation. They are also able to intervene in tissue regeneration and repair because they produce pro-angiogenic mediators. Due to this characteristic platelets are involved in cancer progression and spreading. In this review we discuss the complex role of platelets, which bridges haemostasis, inflammation and immune response both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Mancuso
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Santagostino
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Sun S, Wen J, Qiu F, Yin Y, Xu G, Li T, Nie J, Xiong G, Zhang C, Liao D, Chen J, Tuo Q. Identification of the C-terminal domain of Daxx acts as a potential regulator of intracellular cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:139-145. [PMID: 27671201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Daxx is a highly conserved nuclear transcriptional factor, which has been implicated in many nuclear processes including transcription and cell cycle regulation. Our previous study demonstrated Daxx also plays a role in regulation of intracellular cholesterol content. Daxx contains several domains that are essential for interaction with a growing number of proteins. To delineate the underlying mechanism of hypocholesterolemic activity of Daxx, we constructed a set of plasmids which can be used to overexpress different fragments of Daxx and transfected to HepG2 cells. We found that the C- terminal region Daxx626-740 clearly reduced intracellular cholesterol levels and inhibited the expression of SREBPs and SCAP. In GST pull-down experiments and Double immunofluorescence assays, Daxx626-740 was demonstrated to bind directly to androgen receptor (AR). Our findings suggest that the interaction of Daxx626-740 and AR abolishes the AR-mediated activation of SCAP/SREBPs pathway, which suppresses the de novo cholesterol synthesis. Thus, C-terminal domain of Daxx acts as a potential regulator of intracellular cholesterol content in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yufang Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Guina Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tianping Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Nie
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Duangfang Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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Liu X, Ma D, Zheng S, Zha K, Feng J, Cai Y, Jiang F, Li J, Fan Z. The roles of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in the anti-atherosclerotic effect of atorvastatin. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 16:22-8. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhong ZX, Li B, Li CR, Zhang QF, Liu ZD, Zhang PF, Gu XF, Luo H, Li MJ, Luo HS, Ye GH, Wen FL. Role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:161-6. [PMID: 25424368 PMCID: PMC4321222 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the role of chemokines in promoting instability of
coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. Coronary
angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed in 60 stable angina
pectoris (SAP) patients and 60 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients. The
chemotactic activity of monocytes in the 2 groups of patients was examined in
Transwell chambers. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed
and secreted (RANTES), and fractalkine in serum were examined with ELISA kits, and
expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA was examined with real-time PCR. In
the SAP group, 92 plaques were detected with IVUS. In the UAP group, 96 plaques were
detected with IVUS. The plaques in the UAP group were mainly lipid 51.04% (49/96) and
the plaques in the SAP group were mainly fibrous 52.17% (48/92). Compared with the
SAP group, the plaque burden and vascular remodeling index in the UAP group were
significantly greater than in the SAP group (P<0.01). Chemotactic activity and the
number of mobile monocytes in the UAP group were significantly greater than in the
SAP group (P<0.01). Concentrations of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine in
the serum of the UAP group were significantly higher than in the serum of the SAP
group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA
was significantly higher than in the SAP group (P<0.05). MCP-1, RANTES, and
fractalkine probably promote instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C R Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q F Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z D Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X F Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H S Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G H Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - F L Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
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