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Chen D, Cao H, Zheng X, Wang H, Han Z, Wang W. Immune checkpoint gene signature assesses immune infiltration profiles in bladder cancer and identifies KRT23 as an immunotherapeutic target. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1024. [PMID: 39160525 PMCID: PMC11331755 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, researchers have made promising progress, including the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the therapy of bladder cancer (BLCA). Existing studies mainly focus on single immune checkpoint inhibitors but lack relevant studies on the gene expression profiles of multiple immune checkpoints. METHODS RNA-sequencing profiling data and clinical information of BLCA patients and normal human bladder samples were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and analyzed to identify different expression profiles of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) after consensus clustering analysis. Based on the 526 intersecting differentially expressed genes, the LASSO Cox regression analysis was utilized to construct the ICG signature. RESULTS According to the expression of ICGs, BLCA patients were divided into three subtypes with different phenotypic and mechanistic characteristics. Furthermore, the developed ICG signature were independent predictors of outcome in BLCA patients, and was correlated with the immune infiltration, the expression of ICGs and chemotherapeutic effect. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the expression profile of immune checkpoint genes, and established the ICG signature to investigate the differences in ICGs expression and tumor immune microenvironment, which will help risk stratification and accelerate precision medicine. Finally, we identified KRT23 as the most critical model gene, and highlighted KRT23 as a potential target to enhance immunotherapy against BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road #107, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haoyuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Haojun Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zengchi Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Jingba Road, Shizhong District, Jinan, 250001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti Nan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Michaud É, Mansure JJ, Kassouf W. Integrating novel immunotherapeutic approaches in organ-preserving therapies for bladder cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38092703 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the years, the landscape of bladder cancer treatment has witnessed notable advancements, particularly in the realm of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising adjunct to organ-preserving approaches, harnessing the immune system's potential to target and eliminate cancer cells. Organ preservation strategies offer viable alternatives to radical cystectomy to avoid the morbidities associated with radical surgery, as well as to respond to the needs of patients unfit for or who have refused surgery. However, the challenge lies in achieving durable disease control while minimizing treatment-related toxicities. This review highlights the significance of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, in the treatment of localized bladder cancer. The clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, as both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, is discussed. Moreover, the potential of immunotherapies beyond immune checkpoint inhibition, including combinations with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations and/or investigational gene therapies, is explored. Furthermore, the predictive value of the tumour immune microenvironment for the success of these strategies is examined. Understanding the complex interplay between tumour immunity and therapeutic interventions can aid in identifying predictive biomarkers and tailoring personalized treatment strategies. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to optimize the use of immunotherapy in conjunction with organ-preserving therapies, potentially leading to enhanced patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Michaud
- Urologic Oncology Research Division, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Joao Mansure
- Urologic Oncology Research Division, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Urologic Oncology Research Division, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Mou Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Hu Y, Zou L, Xu C, Jiang H. Cryoablation inhibits the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer by enhancing tumour-specific immunity. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1255. [PMID: 37157934 PMCID: PMC10167412 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis of bladder cancer are major factors affecting patient prognosis. Endoscopic cryoablation achieved a better clinical outcome among clinical patients and could be synergistic with ICIs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the immunological mechanism of cryoablation for bladder cancer to reveal the therapeutic mechanism. METHODS We systematically reviewed the clinical prognosis of patients underwent cryoablation at Huashan Hospital in these first-in-human studies (ChiCTR-INR-17013060). Murine models were constructed to explore cryoablation-induced tumour-specific immunity, which was further confirmed by primary bladder tumour organoids and autologous lymphocytes cocultured system. RESULTS Cryoablation improved progression-free survival and recurrence-free survival respectively. Assessment of murine models after cryoablation confirmed microenvironment remodelling and tumour-specific T cells expansion. Enhanced antitumour effects were found after coculture of organoids with autologous lymphocytes collected from post-cryoablation. We also demonstrated cryoablation-induced tumour elimination required IFNGR expression on tumour cells. In addition, a long-lasting antitumour memory response is achieved by cryoablation and could be enhanced after combination with ICIs. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed endoscopic cryoablation is an efficient and safe therapy for bladder tumour treatment. The tumour-specific immune responses induced by cryoablation could reduce tumour recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Mou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinan Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Luo L, Li F, Gong B, Xi P, Xie W. A novel prognostic model based on cellular senescence-related gene signature for bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937951. [PMID: 36505846 PMCID: PMC9727082 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence plays crucial role in the progression of tumors. However, the expression patterns and clinical significance of cellular senescence-related genes in bladder cancer (BCa) are still not clearly clarified. This study aimed to establish a prognosis model based on senescence-related genes in BCa. Methods The transcriptional profile data and clinical information of BCa were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to develop a prognostic model in the TCGA cohort. The GSE13507 cohort were used for validation. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. Results A six-gene signature (CBX7, EPHA3, STK40, TGFB1I1, SREBF1, MYC) was constructed in the TCGA databases. Patients were classified into high risk and low risk group in terms of the median risk score. Survival analysis revealed that patients in the higher risk group presented significantly worse prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis verified the moderate predictive power of the risk model based on the six senescence-related genes signature. Further analysis indicated that the clinicopathological features analysis were significantly different between the two risk groups. As expected, the signature presented prognostic significance in the GSE13507 cohort. Functional analysis indicated that immune-related pathways activity, immune cell infiltration and immune-related function were different between two risk groups. In addition, risk score were positively correlated with multiple immunotherapy biomarkers. Conclusion Our study revealed that a novel model based on senescence-related genes could serve as a reliable predictor of survival for patients with BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Xi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjie Xie,
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5
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A novel 17 apoptosis-related genes signature could predict overall survival for bladder cancer and its associations with immune infiltration. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Weinhold P, Jokisch F, Schulz GB, Buchner A, Kazmierczak PM, Kretschmer A, Schlenker B, Karl A, Stief CG, Grimm T. Clinical Implication of Borderline CT-Morphological Metastatic Spread in Bladder Cancer: What You See Is Not Always What You Got. Urol Int 2022; 106:806-815. [PMID: 35114679 DOI: 10.1159/000521857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Palliative radical cystectomy (pRC) may be offered to selected bladder cancer (BC) patients with grievous local symptoms. However, there is only scarce information on perioperative complications and prognosis, especially in the case of metastatic spread. We intended to analyze morbidity and oncological outcome in this patient subgroup. MATERIALS Patients undergoing pRC because of BC with radiologic evidence of metastases were included in this retrospective study. Perioperative adverse events (AEs) were graded by the Clavien-Dindo Classification system. All patients underwent CT-based surveillance, and questionnaires were sent for survival follow-up in predefined intervals. Oncological outcome and predictive markers were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses, using log-rank tests and Cox-regression analyses. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2016, 77 patients were identified. Median age at surgery was 70 years (IQR 66-77) and the median follow-up time was 12 months (IQR 4-44). Preoperative staging revealed pulmonary, hepatic, bone, peritoneal, and various other metastasis in 46/77 (60%), 14/77 (18%), 11/77 (14%), 5/77 (7%), and 11/77 (14%) cases, respectively. Most frequently observed symptoms at the time of pRC were severe gross hematuria (n = 41) and intense pain (n = 11). Most AEs were of minor grade (83%). The median length of stay was 20 days. Median CSS was 13 months with a 5-year CSS of 34%. Intriguingly and unsuspectedly, preoperatively suspicious lung lesions were confirmed during surveillance only in 33%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, intraoperative blood transfusions (HR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09-4.63, p = 0.028) were significantly associated with decreased CSS. The best outcome was observed in patients with only subpleural metastases (CSS 80 months, p = 0.039) and normal CRP- and Hb values. CONCLUSION pRC can be performed with acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary lesions seem to have a risk of false-positive results and should be biopsied in all uncertain cases. Localization of lung metastases together with preoperative CRP- and Hb levels seem to play a prognostic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weinhold
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jokisch
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Boris Schlenker
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Karl
- Department of Urology, Barmherzige Brüder Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Grimm
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Gómez Caamaño A, García Vicente AM, Maroto P, Rodríguez Antolín A, Sanz J, Vera González MA, Climent MÁ. Management of Localized Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer from a Multidisciplinary Perspective: Current Position of the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary (SOGUG) Working Group. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5084-5100. [PMID: 34940067 PMCID: PMC8700266 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents challenges and recommendations on different aspects related to the management of patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which were discussed by a group of experts of a Spanish Oncology Genitourinary (SOGUG) Working Group within the framework of the Genitourinary Alliance project (12GU). It is necessary to clearly define which patients are candidates for radical cystectomy and which are candidates for undergoing bladder-sparing procedures. In older patients, it is necessary to include a geriatric assessment and evaluation of comorbidities. The pathological report should include a classification of the histopathological variant of MIBC, particularly the identification of subtypes with prognostic, molecular and therapeutic implications. Improvement of clinical staging, better definition of prognostic groups based on molecular subtypes, and identification of biomarkers potentially associated with maximum benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy are areas for further research. A current challenge in the management of MIBC is improving the selection of patients likely to be candidates for immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting. Optimization of FDG-PET/CT reliability in staging of MIBC and the selection of patients is necessary, as well as the design of prospective studies aimed to compare the value of different imaging techniques in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Julián Sanz
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Climent
- Medical Oncology Service, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
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Laukhtina E, Pradere B, Mori K, Schuettfort VM, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Sari Motlagh R, Aydh A, Moschini M, Enikeev D, Karakiewicz PI, Abufaraj M, Shariat SF. Prognostic blood-based biomarkers in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A systematic review. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:471-479. [PMID: 33888424 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present systematic review aimed to identify prognostic values of blood-based biomarkers in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). MATERIAL AND METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched in August 2020 according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared oncological outcomes in patients treated with NAC for UCB with and without pretreatment laboratory abnormalities. RESULTS Overall, ten studies, including 966 patients who underwent NAC, met our eligibility criteria. Six studies provided data on pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with contradicting results on its association with pathologic response (PR) and complete pathologic response (pCR); some studies reported a strong association between a high level of pretreatment NLR and worse survival outcomes. Two studies reported that higher pretreatment platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with a lower likelihood of achieving PR and/or pCR, while lymphocyte count alone had the opposite association. One study reported a negative association between pretreatment blood-based myeloid-derived suppressors cells and pCR. Patients who experienced a remission have been reported to have higher level of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD57+ cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+) compared to those who had progression. One study found that low pretreatment blood-based human chorionic gonadotrophin b subunit (hCGβ) was associated with improved overall survival (OS). High levels of epithelial tumor markers (CA-125, CA 19-9) were also associated with worse OS and recurrence-free survival in the NAC setting. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that several readily available, easy measurable blood-based biomarkers hold promise to improve our selection of UCB patients who are likely benefit from NAC. However, their role as an adjunct to established histopathologic characteristics for clinical decision-making requires further validation along the biomarker phased approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdulmajeed Aydh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Faisal Medical City, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France; Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.
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Fu Y, Sun S, Bi J, Kong C, Yin L. A novel immune-related gene pair prognostic signature for predicting overall survival in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:810. [PMID: 34266411 PMCID: PMC8281685 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant tumor. We constructed a risk signature using immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) to predict the prognosis of BC patients. Methods The mRNA transcriptome, simple nucleotide variation and clinical data of BC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (TCGA-BLCA). The mRNA transcriptome and clinical data were also extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE31684). A risk signature was built based on the IRGPs. The ability of the signature to predict prognosis was analyzed with survival curves and Cox regression. The relationships between immunological parameters [immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor mutation burden (TMB)] and the risk score were investigated. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore molecular mechanisms underlying the risk score. Results The risk signature utilized 30 selected IRGPs. The prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly worse than that of the low-risk group. We used the GSE31684 dataset to validate the signature. Close relationships were found between the risk score and immunological parameters. Finally, GSEA showed that gene sets related to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were enriched in the high-risk group. In the low-risk group, we found a number of immune-related pathways in the enriched pathways and biofunctions. Conclusions We used a new tool, IRGPs, to build a risk signature to predict the prognosis of BC. By evaluating immune parameters and molecular mechanisms, we gained a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the risk signature. This signature can also be used as a tool to predict the effect of immunotherapy in patients with BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08486-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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10
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Laukhtina E, Mori K, Mostafaei H, Merseburger AS, Nyirady P, Moschini M, Quhal F, Schuettfort VM, Pradere B, Motlagh RS, Enikeev D, Shariat SF, Of Urology-Young Academic Urologists Eau-Yau Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group EA. Adverse events of the second-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: network meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:917-929. [PMID: 34078134 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to compare the mortality rates related to adverse events (AEs) and discontinuation of treatment due to toxicity as well as all AEs of currently used regimens of second-line treatment strategies for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Methods: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles according to the PRISMA extension statement for network meta-analysis. Results: Five trials comprising 2205 patients met our eligibility criteria. It is highly likely that immunotherapy, as single regimen, has the lowest rates of motor and sensory neuropathies, constipation, abdominal pain, alopecia, decreased appetite, vomiting and febrile neutropenia. Immunotherapy, in combination regimen, has the lowest rates of anemia and fatigue. Conclusion: Immunotherapy, especially as single regimen, demonstrated the highest favorable tolerability to most AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Institute for Urology & Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz , 5166, Iran
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck , 23562, Germany
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne , 6000, Switzerland.,Department of Urology & Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan , 20132, Italy
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam , 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology & Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Institute for Urology & Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague , 15006, Czech Republic.,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology & Andrology, Vienna , 1010, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman , 11942, Jordan
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Fu Y, Sun S, Bi J, Kong C, Yin L. Construction and analysis of a ceRNA network and patterns of immune infiltration in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1939-1955. [PMID: 34159075 PMCID: PMC8185653 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common malignant tumor, accounting for an estimate of 549,000 new BC cases and 200,000 BC-related deaths worldwide in 2018. The prognosis of BC has not substantially improved despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical information of BC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was used to assess immune infiltration. The survival analyses were performed using the selected components of a ceRNA network and selected immune cell types by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression to calculate the risk score. The accuracy of prognosis prediction was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, survival curves, and nomograms. Finally, the correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the signature components of the ceRNA network and the immune cell signature. Results Two completed survival analyses included selected components of the ceRNA network (ELN, SREBF1, DSC2, TTLL7, DIP2C, SATB1, hsa-miR-20a-5p, and hsa-miR-29c-3p) and selected immune cell types (M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting mast cells, and neutrophils). ROC curves, survival curves (all P values <0.05), nomograms, and calibration curves indicated that the accuracy of the two survival analyses was acceptable. Moreover, the correlations between TTLL7 and resting mast cells (R=0.24, P<0.001), DSC2 and resting mast cells (R=−0.23, P<0.001), ELN and resting mast cells (R=0.44, P<0.001), and hsa-miR-29c-3p and M0 macrophages (R=−0.29, P<0.001) were significant, indicating that interactions of these factors may play significant roles in the prognosis of BC. Conclusions TTLL7, DSC2, ELN, hsa-miR-29c-3p, resting mast cells, and M0 macrophages may play an important role in the development of BC. However, additional studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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de Jong FC, Rutten VC, Zuiverloon TCM, Theodorescu D. Improving Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Localized Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2800. [PMID: 33802033 PMCID: PMC7998260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC), patient outcome is negatively affected by lack of response to Bacillus-Calmette Guérin (BCG) treatment. Lack of response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cisplatin ineligibility reduces successful treatment outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. The effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic disease has stimulated its evaluation as a treatment option in HR-NMIBC and MIBC patients. However, the observed responses, immune-related adverse events and high costs associated with ICI have provided impetus for the development of methods to improve patient stratification, enhance anti-tumorigenic effects and reduce toxicity. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities offered by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in HR-NMIBC and MIBC. We highlight the gaps in the field that need to be addressed to improve patient outcome including biomarkers for response stratification and potentially synergistic combination therapy regimens with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florus C. de Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.d.J.); (V.C.R.); (T.C.M.Z.)
| | - Vera C. Rutten
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.d.J.); (V.C.R.); (T.C.M.Z.)
| | - Tahlita C. M. Zuiverloon
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.d.J.); (V.C.R.); (T.C.M.Z.)
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Departments of Surgery (Urology) and Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Loloi J, Lin YK, Camacho F, Lengerich E, Raman JD. 25-Year Trends in Stage-Specific Incidence Rates for Bladder Cancer in a Large Statewide Registry. Bladder Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy with over 80,000 new cases diagnosed annually and over 17,000 associated deaths. OBJECTIVE: We review 25-years of BC incidence (1993-2017) within the state of Pennsylvania to better define incidence, geographic distribution, and trends over time. METHODS: The Pennsylvania Cancer Registry was reviewed for statewide and component county age-adjusted BC incidence rates and stage distribution. Chloropleth maps plotting statewide and county-specific incidence rates across time were created using the GeoDa statistical package. RESULTS: 93,476 cases of BC were recorded in Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2017. Age-adjusted annual rates of BC over the study interval were stable at 24.5 patients per 100,000 (range, 22.7–25.6). However, annual rates of distant disease increased from 0.5 to 1.1 patients per 100,000 (p < 0.001) with an average percent change increase of 6.6% over the study interval. The annual percent distribution of distant disease doubled from 2.3% to 5.1% (p < 0.001) with a greater increase in women compared to men. Chloropleth maps highlighted growing “hot spots” of bladder cancer incidence in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern portions of the state. CONCLUSIONS: While BC incidence in the state of Pennsylvania has remained relatively stable over the past 25 years, a concerning increase in distant disease was observed. Geospatial investigation implicates higher risk regions. Further studies are necessary to delineate the underlying etiologies for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Loloi
- Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Kuan Lin
- Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fabian Camacho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Lengerich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jay D. Raman
- Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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