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Zhong X, Chen J, Wen B, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Zhao Y, Shen J, Xiao Z. Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in T cell aging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1365-1378. [PMID: 37750918 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence occurs with progressive age. T cell aging is manifested by immunodeficiency and inflammation. The main mechanisms are thymic involution, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic and epigenetic alterations, loss of protein stability, reduction of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, naïve-memory T cell ratio imbalance, T cell senescence, and lack of effector plasticity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to hold great potential as anti-aging therapy. However, the role of MCSs in T cell aging remains elusive. This review makes a tentative summary of the potential role of MSCs in the protection against T cell aging. It might provide a new idea to intervene in the aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Nanbu County, Nanchong, 637300, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Chen Z, Xue S, Zhang S, Cheng K, Ye Q. Exosomes from donor-derived adipose mesenchymal stem cells prolong the survival of vascularized composite allografts. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5895-5905. [PMID: 33452713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Donor-derived adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) dampen the alloimmune response and exosomes are reported to have biological activity similar to their parent cells. Here, we investigated the roles of exosomes from donor-derived ADMSCs (ADMSC-exo) in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Brown Norway-to-Lewis rat hindlimb transplantations were intravenously treated with either exosome from donor-derived ADMSCs or phosphate-buffered saline, combined with a short course of immunosuppression. We established that the treatment with ADMSC-exo prolongs the survival time of VCA grafts. Skin and muscle samples from ADMSC-exo-treated animals showed no histological signs of rejection, but samples from controls showed rejection of degree III. Comparing to the control group, a significant increase of donor cell chimerism, Tr1 and Treg, while a decrease of CD4+ T and Th1 cells were observed in the ADMSC-exo-treated group. Our findings imply that ADMSC-exo may be a valuable and safe treatment for extending VCA graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
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Bowles AC, Ishahak MM, Glover SJ, Correa D, Agarwal A. Evaluating Vascularization of Heterotopic Islet Constructs for Type 1 Diabetes Using an In Vitro Platform. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 11:331-341. [PMID: 31724717 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Clinical islet transplantation from healthy donors is proposed to ameliorate symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance the life span of afflicted T1D patients. However, post-transplant outcomes are dependent on the survival of the transplanted islets, which relies on the engraftment of the islets with the recipient's vasculature among other factors. Treatment strategies to improve engraftment include combining islets with supporting cells including endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), dynamic cells capable of robust immunomodulatory and vasculogenic effects. In this study, we developed an in vitro model of transplantation to investigate the cellular mechanisms that enhance rapid vascularization of heterotopic islet constructs. Self-assembled vascular beds of fluorescently stained EC served as reproducible in vitro transplantation sites. Heterotopic islet constructs composed of islets, EC, and MSC were transferred to vascular beds for modeling transplantation. Time-lapsed imaging was performed for analysis of the vascular bed remodeling for parameters of neo-vascularization. Moreover, sampling of media following modeled transplantation showed secretory profiles that were correlated with imaging analyses as well as with islet function using glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, evidence revealed that heterotopic constructs consisting of islets, EC, and MSC exhibited the most rapid recruitment and robust branching of cells from the vascular beds suggesting enhanced neo-vascularization compared to islets alone and control constructs. Together, this evidence supports a promising cell transplantation strategy for T1D and also demonstrates a valuable tool for rapidly investigating candidate cellular therapies for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie C Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew M Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samuel J Glover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Shi M, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xu R, Sun Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Wang H, Meng L, Su H, Jin L, Wang FS. A Pilot Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Liver Allograft Rejection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 6:2053-2061. [PMID: 29178564 PMCID: PMC5702514 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute allograft rejection remains common after liver transplantation despite modern immunosuppressive agents. In addition, the long-term side effects of these regimens, including opportunistic infections, are challenging. This study evaluated the safety and clinical feasibility of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapy in liver transplant patients with acute graft rejection. Twenty-seven liver allograft recipients with acute rejection were randomly assigned into the UC-MSC infusion group or the control group. Thirteen patients received one infusion of UC-MSCs (1 × 106 /kg body weight); one patient received multiple UC-MSC infusions; 13 patients were used as controls. All enrolled patients received conventional immunosuppressive agents with follow-up for 12 weeks after UC-MSC infusions. No side effects occurred in treated patients. Four weeks after UC-MSC infusions, alanine aminotransferase levels had decreased markedly and remained lower throughout the 12-week follow-up period. Importantly, allograft histology was improved after administration of UC-MSCs. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the Treg/T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio were significantly increased 4 weeks after infusions; in contrast, the percentage of Th17 cells showed a decreasing trend. In controls, the percentages of Tregs and Th17 cells and the Treg/Th17 ratio were statistically unchanged from the baseline measurements. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and prostaglandin E2 were increased significantly after UC-MSC infusions; by contrast, there were no significant changes in controls. Our data suggest that UC-MSC infusion for acute graft rejection following liver transplantation is feasible and may mediate a therapeutic immunosuppressive effect. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:2053-2061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwen Liu
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rounan Xu
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Meng
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Su
- Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jin
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Niu J, Wang Y, Liu B, Yao Y. Mesenchymal stem cells prolong the survival of orthotopic liver transplants by regulating the expression of TGF-β1. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 29:601-609. [PMID: 30260784 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent studies have shown that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is prominently associated with acute rejection. This study aimed to explore the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the maintenance of the long-term survival of orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) via the regulation of TGF-β1 in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Lewis rats as donors and ACI rats as recipients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate histomorphological changes, and Western blot was performed to measure protein expression. RESULTS The expression of TGF-β1 in the liver allografts and spleen and protein levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) were measured using Western blot. The suppressive capacity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. Cell-mediated immunotoxicity was evaluated using the mixed lymphocyte reaction of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay of CD8+ T cells. The results showed that MSCs prolonged the survival of the OLT mice by regulating the expression of TGF-β1 at different time points. The administration of MSCs promoted a prolonged survival in the ACI recipients (105±6.6 d) compared with the MSC-untreated recipients (16.2±4.0 d). On the postoperative day (POD) 7, the MSC-treated recipients showed a significantly higher expression of TGF-β1, FoxP3, IL-10, and CTLA-4 than the MSC-untreated recipients. However, on POD 100, the MSC-treated recipients showed a lower expression of TGF-β1 and FOxP3 than that on POD 7. Moreover, on POD 7, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells extracted from the MSC-treated recipients showed a higher expression of FoxP3, IL-10, CTLA-4, and suppressive capacity. On POD 7, CD4+ T cells from the MSC-treated recipients showed more significantly diminished proliferative functions than the MSC-untreated recipients; further, a reduced allospecific CTL activity of CD8+ T cells was observed in the MSC-treated recipients. CONCLUSION MSCs may represent a promising cell therapeutic approach for inducing immunosuppression or transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanhu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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Gugjoo MB, Amarpal, Makhdoomi DM, Sharma GT. Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Properties, Sources, Characterization, and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:16-27. [PMID: 30929778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Properties like sustained multiplication and self-renewal, and homing and multilineage differentiation to undertake repair of the damaged tissues make stem cells the lifeline for any living system. Therefore, stem cell therapy is regarded to carry immense therapeutic potential. Though the dearth of understanding about the basic biological properties and pathways involved in therapeutic benefits currently limit the application of stem cells in humans as well as animals, there are innumerable reports that suggest clinical benefits of stem cell therapy in equine. Among various stem cell sources, currently adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred for therapeutic application in horse owing to their easy availability, capacity to modulate inflammation, and promote healing. Also the cells carry very limited teratogenic risk compared to the pluripotent stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were earlier considered mainly for musculoskeletal tissues, but now may also be utilized in other diverse clinical problems in horse, and the results may be extrapolated even for human medicine. The current review highlights biological properties, sources, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
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Perico N, Casiraghi F, Todeschini M, Cortinovis M, Gotti E, Portalupi V, Mister M, Gaspari F, Villa A, Fiori S, Introna M, Longhi E, Remuzzi G. Long-Term Clinical and Immunological Profile of Kidney Transplant Patients Given Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1359. [PMID: 29963053 PMCID: PMC6014158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the long-term clinical and immunological results of four living-donor kidney transplant patients given autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as part of a phase 1 study focused on the safety and feasibility of this cell therapy. According to study protocols implemented over time, based on initial early safety findings, the patients were given MSC at day 7 posttransplant (n = 2) or at day −1 pretransplant (n = 2) and received induction therapy with basiliximab and low-dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (RATG) or RATG alone, and were maintained on low-dose ciclosporin (CsA)/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). All MSC-treated patients had stable graft function during the 5- to 7-year follow-up, without increased susceptibility to infections or neoplasm. In three MSC recipients, but not historical control patients, circulating memory CD8+ T cell percentages remained lower than basal, coupled with persistent reduction of ex vivo donor-specific cytotoxicity. Two patients showed a long-lasting increase in the regulatory T cell/memory CD8+ T cell ratio, paralleled by high circulating levels of naïve and transitional B cells. In one of these two patients, CsA was successfully discontinued, and currently the low-dose MMF monotherapy is on the tapering phase. The study shows that MSC therapy is safe in the long term and could promote a pro-tolerogenic environment in selected patients. Extensive immunomonitoring of MSC-treated kidney transplant recipients could help selection of patients for safe withdrawal of maintenance immunosuppressive drugs (NCT00752479 and NCT02012153).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Perico
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Marta Todeschini
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Monica Cortinovis
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Eliana Gotti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valentina Portalupi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marilena Mister
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Flavio Gaspari
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villa
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sonia Fiori
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- G. Lanzani Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elena Longhi
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, UOC Coordinamento Trapianti IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy.,Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Modulation of T-Cell Regulation Correlates with Heme Oxgenase-1 Pathway Changes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:1015-1023. [PMID: 27391839 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors' previous proteome study revealed that haptoglobin was involved in adipose-derived stem cell modulation of allotransplant survival and T-cell regulation to induce immune tolerance. This study investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells could modulate T-cell regulation through haptoglobin and the downstream heme oxgenase-1 pathway in vitro. METHODS Splenocytes were isolated from Lewis rat spleens and then CD3 T cells were purified using anti-CD3 beads. Adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from Lewis rats and co-cultured with the T cells. After Transwell co-culture at different periods, the authors analyzed cell proliferation with a bromodeoxyuridine assay. Cell extractions and culture supernatants were collected for further analysis. Heme oxgenase-1 and related protein expression levels from the adipose-derived stem cells and T cells were detected using Western blotting. The related cytokine expression levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Flow cytometry was used to detect the regulatory T-cell proportion. RESULTS The adipose-derived stem cells significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation. The regulatory T-cell percentages were significantly increased in the adipose-derived stem cells that were co-cultured with T cells compared with T cells alone without adipose-derived stem cell co-culture. Heme oxgenase-1 expression in concanavalin A-stimulated T cells that were co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells revealed a significant increase compared with concanavalin A-stimulated T cells alone. Cytokine assays of the culture supernatants revealed that transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 were significantly increased and interferon-γ was statistically decreased in the adipose-derived stem cell-co-cultured T-cell group compared with other groups; however, blockade with a heme oxgenase-1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin IX) protected against these changes. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived stem cells modulate T-cell proliferation and enhance regulatory T-cell expression, and this correlated with heme oxgenase-1 expression and related cytokine pathway changes.
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Local Inhibition of Complement Improves Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Function After Administration. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1665-74. [PMID: 27377042 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of recent clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been unsatisfactory, indicating that current MSC-based therapies need to be improved. We and others have previously demonstrated that MSCs activate complement by unknown mechanisms after infusion, leading to damaged MSCs. In the study reported here, we found that incorporation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid onto MSCs during in vitro culture was a factor in the activation of complement by MSCs. In addition, we developed a way to "paint" heparin onto MSCs. This novel method improved the viability of MSCs and enhanced their function after infusion by directly inhibiting complement and by recruiting factor H, another potent complement inhibitor in serum, onto the surface of the MSCs. These data suggest that cell-surface engineering of MSCs with heparin to locally inhibit complement activation on MSCs might be a straightforward and effective method for improving the outcome of current MSC-based therapies.
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Li Y, Qiu W, Zhang L, Fung J, Lin F. Painting factor H onto mesenchymal stem cells protects the cells from complement- and neutrophil-mediated damage. Biomaterials 2016; 102:209-19. [PMID: 27343468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undergoing intensive testing in clinical trials as a promising new therapy for many inflammatory diseases and for regenerative medicine, but further optimization of current MSC-based therapies is required. In this study, we found that in addition to direct complement-mediated attack through the assembly of membrane attack complexes (MACs) that we and others have recently reported, of the released complement activation products, C5a, but not C3a, activates neutrophils in the blood to further damage MSCs through oxidative burst. In addition, we have developed a simple method for painting factor H, a native complement inhibitor, onto MSCs to locally inhibit complement activation on MSCs. MSCs painted with factor H are protected from both MAC- and neutrophil-mediated attack and are significantly more effective in inhibiting antigen-specific T cell responses than the mock-painted MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Fung
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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An G. Introduction of a Framework for Dynamic Knowledge Representation of the Control Structure of Transplant Immunology: Employing the Power of Abstraction with a Solid Organ Transplant Agent-Based Model. Front Immunol 2015; 6:561. [PMID: 26594211 PMCID: PMC4635853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agent-based modeling has been used to characterize the nested control loops and non-linear dynamics associated with inflammatory and immune responses, particularly as a means of visualizing putative mechanistic hypotheses. This process is termed dynamic knowledge representation and serves a critical role in facilitating the ability to test and potentially falsify hypotheses in the current data- and hypothesis-rich biomedical research environment. Importantly, dynamic computational modeling aids in identifying useful abstractions, a fundamental scientific principle that pervades the physical sciences. Recognizing the critical scientific role of abstraction provides an intellectual and methodological counterweight to the tendency in biology to emphasize comprehensive description as the primary manifestation of biological knowledge. Transplant immunology represents yet another example of the challenge of identifying sufficient understanding of the inflammatory/immune response in order to develop and refine clinically effective interventions. Advances in immunosuppressive therapies have greatly improved solid organ transplant (SOT) outcomes, most notably by reducing and treating acute rejection. The end goal of these transplant immune strategies is to facilitate effective control of the balance between regulatory T cells and the effector/cytotoxic T-cell populations in order to generate, and ideally maintain, a tolerant phenotype. Characterizing the dynamics of immune cell populations and the interactive feedback loops that lead to graft rejection or tolerance is extremely challenging, but is necessary if rational modulation to induce transplant tolerance is to be accomplished. Herein is presented the solid organ agent-based model (SOTABM) as an initial example of an agent-based model (ABM) that abstractly reproduces the cellular and molecular components of the immune response to SOT. Despite its abstract nature, the SOTABM is able to qualitatively reproduce acute rejection and the suppression of acute rejection by immunosuppression to generate transplant tolerance. The SOTABM is intended as an initial example of how ABMs can be used to dynamically represent mechanistic knowledge concerning transplant immunology in a scalable and expandable form and can thus potentially serve as useful adjuncts to the investigation and development of control strategies to induce transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary An
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
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Lee MW, Ryu S, Kim DS, Sung KW, Koo HH, Yoo KH. Strategies to improve the immunosuppressive properties of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:179. [PMID: 26445096 PMCID: PMC4596374 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest for the treatment of immune-related diseases because of their immunosuppressive capacities. However, few clinical trials of MSCs have yielded satisfactory results. A number of clinical trials using MSCs are currently in progress worldwide. Unfortunately, protocols and methods, including optimized culture conditions for the harvest of MSCs, have not been standardized. In this regard, complications in the ex vivo expansion of MSCs and MSC heterogeneity have been implicated in the failure of clinical trials. In this review, potential strategies to obtain MSCs with improved immunosuppressive properties and the potential roles of specific immunomodulatory genes, which are differentially upregulated in certain culture conditions, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Woo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Somi Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea. .,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.
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Lei H, Schmidt-Bleek K, Dienelt A, Reinke P, Volk HD. Regulatory T cell-mediated anti-inflammatory effects promote successful tissue repair in both indirect and direct manners. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:184. [PMID: 26388774 PMCID: PMC4557110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) offer new immunotherapeutic options to control undesired immune reactions, such as those in transplant rejection and autoimmunity. In addition, tissue repair and regeneration depend on a multitude of tightly regulated immune and non-immune cells and signaling molecules. There is mounting evidence that adequate innate responses, and even more importantly balanced adaptive immune responses, are key players in the tissue repair and regeneration processes, even in absence of any immune-related disease or infection. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacities of Treg can affect not only the effector immune response, creating the appropriate immune environment for successful tissue repair and regeneration, but growing evidence shows that they also have direct effects on tissue cell functions. Here we summarize the present views on how Treg might support tissue regeneration by direct control of undesired immune reactivity and also by direct interaction with non-immune tissue cells. We describe tissue-resident Treg and their specific phenotypes in skin, visceral adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. In addition, we touch on the topic of osteoimmunology, discussing the direct interactions of Treg with bone-forming cells, such as osteoblasts and their mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) progenitors-a field which is under-investigated. We hypothesize a cross-talk between Treg and bone-forming cells through the CD39-CD73-(adenosine)-adenosine receptor pathway, which might also potentiate the differentiation of MSCs, thus facilitating bone regeneration. This hypothesis may provide a road map for further investigations on the cross-talk between the immune and the skeletal system, and also enable the development of better strategies to promote bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lei
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany ; Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany ; Julius Wolff Institute, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Dienelt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany ; Julius Wolff Institute, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany ; Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany ; Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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