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Olivera-Bernal GC, De Ita-Ley M, Ricárdez-Marcial EF, Garduño-Zarazúa LM, González-Cuevas ÁR, Sepúlveda-Robles OA, Huicochea-Montiel JC, Cárdenas-Conejo A, Santana-Díaz L, Rosas-Vargas H. Cytogenomic description of a Mexican cohort with differences in sex development. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 39010086 PMCID: PMC11251293 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in Sex Development (DSD) is a heterogeneous group of congenital alterations that affect inner and/or outer primary sex characters. Although these conditions do not represent a mortality risk, they can have a severe psycho-emotional impact if not appropriately managed. The genetic changes that can give rise to DSD are diverse, from chromosomal alterations to single base variants involved in the sexual development network. Epidemiological studies about DSD indicate a global frequency of 1:4500-5500, which can increase to 1:200-300, including isolated anatomical defects. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe epidemiological and genetic features of DSD in a cohort of Mexican patients of a third-level care hospital. METHODS Descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed DSD patients from 2015 to 2021 attended a Paediatric Hospital from Mexico City. RESULTS One hundred one patients diagnosed with DSD were registered and grouped into different entities according to the Chicago consensus statement and the diagnosis defined by the multidisciplinary group. Of the total, 54% of them belong to the chromosomal DSD classification, 16% belongs to 46, XX and 30% of them belongs to the 46, XY classification. CONCLUSION The frequency for chromosomal DSDs was consistent with the literature; however, we found that DSD 46, XY is more frequent in our cohort, which may be due to the age of the patients captured, the characteristics of our study population, or other causes that depend on the sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grecia C Olivera-Bernal
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marlon De Ita-Ley
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar F Ricárdez-Marcial
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital General Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz María Garduño-Zarazúa
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Ricardo González-Cuevas
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar A Sepúlveda-Robles
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Huicochea-Montiel
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional S XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Cárdenas-Conejo
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional S XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Santana-Díaz
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital General Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haydeé Rosas-Vargas
- Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)/Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Ave. Cuauhtémoc 330, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ferriani R, Moyano HR, Verde D, Bottero E. Minimally invasive treatment of an intramural monolateral ectopic urether in a French bulldog with 78, XX (SRY‐negative) ovotesticular disorder of sexual development. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferriani
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco Via Isaac Newton 2 Milan 20135 Italy
- ENDOVET Milano Via Isaac Newton 2 Milan 20135 Italy
| | | | - Davide Verde
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco Via Isaac Newton 2 Milan 20135 Italy
| | - Enrico Bottero
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco Via Isaac Newton 2 Milan 20135 Italy
- ENDOVET Ceva Regione Costa 10, Ceva 12073 Italy
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Estermann MA, Smith CA. Applying Single-Cell Analysis to Gonadogenesis and DSDs (Disorders/Differences of Sex Development). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6614. [PMID: 32927658 PMCID: PMC7555471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonads are unique among the body's organs in having a developmental choice: testis or ovary formation. Gonadal sex differentiation involves common progenitor cells that form either Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis or granulosa and thecal cells in the ovary. Single-cell analysis is now shedding new light on how these cell lineages are specified and how they interact with the germline. Such studies are also providing new information on gonadal maturation, ageing and the somatic-germ cell niche. Furthermore, they have the potential to improve our understanding and diagnosis of Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSDs). DSDs occur when chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex are atypical. Despite major advances in recent years, most cases of DSD still cannot be explained at the molecular level. This presents a major pediatric concern. The emergence of single-cell genomics and transcriptomics now presents a novel avenue for DSD analysis, for both diagnosis and for understanding the molecular genetic etiology. Such -omics datasets have the potential to enhance our understanding of the cellular origins and pathogenesis of DSDs, as well as infertility and gonadal diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A. Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia;
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Guran T, Yesil G, Turan S, Atay Z, Bozkurtlar E, Aghayev A, Gul S, Tinay I, Aru B, Arslan S, Koroglu MK, Ercan F, Demirel GY, Eren FS, Karademir B, Bereket A. PPP2R3C gene variants cause syndromic 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis and impaired spermatogenesis in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:291-309. [PMID: 30893644 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Context Most of the knowledge on the factors involved in human sexual development stems from studies of rare cases with disorders of sex development. Here, we have described a novel 46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis syndrome caused by homozygous variants in PPP2R3C gene. This gene encodes B″gamma regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the phospho-regulation processes of most mammalian cell types. PPP2R3C gene is most abundantly expressed in testis in humans, while its function was hitherto unknown. Patients and methods Four girls from four unrelated families with 46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis were studied using exome or Sanger sequencing of PPP2R3C gene. In total, four patients and their heterozygous parents were investigated for clinical, laboratory, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics. Results We have identified three different homozygous PPP2R3C variants, c.308T>C (p.L103P), c.578T>C (p.L193S) and c.1049T>C (p.F350S), in four girls with 46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis. Patients also manifested a unique syndrome of extragonadal anomalies, including typical facial gestalt, low birth weight, myopathy, rod and cone dystrophy, anal atresia, omphalocele, sensorineural hearing loss, dry and scaly skin, skeletal abnormalities, renal agenesis and neuromotor delay. We have shown a decreased SOX9-Phospho protein expression in the dysgenetic gonads of the patients with homozygous PPP2R3C variants suggesting impaired SOX9 signaling in the pathogenesis of gonadal dysgenesis. Heterozygous males presented with abnormal sperm morphology and impaired fertility. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PPP2R3C protein is involved in the ontogeny of multiple organs, especially critical for testis development and spermatogenesis. PPPR3C provides insight into pathophysiology, as well as emerging as a potential therapeutic target for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Guran
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Genetics, Bezm-i Alem University
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University
| | - Zeynep Atay
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medipol University
| | - Emine Bozkurtlar
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - AghaRza Aghayev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Gul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ilker Tinay
- Department of Urology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Aru
- Department of Immunology, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center
| | - M Kutay Koroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulderen Y Demirel
- Department of Immunology, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda S Eren
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center
| | - Abdullah Bereket
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University
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Yang Y, Workman S, Wilson M. The molecular pathways underlying early gonadal development. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-17-0314. [PMID: 30042122 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The body of knowledge surrounding reproductive development spans the fields of genetics, anatomy, physiology and biomedicine, to build a comprehensive understanding of the later stages of reproductive development in humans and animal models. Despite this, there remains much to learn about the bi-potential progenitor structure that the ovary and testis arise from, known as the genital ridge (GR). This tissue forms relatively late in embryonic development and has the potential to form either the ovary or testis, which in turn produce hormones required for development of the rest of the reproductive tract. It is imperative that we understand the genetic networks underpinning GR development if we are to begin to understand abnormalities in the adult. This is particularly relevant in the contexts of disorders of sex development (DSDs) and infertility, two conditions that many individuals struggle with worldwide, with often no answers as to their aetiology. Here, we review what is known about the genetics of GR development. Investigating the genetic networks required for GR formation will not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of reproductive development, it may in turn open new avenues of investigation into reproductive abnormalities and later fertility issues in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Y Yang, Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Megan Wilson
- M Wilson , Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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