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Moudgil KD, Venkatesha SH. The Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of Natural Products to Control Autoimmune Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010095. [PMID: 36613560 PMCID: PMC9820125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an integral part of autoimmune diseases, which are caused by dysregulation of the immune system. This dysregulation involves an imbalance between pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory mediators. These mediators include various cytokines and chemokines; defined subsets of T helper/T regulatory cells, M1/M2 macrophages, activating/tolerogenic dendritic cells, and antibody-producing/regulatory B cells. Despite the availability of many anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs, the severe adverse reactions associated with their long-term use and often their high costs are impediments in effectively controlling the disease process. Accordingly, suitable alternatives are being sought for these conventional drugs. Natural products offer promising adjuncts/alternatives in this regard. The availability of specific compounds isolated from dietary/medicinal plant extracts have permitted rigorous studies on their disease-modulating activities and the mechanisms involved therein. Here, we describe the basic characteristics, mechanisms of action, and preventive/therapeutic applications of 5 well-characterized natural product compounds (Resveratrol, Curcumin, Boswellic acids, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and Triptolide). These compounds have been tested extensively in animal models of autoimmunity as well as in limited clinical trials in patients having the corresponding diseases. We have focused our description on predominantly T cell-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D. Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Vita Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Spontaneous Diabetes and Autoimmune Recurrence in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice by Enhancing Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells and Showed Potential for Use in Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031169. [PMID: 35163121 PMCID: PMC8835933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of β cells in pancreatic islets by autoimmune T cells. Islet transplantation has been established as an effective treatment for T1D. However, the survival of islet grafts is often disrupted by recurrent autoimmunity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of T1D. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ALA in autoimmunity inhibition. We treated non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous diabetes and islet-transplantation mice with ALA. The onset of diabetes was decreased and survival of the islet grafts was extended. The populations of Th1 cells decreased, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in ALA-treated mice. The in vitro Treg differentiation was significantly increased by treatment with ALA. The adoptive transfer of ALA-differentiated Tregs into NOD recipients improved the outcome of the islet grafts. Our results showed that in vivo ALA treatment suppressed spontaneous diabetes and autoimmune recurrence in NOD mice by inhibiting the Th1 immune response and inducing the differentiation of Tregs. Our study also demonstrated the therapeutic potential of ALA in Treg-based cell therapies and islet transplantation used in the treatment of T1D.
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He H, Takahashi A, Mukai T, Hori A, Narita M, Tojo A, Yang T, Nagamura-Inoue T. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Triptolide on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686356. [PMID: 34484183 PMCID: PMC8415460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have immunosuppressive ability and have been used in clinical treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease, one of severe complications of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, MSCs are activated to suppress the immune system only after encountering an inflammatory stimulation. Thus, it will be ideal if MSCs are primed to be activated and ready to suppress the immune reaction before being administered. Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpene triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb-Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro. In this study, we aimed to use TPL to prime umbilical cord-derived MSCs (TPL-primed UC-MSCs) to enter a stronger immunosuppressive status. UC-MSCs were primed with TPL, which was washed out thoroughly, and the TPL-primed UC-MSCs were resuspended in fresh medium. Although TPL inhibited the proliferation of UC-MSCs, 0.01 μM TPL for 24 h was tolerable. The surface markers of TPL-primed UC-MSCs were identical to those of non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs exhibited stronger anti-proliferative effect for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay than the non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs promoted the expression of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ, but TPL alone was not sufficient. Furthermore, TPL-primed UC-MSCs showed increased expression of PD-L1. Conclusively, upregulation of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ and induction of PD-L1 enhances the immunosuppressive potency of TPL-primed UC-MSCs on the proliferation of activated T cells. Thus, TPL- primed MSCs may provide a novel immunosuppressive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping He
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Atsuko Takahashi
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, School of Health Science, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
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4
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Zhou K, Chang Y, Han B, Li R, Wei Y. MicroRNAs as crucial mediators in the pharmacological activities of triptolide (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 33791008 PMCID: PMC8005665 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is the main bioactive constituent isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which possesses a variety of pharmacological properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are implicated in several intracellular processes, whereby their dysregulation contributes to pathogenesis of various diseases. Thus, miRNAs have great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases, and are implicated in drug treatment. Previous studies have reported that specific miRNAs are targeted, and their expression levels can be altered following exposure to triptolide. Thus, miRNAs are emerging as crucial mediators in the pharmacological activities of triptolide. The present review summarizes current literature on miRNAs as target molecules in the pharmacological activities of triptolide, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, renal protective, cardioprotective, antiangiogenesis activities and multiorgan toxicity effects. In addition, the diverse signaling pathways involved are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of triptolide in the regulation of target miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Shanxi Institute of Energy, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Yinxia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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Guo Y, Ji W, Lu Y, Wang Y. Triptolide reduces salivary gland damage in a non-obese diabetic mice model of Sjögren's syndrome via JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:131-138. [PMID: 33879964 PMCID: PMC8046007 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, the effect of triptolide on Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is rarely reported. In this paper, we studied the effects of triptolide on non-obese diabetes mice model of SS. In this study, salivary flow rate was measured every two weeks, and autoantibodies levels in the serum were detected. Salivary gland index and spleen index were detected, pathological changes of salivary gland were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry, proliferation of T cells and B cells were detected, and related proteins were detected by Western blot. Triptolide increased salivary flow rate and salivary gland index, and decreased spleen gland index. Moreover, triptolide reduced the infiltration of lymphocytes to salivary glands, decreased the level of autoantibodies in serum, and reduced the inflammatory factors in salivary glands and IFN-γ induced salivary gland epithelial cells. Further, triptolide inhibited activator of JAK/STAT pathway and NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, triptolide could inhibit the infiltration of lymphocytes and the expression of inflammatory factors through JAK/STAT pathway and NF-κB pathway. Thus, triptolide may be used as a potential drug to treat SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Guo
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yueyang Lu
- Integration of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Rheumatism, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210000, China
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Salehi B, Ata A, V. Anil Kumar N, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Kobarfard F, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Iriti M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sureda A, N. Setzer W, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Capasso R, Adrian Ostrander E, -ur-Rahman A, Iqbal Choudhary M, C. Cho W, Sharifi-Rad J. Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E551. [PMID: 31575072 PMCID: PMC6843349 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Ana Ruiz-Ortega
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Autopista Concepción—Talcahuano, Concepción 7100, Chile;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN—Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Atta -ur-Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Li R, Sun W, Chen J, Zhang H, Shu K, Lei T. Triptolide inhibits pituitary adenoma cell viability, migration and invasion via ADAM12/EGFR signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 194:150-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen H, Chen Q, Jiang CM, Shi GY, Sui BW, Zhang W, Yang LZ, Li ZY, Liu L, Su YM, Zhao WC, Sun HQ, Li ZZ, Fu Z. Triptolide suppresses paraquat induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFB1-dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:1-9. [PMID: 29195901 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and tumor are highly similar to abnormal cell proliferation that damages the body. This malignant cell evolution in a stressful environment closely resembles that of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a popular EMT-inducing factor, TGFβ plays an important role in the progression of multiple diseases. However, the drugs that target TGFB1 are limited. In this study, we found that triptolide (TPL), a Chinese medicine extract, exerts an anti-lung fibrosis effect by inhibiting the EMT of lung epithelial cells. In addition, triptolide directly binds to TGFβ and subsequently increase E-cadherin expression and decrease vimentin expression. In in vivo studies, TPL improves the survival state and inhibits lung fibrosis in mice. In summary, this study revealed the potential therapeutic effect of paraquat induced TPL in lung fibrosis by regulating TGFβ-dependent EMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China; Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Acheng District, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | | | - Bo-Wen Sui
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li-Zhen Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yu-Ming Su
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | | | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China.
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Qiu S, Lv D. Triptolide inhibits CD4 + memory T cell-mediated acute rejection and prolongs cardiac allograft survival in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2817-2822. [PMID: 28912844 PMCID: PMC5585726 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been numerous investigations into the immunosuppressive effects of triptolide; however, its inhibitory effects on memory T cells remain to be elucidated. Using a cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ memory T-cell transfer model, the aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effects of triptolide on CD4+ memory T cell-mediated acute rejection and to determine the potential underlying mechanisms. At 4 weeks after skin transplantation, mouse cervical heart transplantation was performed following the transfer of CD4+ memory T cells. Mice were divided into two groups: A Control [normal saline, 30 ml/kg/day; intraperitoneal injection (ip)] and a triptolide group (triptolide, 3 mg/kg/day; ip). Graft survival, pathological examination and the corresponding International Society for Heart & Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) scores were assessed 5 days following heart transplantation, and levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cardiac grafts and peripheral blood were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. The duration of cardiac graft survival in the triptolide group was significantly increased compared with the control group (14.3±0.4 vs. 5.3±0.2 days; P<0.001). Further pathological examinations revealed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells and myocardial damage in the cardiac grafts was notably reduced by triptolide, and the corresponding ISHLT scores in the triptolide group were significantly lower than those of the control group (grade 2.08±0.15 vs. 3.67±0.17; P<0.001). In addition, triptolide was able to significantly reduce IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion (P<0.01), significantly increase TGF-β1 secretion in the cardiac grafts and peripheral blood (P<0.01) and increase IL-10 secretion in the cardiac grafts. Therefore, the present study suggests that triptolide inhibits CD4+ memory T cell-mediated acute rejection and prolongs cardiac allograft survival in mice. This effect may be mediated by the inhibition of cytokine secretion by type 1 T helper cells and promotion of regulatory T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiwei Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Dingliang Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
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Zhong Y, Menon MC, Deng Y, Chen Y, He JC. Recent Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:513-22. [PMID: 26015275 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because current treatment options for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited, many patients seek out alternative therapies such as traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is a lack of evidence from large clinical trials to support the use of traditional medicines in patients with CKD. Many active components of traditional medicine formulas are undetermined and their toxicities are unknown. Therefore, there is a need for research to identify active compounds from traditional medicines and understand the mechanisms of action of these compounds, as well as their potential toxicity, and subsequently perform well-designed, randomized, controlled, clinical trials to study the efficacy and safety of their use in patients with CKD. Significant progress has been made in this field within the last several years. Many active compounds have been identified by applying sophisticated techniques such as mass spectrometry, and more mechanistic studies of these compounds have been performed using both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, several well-designed, large, randomized, clinical trials have recently been published. We summarize these recent advances in the field of traditional medicines as they apply to CKD. In addition, current barriers for further research are also discussed. Due to the ongoing research in this field, we believe that stronger evidence to support the use of traditional medicines for CKD will emerge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits spontaneous diabetes and autoimmune recurrence in non-obese diabetic mice by inducing differentiation of regulatory T cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 282:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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