1
|
Pansell J, Bottai M, Bell M, Rudberg PC, Friman O, Cooray C. Which compartments of the optic nerve and its sheath are associated with intracranial pressure? An exploratory study. J Neuroimaging 2024. [PMID: 39034603 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a commonly used estimate of intracranial pressure (ICP). The rationale behind this is that pressure changes in the cerebrospinal fluid affect the optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSAS) thickness. Still, possible effects on other compartments of the optic nerve sheath (ONS) have not been studied. This is the first study ever to analyze all measurable compartments of the ONS for associations with elevated ICP. METHODS We measured changes in ICP and changes in ONS compartments in 75 patients treated with invasive ICP monitoring at the Karolinska University Hospital. Associations between changes in ICP and changes in ONS compartments were estimated with generalized estimating equations. The potential to identify elevated ICP was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for ONS compartments associated with ICP changes. RESULTS Both ONSAS and perioptic dura mater thickness were significantly associated with changes in ICP in multivariable modeling. ONSAS was the only compartment that independently predicted changes in ICP, with an AUROC of 0.69 for predicting ICP increase. Still, both the perioptic dura mater thickness and the optic nerve diameter added value in predicting ICP changes in multivariable modeling. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study challenge the current understanding of the mechanism behind the association between ICP and ONSD. Contrary to the common opinion that ONSAS is the only affected compartment, this study shows a more complex picture. It suggests that all ONS compartments may add value in predicting changes in ICP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Pansell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter C Rudberg
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Friman
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charith Cooray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie S, Xie X, Tang J, Luo B, Chen J, Wen Q, Zhou J, Chen G. Cerebral furin deficiency causes hydrocephalus in mice. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101009. [PMID: 38292192 PMCID: PMC10825277 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Furin is a pro-protein convertase that moves between the trans-Golgi network and cell surface in the secretory pathway. We have previously reported that cerebral overexpression of furin promotes cognitive functions in mice. Here, by generating the brain-specific furin conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we investigated the role of furin in brain development. We found that furin deficiency caused early death and growth retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe hydrocephalus. In the brain of furin cKO mice, impaired ciliogenesis and the derangement of microtubule structures appeared along with the down-regulated expression of RAB28, a ciliary vesicle protein. In line with the widespread neuronal loss, ependymal cell layers were damaged. Further proteomics analysis revealed that cell adhesion molecules including astrocyte-enriched ITGB8 and BCAR1 were altered in furin cKO mice; and astrocyte overgrowth was accompanied by the reduced expression of SOX9, indicating a disrupted differentiation into ependymal cells. Together, whereas alteration of RAB28 expression correlated with the role of vesicle trafficking in ciliogenesis, dysfunctional astrocytes might be involved in ependymal damage contributing to hydrocephalus in furin cKO mice. The structural and molecular alterations provided a clue for further studying the potential mechanisms of furin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xie
- Nursing College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qixin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianrong Zhou
- Nursing College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madadi AK, Sohn MJ. Comprehensive Therapeutic Approaches to Tuberculous Meningitis: Pharmacokinetics, Combined Dosing, and Advanced Intrathecal Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:540. [PMID: 38675201 PMCID: PMC11054600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) presents a critical neurologic emergency characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates, necessitating immediate therapeutic intervention, often ahead of definitive microbiological and molecular diagnoses. The primary hurdle in effective TBM treatment is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which significantly restricts the delivery of anti-tuberculous medications to the central nervous system (CNS), leading to subtherapeutic drug levels and poor treatment outcomes. The standard regimen for initial TBM treatment frequently falls short, followed by adverse side effects, vasculitis, and hydrocephalus, driving the condition toward a refractory state. To overcome this obstacle, intrathecal (IT) sustained release of anti-TB medication emerges as a promising approach. This method enables a steady, uninterrupted, and prolonged release of medication directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus preventing systemic side effects by limiting drug exposure to the rest of the body. Our review diligently investigates the existing literature and treatment methodologies, aiming to highlight their shortcomings. As part of our enhanced strategy for sustained IT anti-TB delivery, we particularly seek to explore the utilization of nanoparticle-infused hydrogels containing isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), alongside osmotic pump usage, as innovative treatments for TBM. This comprehensive review delineates an optimized framework for the management of TBM, including an integrated approach that combines pharmacokinetic insights, concomitant drug administration strategies, and the latest advancements in IT and intraventricular (IVT) therapy for CNS infections. By proposing a multifaceted treatment strategy, this analysis aims to enhance the clinical outcomes for TBM patients, highlighting the critical role of targeted drug delivery in overcoming the formidable challenges presented by the blood-brain barrier and the complex pathophysiology of TBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khalid Madadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moon-Jun Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Inje University, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience & Radiosurgery Hybrid Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170, Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang City 10380, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao L, Yu K, Feng Y, Yan F, Qian C. Intraventricular haemorrhage treated by extra ventricular drainage with catheter mistakenly penetrating the cisterna ambiens: A case report. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241237680. [PMID: 38606755 PMCID: PMC11015790 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241237680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a severe and acute type of stroke with a complex pathophysiology and is a therapeutic challenge. This case report described a man in his early 50's diagnosed with IVH by computed tomography (CT). Although bilateral extraventricular drainage (EVD) was undertaken, a postoperative CT scan showed that while the left catheter was correctly positioned, the right catheter had been wrongly inserted into the cisterna ambiens. The procedure was equivalent to simultaneous EVD combined with cisternostomy. As a consequence, the haematoma was rapidly removed, the risk of infection and long-term hydrocephalus was reduced, and prognosis was improved. Large case-control studies or prospective studies are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaibo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Feng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tavakkoli Z, Salehi MS, Jameie F, Rahimi M, Koohpeyma F, Dianatpour M, Miyan JA, Pandamooz S. Simple methods for cerebrospinal fluid collection in fetal, neonatal, and adult rat. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 399:109971. [PMID: 37722626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and its analysis are common medical practices useful in the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In recent years, several types of research have improved our insight into CSF and its role in health and disease. Yet, many characteristics of this fluid remain to be fully understood. NEW METHODS Here, we describe how to collect CSF from embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages of the rat. In adults, CSF can be collected through simple stereotaxic surgery to expose the membrane overlying the cisterna magna (CM) of an anesthetized rat and collection of CSF through micropipette puncture through the membrane. In embryos and pups, CSF is aspirated, using a fire-polished micro-capillary pipette, from the CM of animals. RESULTS Application of these methods provides the maximum volume of pure, uncontaminated CSF (embryonic day 19: 10-15 microliter, postnatal day 5: 20-30 microliter, adults: 100-200 microliter) with a success rate of approximately 95% in every age. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to the existing protocols, these methods obtain considerable volumes of CSF, which may accelerate the measurement of biological markers in this fluid. Also, these techniques do not require surgical skills and according to the practical points mentioned during sampling, the procedures can be performed in rapid fashion. CONCLUSION We describe simple methods for collecting CSF in live rats. These protocols provide clean, uncontaminated CSF for experiments to understand the exact role of this fluid in the development and maintenance of the CNS health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavakkoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jameie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moosa Rahimi
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Student Research Committee, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT. United Kingdom.
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Czarniak N, Kamińska J, Matowicka-Karna J, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM. Cerebrospinal Fluid-Basic Concepts Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051461. [PMID: 37239132 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid plays a crucial role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by providing mechanical support, acting as a shock absorber, and transporting nutrients and waste products. It is produced in the ventricles of the brain and circulates through the brain and spinal cord in a continuous flow. In the current review, we presented basic concepts related to cerebrospinal fluid history, cerebrospinal fluid production, circulation, and its main components, the role of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the maintenance of cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, and the utility of Albumin Quotient (QAlb) evaluation in the diagnosis of CNS diseases. We also discussed the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (type, number of tubes, and volume), time of transport to the laboratory, and storage conditions. Finally, we briefly presented the role of cerebrospinal fluid examination in CNS disease diagnosis of various etiologies and highlighted that research on identifying cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers indicating disease presence or severity, evaluating treatment effectiveness, and enabling understanding of pathogenesis and disease mechanisms is of great importance. Thus, in our opinion, research on cerebrospinal fluid is still necessary for both the improvement of CNS disease management and the discovery of new treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Czarniak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pingle SC, Lin F, Anekoji MS, Patro CK, Datta S, Jones LD, Kesari S, Ashili S. Exploring the role of cerebrospinal fluid as analyte in neurologic disorders. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO851. [PMID: 37090492 PMCID: PMC10116372 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear ultrafiltrate of blood that envelopes and protects the central nervous system while regulating neuronal function through the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis in the brain. Due to its anatomic location and physiological functions, the CSF can provide a reliable source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of different neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary and secondary brain malignancies. The incorporation of CSF biomarkers into the drug discovery and development can improve the efficiency of drug development and increase the chances of success. This review aims to consolidate the current use of CSF biomarkers in clinical practice and explore future perspectives for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C Pingle
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Misa S Anekoji
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - C Pawan K Patro
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Souvik Datta
- Rhenix Lifesciences, 237 Vengal Rao Nagar, Hyderabad, TG, 500038, India
| | - Lawrence D Jones
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center & Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Shashaanka Ashili
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toward to Explain of Working Principles of Blood-Brain Barriers Like X-Ray Devices: A Neurophysical Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1203348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The blood-brain barrier is an electromagnetic mechanism on a neurophysical basis. In this study, we compared the X-Ray device, which is similar to the blood-brain barrier in many ways.
Material and Methods: We collected brain samples from deep temporal cortex sections of ten rats, stained them via the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) technique, visualized the architectural structures of the blood-brain barriers, and compared them with X-ray devices.
Results: With the arterioles forming the tube blood-brain barrier in the X-ray device, the anode-cathode that provides the electric current and determines the direction of the current flow corresponds to the astrocytes surrounding the anode-cathode vessel, the cooling system to the cerebrospinal fluid circulating the vessel, and the electrons emitted from the cathode to the particles flowing in the vessel.
Conclusion: With the architecture presented by the blood-brain barrier, we envision it functioning as an X-Ray and optical reader that display objects in passenger baggage and direct them according to barcode numbers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ierusalimsky NV, Karimova ED, Samotaeva IS, Luzin RV, Zinchuk MS, Rider FK, Guekht AB. [Structural brain changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:83-89. [PMID: 37796072 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the morphological features of the brain structures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020, we studied 80 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (aged 18-60 years, 38 of whom had comorbid depression) and 48 healthy subjects of comparable age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed using the epilepsy protocol in a scanner with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Focal temporal lobe epilepsy was diagnosed by neurologists (epileptologists) specialising in epilepsy according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsy. Psychiatrists assessed the presence and severity of depressive disorders by clinical interview and by participants' scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer 6.0 software to determine volumes of subcortical structures and thicknesses of cortical structures. At the group level, analysis of covariance with Holm-Bonferroni correction was used as the statistical method. RESULTS Morphometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the volume of the thalamus bilaterally and the brain stem and an increase in the volume of the choroid plexus in the left hemisphere, as well as a significant decrease in the thickness of the entorhinal cortex, temporal pole and isthmus of the cingulate gyrus in the left hemisphere and middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere in patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls. No association was found between the presence of depression and significant structural changes on MRI. CONCLUSION The data obtained suggest an effect of temporal lobe epilepsy, but not comorbid depression, on the morphology of brain structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Ierusalimsky
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Karimova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - I S Samotaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - R V Luzin
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zinchuk
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - F K Rider
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Guekht
- Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sato Y, Minami K, Hirato T, Tanizawa K, Sonoda H, Schmidt M. Drug delivery for neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases: evolving roles of the blood brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1745-1756. [PMID: 35088290 PMCID: PMC9283362 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whereas significant strides have been made in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), the neuronopathy associated with these diseases remains impervious mainly because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of large molecules to the brain. However, 100 years of research on the BBB since its conceptualization have clarified many of its functional and structural characteristics, spurring recent endeavors to deliver therapeutics across it to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neuronopathic LSDs. Along with the BBB, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also functions to protect the microenvironment of the CNS, and it is therefore deeply involved in CNS disorders at large. Recent research aimed at developing therapeutics for neuronopathic LSDs has uncovered a number of critical roles played by the CSF that require further clarification. This review summarizes the most up-to-date understanding of the BBB and the CSF acquired during the development of therapeutics for neuronopathic LSDs, and highlights some of the associated challenges that require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sato
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirato
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Sonoda
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mathias Schmidt
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mehta NH, Suss RA, Dyke JP, Theise ND, Chiang GC, Strauss S, Saint-Louis L, Li Y, Pahlajani S, Babaria V, Glodzik L, Carare RO, de Leon MJ. Quantifying cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: A review of human neuroimaging contributions to CSF physiology and neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105776. [PMID: 35643187 PMCID: PMC9987579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), predominantly produced in the ventricles and circulating throughout the brain and spinal cord, is a key protective mechanism of the central nervous system (CNS). Physical cushioning, nutrient delivery, metabolic waste, including protein clearance, are key functions of the CSF in humans. CSF volume and flow dynamics regulate intracranial pressure and are fundamental to diagnosing disorders including normal pressure hydrocephalus, intracranial hypotension, CSF leaks, and possibly Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of CSF to clear normal and pathological proteins, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, alpha synuclein and others, implicates it production, circulation, and composition, in many neuropathologies. Several neuroimaging modalities have been developed to probe CSF fluid dynamics and better relate CSF volume and flow to anatomy and clinical conditions. Approaches include 2-photon microscopic techniques, MRI (tracer-based, gadolinium contrast, endogenous phase-contrast), and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) using existing approved radiotracers. Here, we discuss CSF flow neuroimaging, from animal models to recent clinical-research advances, summarizing current endeavors to quantify and map CSF flow with implications towards pathophysiology, new biomarkers, and treatments of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neel H Mehta
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Suss
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria C Chiang
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Strauss
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yi Li
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivek Babaria
- Orange County Spine and Sports, Interventional Physiatry, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Department of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Brain Health Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao J, Xiang W, Yue Y, Zhang X. The “Hand as Foot” teaching method in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:2384-2385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
13
|
Li J, Pei M, Bo B, Zhao X, Cang J, Fang F, Liang Z. Whole-brain mapping of mouse CSF flow via HEAP-METRIC phase-contrast MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2851-2861. [PMID: 35107833 PMCID: PMC9305925 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose CSF plays important roles in clearing brain waste and homeostasis. However, mapping whole‐brain CSF flow in the rodents is difficult, primarily due to its assumed very low velocity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel phase‐contrast MRI method to map whole‐brain CSF flow in the mouse brain. Methods A novel generalized Hadamard encoding–based multi‐band scheme (dubbed HEAP‐METRIC, Hadamard Encoding APproach of Multi‐band Excitation for short TR Imaging aCcelerating) using complex Hadamard matrix was developed and incorporated into conventional phase contrast (PC)‐MRI to significantly increase SNR. Results Slow flow phantom imaging validated HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI’s ability to achieve fast and accurate mapping of slow flow velocities (~102 µm/s). With the SNR gain afforded by HEAP‐METRIC scheme, high‐resolution (0.08 × 0.08 mm in‐plane resolution and 36 0.4 mm slices) PC‐MRI was completed in 21 min for whole‐brain CSF flow mapping in the mouse. Using this novel method, we provide the first report of whole‐brain CSF flow in the awake mouse brain with an average flow velocity of ~200 µm/s. Furthermore, HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI revealed CSF flow was reduced by isoflurane anesthesia, accompanied by reduction of glymphatic function as measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Conclusion We developed and validated a generalized HEAP‐METRIC PC‐MRI for mapping low velocity flow. With this method, we have achieved the first whole‐brain mapping of awake mouse CSF flow and have further revealed that anesthesia reduces CSF flow velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juchen Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchao Pei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Binshi Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murtazina AR, Pronina TS, Chandran KI, Dilmukhametova LK, Bondarenko NS, Blokhin VE, Bogdanov VV, Ugrumov MV. Hypothesis on the Endocrine System of the Brain: Evidence for the Regulated Delivery of Neurohormones from the Brain to the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vice Versa in Neonatal and Prepubertal Periods of Ontogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Papp B, Launay S, Gélébart P, Arbabian A, Enyedi A, Brouland JP, Carosella ED, Adle-Biassette H. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pumps and Tumor Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093351. [PMID: 32397400 PMCID: PMC7247589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis plays an essential role in cellular calcium signaling, intra-ER protein chaperoning and maturation, as well as in the interaction of the ER with other organelles. Calcium is accumulated in the ER by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (SERCA enzymes) that generate by active, ATP-dependent transport, a several thousand-fold calcium ion concentration gradient between the cytosol (low nanomolar) and the ER lumen (high micromolar). SERCA enzymes are coded by three genes that by alternative splicing give rise to several isoforms, which can display isoform-specific calcium transport characteristics. SERCA expression levels and isoenzyme composition vary according to cell type, and this constitutes a mechanism whereby ER calcium homeostasis is adapted to the signaling and metabolic needs of the cell, depending on its phenotype, its state of activation and differentiation. As reviewed here, in several normal epithelial cell types including bronchial, mammary, gastric, colonic and choroid plexus epithelium, as well as in mature cells of hematopoietic origin such as pumps are simultaneously expressed, whereas in corresponding tumors and leukemias SERCA3 expression is selectively down-regulated. SERCA3 expression is restored during the pharmacologically induced differentiation of various cancer and leukemia cell types. SERCA3 is a useful marker for the study of cell differentiation, and the loss of SERCA3 expression constitutes a previously unrecognized example of the remodeling of calcium homeostasis in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bela Papp
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR U976, Institut Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
- CEA, DRF-Institut Francois Jacob, Department of Hemato-Immunology Research, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sophie Launay
- EA481, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Pascal Gélébart
- Department of Clinical Science-Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Atousa Arbabian
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Vaccins, Institut Pasteur de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Agnes Enyedi
- Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Jean-Philippe Brouland
- Institut Universitaire de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- CEA, DRF-Institut Francois Jacob, Department of Hemato-Immunology Research, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France;
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- AP-HP, Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France;
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm UMR 1141, 75019 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|