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Venglovecz V, Hegyi P. GPR30 is a potential player between islet cells and ductal HCO 3- secretion. Cell Calcium 2024; 123:102922. [PMID: 38924880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The primary role of pancreatic ductal HCO3- secretion is to prevent premature activation of digestive enzymes and to provide a vehicle for the delivery of enzymes to the duodenum. In addition, HCO3-is responsible for the neutralization of gastric juice and protect against the formation of protein plugs and viscous mucus. Due to this multifaceted role of HCO3- in the pancreas, its altered functioning can greatly contribute to the development of various exocrine diseases. It is well known that the exocrine and endocrine pancreas interact lively with each other, but not all details of this relationship are known. An interesting finding of a recent study by Jo-Watanabe et al. is that the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, GPR30, which is expressed in the endocrine pancreas, can be also activated by HCO3-. This raises the possibility that ductal cells play a key role not only in the exocrine pancreas, but presumably also in endocrine function through HCO3- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Pancreatic Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Caplan LR, Vavinskaya V, Gelikman DG, Jyotsana N, Trinh VQ, Olive KP, Tan MCB, DelGiorno KE. Enteroendocrine Cell Formation Is an Early Event in Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:865452. [PMID: 35574446 PMCID: PMC9091171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.865452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%, due, in part, to late diagnosis, making the need to understand early events in tumorigenesis critical. Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), when not resolved, is a PDAC precursor. Recently, we showed that ADM is constituted by a heterogenous population of cells, including hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells (EECs: gamma, delta, epsilon, and enterochromaffin cells). In this study, we employed histopathological techniques to identify and quantify the abundance of EEC subtypes throughout pancreatic tumorigenesis in mouse models and human disease. We found that EECs are most abundant in ADM and significantly decrease with lesion progression. Co-immunofluorescence identifies distinct lineages and bihormonal populations. Evaluation of EEC abundance in mice lacking Pou2f3 demonstrates that the tuft cell master regulator transcription factor is not required for EEC formation. We compared these data to human neoplasia and PDAC and observed similar trends. Lastly, we confirm that EECs are a normal cellular compartment within the murine and human pancreatic ductal trees. Altogether, these data identify EECs as a cellular compartment of the normal pancreas, which expands early in tumorigenesis and is largely lost with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Caplan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vera Vavinskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David G Gelikman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vincent Q Trinh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcus C B Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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3
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Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection of Human Primary Pancreatic Ductal Cell Cultures Results in Impairment of Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070597. [PMID: 31269669 PMCID: PMC6669621 DOI: 10.3390/v11070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus-B4 (CV-B4) E2 can persist in the pancreatic ductal-like cells (Panc-1 cell line), which results in an impaired differentiation of these cells into islet-like cell aggregates (ICA). In this study, primary pancreatic ductal cells obtained as a by-product of islet isolation from the pancreas of seven brain-dead adults were inoculated with CV-B4 E2, followed-up for 29 days, and the impact was investigated. Viral titers in culture supernatants were analyzed throughout the culture. Intracellular viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR. Levels of ductal cell marker CK19 mRNA and of insulin mRNA were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The concentration of c-peptide in supernatants was determined by ELISA. Ductal cells exposed to trypsin and serum-free medium formed ICA and resulted in an increased insulin secretion. Ductal cells from five brain-dead donors were severely damaged by CV-B4 E2, whereas the virus persisted in cultures of cells obtained from the other two. The ICAs whose formation was induced on day 14 post-inoculation were scarce and appeared tiny in infected cultures. Also, insulin mRNA expression and c-peptide levels were strongly reduced compared to the controls. In conclusion, CV-B4 E2 lysed human primary pancreatic ductal cells or persisted in these cells, which resulted in the impairment of differentiation into insulin-producing cells.
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Liang X, Wu K, Liu M, Yang B. Adverse impact of carbon tetrachloride on metabolic function in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11973-11980. [PMID: 30775809 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), a potent hepatotoxin, is linked to the histopathological outcomes of inflammatory or oxidative stress, and cell death. However, further study of additional dysmetabolism induced by CCl 4 toxicant has not yet been investigated. In current study, chronical and acute exposures of CCl 4 in mice were used to unmask the biological molecular mechanism responsible for insulin-dependent metabolic disorder. In experimental methods, a number of biochemical assays were used in assessment of biological impacts on insulin-produced pancreas and insulin-responsive hepatocyte after long- and short-term exposures of CCl 4 toxicant, respectively. As a result, data from oral glucose tolerance test showed that CCl 4 exposures induced glucose tolerance and disrupted blood insulin and glucagon levels time-dependently. Meanwhile, biochemical and histocytological analyses further indicated that CCl 4 exposures significantly resulted in liver cell damage, induced abnormal changes of hepatic and skeletal glycogen synthesis. In addition, acute CCl 4 -exposed mice showed reduced functional proteins of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor β, insulin receptor substrate 1, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p-AKT Ser473 associated with AKT signaling pathway in liver cells, whereas acute CCl 4 exposure downregulated the endogenous expressions of the insulin and glucagon hormonal proteins in the pancreas. Taken together, the current findings highlight that CCl 4 impaired insulin-dependent glucose homeostasis through modulating hepatocellular AKT signaling pathway in acute CCl 4 exposure and GLUT2/GSK3β pathway in chronic CCl 4 -exposed liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ka Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, P. R. China
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Huang W, Su L, Zhang X, Xu X, Li R. Endocrinological characterization of pancreatic ducts in HFD and HGD fed mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16153-16159. [PMID: 31081956 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Guilin Medical University Guilin PR China
| | - Lianxiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Guigang Guangxi PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence Guilin Medical University Guilin PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation Guilin Medical University Guilin Guangxi PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation Guilin Medical University Guilin Guangxi PR China
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Li R, Guo C, Wu X, Huang Z, Chen J. FGF21 functions as a sensitive biomarker of APAP-treated patients and mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44440-44446. [PMID: 28591702 PMCID: PMC5546492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common medication that induces hepatocellular damage in a time- or dose-dependent manner. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a series of biological effects, including cellular repair. Compared to clinical diagnosis parameters, we aimed to evaluate whether FGF21 can serve as a sensitive biomarker for APAP-induced liver impairment. In the present study, we discussed comparable data from APAP-treated patients and parallelly established APAP-exposed mice for investigation. The resulting human serological data showed that APAP-treated patients have a visible reduction of FGF21 expression in undetected liver impairment of clinical diagnosis. In the animal study, APAP-exposed livers exhibited normal metabolic functions and liver functions, as revealed by biochemical test and histopathological examination. Endogenous FGF21 concentrations in APAP-treated mice were decreased in sera and liver cells. Moreover, comparable immunoassay data showed that hepatocellular FGF21 expression was reduced in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings elucidate the involvement of abnormal FGF21 expression in early APAP-induced liver impairment. Interestingly, FGF21 may be a promising biomarker of APAP-exposed livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, PR China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
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Du G, Sun J, Zhang Y. Perfluorooctanoic acid impaired glucose homeostasis through affecting adipose AKT pathway. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:479-487. [PMID: 29335808 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is commonly applied in manufactured products, and its potential health risk is concerned greatly. Increasing evidences have indicated PFOA-induced liver dysfunction. However, detailed molecular mechanism has not been completely identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanical association between PFOA exposure and AKT pathway in white adipose tissue. As results, PFOA-treated mice showed increased blood glucose and insulin levels, and induced insulin resistance. In addition, serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in PFOA-treated mice were elevated. As shown in histological examination, increased cell death counts in PFOA-treated adipose were observed, as well as ultrastructural impairment in adipose cells was found. Further, immunohistochemical stains exhibited GLUT4, p-AKT positive cells were down-regulated in PFOA-treated adipose, while PTEN immune-labeled cells were reduced. In validated data, RT-PCR assay suggested adipose AKT mRNA was down-regulated in PFOA-treated mice, and PTEN mRNA was increased. Western blot data showed that intracellular PTEN protein level in PFOA-treated adipose was up-regulated, while phosphorylation of AKT, GSK3β levels were lowered dose-dependently. Taken together, the present findings indicate that PFOA impaired glucose homeostasis via negatively regulating AKT pathway in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No 2428 Yuhe Road of Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No 2428 Yuhe Road of Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No 2428 Yuhe Road of Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China.
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Hui Z, Li R, Chen L. The impact of exposure to environmental contaminant on hepatocellular lipid metabolism. Gene 2017; 622:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Solini A, Sebastiani G, Nigi L, Santini E, Rossi C, Dotta F. Dapagliflozin modulates glucagon secretion in an SGLT2-independent manner in murine alpha cells. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:512-520. [PMID: 28499695 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM SGLT2 inhibitors reduce renal glucose uptake through an insulin-independent mechanism. They also increase glucagon concentration, although the extent to which this is due to a direct effect on pancreatic alpha cells remains unclear. METHODS In the present work, αTC1 cells treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (Dapa) were analyzed for glucose transporters, molecular mediators of hormone secretion, glucagon and GLP-1 release, and the effects of somatostatin. Data were validated in murine and human pancreatic islets. RESULTS SLC5A2 (the SGLT2-encoding gene) was nearly undetectable in αTC1 cells, not even by a digital PCR technique using different probes. In contrast, SLC5A1 (the SGLT1-encoding gene) was constitutively abundant in αTC1 cells and in islets, and increased with Dapa. This was associated with greater glucagon release, preceded by increased expression of preproglucagon and HNF4α. Looking at the candidate intracellular signalling pathway, reduced PASK and increased AMPK-α2 expression were also detected. GLUT1 and GLUT2, as well as regulators of glucagon release and alpha-cell phenotype (chromogranin A, paired box 6, proprotein convertase 1/2, synaptophysin), were unaffected by Dapa, as were GLP-1 receptor expression and GLP-1 release. Low glucose did not influence the stimulatory effect of Dapa on glucagon release, but was instead almost fully reverted by SLC5A1 silencing. When the effect of Dapa on AMPK and PASK, emerging regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, was tested, upregulated AMPK-α2 appeared to be involved in molecular signalling. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that, in αTC1 cells, Dapa acutely upregulates SGLT1 expression and increases glucagon release through an SGLT1-dependent mechanism, with SGLT2 expression virtually undetectable. These results suggest the involvement of SGLT1 in modulating glucagon increases following SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solini
- Department of surgical, medical, molecular and critical area pathology, university of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Sebastiani
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Nigi
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Santini
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, university of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dotta
- Department of medicine, surgery and neuroscience, university of Siena and Fondazione Umberto di Mario-Toscana life science, Viale Bracci 18, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Valproate acid (VPA)-induced dysmetabolic function in clinical and animal studies. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The Vascular Microarchitecture of the Human Fetal Pancreas: A Corrosion Casting and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Pancreas 2017; 46:124-130. [PMID: 27846135 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Detailed knowledge on the development of the pancreas is required to understand the variability in its blood supply. The aim of our study was to use the corrosion casting method combined with scanning electron microscopy to study the organization of the pancreatic microcirculation in human fetuses. METHODS The study was conducted on 28 human fetuses aged 18 to 25 gestational weeks. The fetal vasculature was appropriately prepared and then perfused with a low-viscosity Mercox CL-2R resin. The prepared vascular casts of the surface of the fetal pancreas were then examined in scanning electron microscopy and digitally analyzed. RESULTS The lobular structure of the pancreas has a strong impact on the organization of the microvasculature. The lobular networks were supplied by the interlobular arteries and drained by the interlobular veins. The vascular system of fetal human pancreas has many portal connections, including islet-lobule and islet-duct portal circulations, which likely play a key role in the coordination of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions. CONCLUSIONS The organization of the microvascular network of the human pancreas in fetuses aged 18 to 25 gestational weeks is very similar to that of an adult but with more prominent features suggesting active processes of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling.
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