1
|
Kim YI, Yang HR. Role of peripheral and tissue eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:653-661. [PMID: 38504407 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID), and functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) present with nonspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms clinically and also have some similarities in pathogeneses associated with eosinophils. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of eosinophils in IBD compared to EGID and FAPD by investigating eosinophils in peripheral blood and GI tissue and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). METHODS Pediatric patients with chronic GI symptoms who underwent endoscopic biopsies were enrolled. Complete blood cell counts, inflammatory markers, immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum ECP levels, and endoscopic and histopathologic findings were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 387 patients were included: 179 with EGID, 107 with IBDs, and 82 with FAPD. Peripheral absolute eosinophil count (AEC), total IgE, and serum ECP were significantly higher in both IBD and EGID than in FAPD (all p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups in tissue eosinophil counts in each segment of GI tract except for the esophagus (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in tissue eosinophil counts in the ascending, sigmoid colon, and rectum between EGID and IBD (p < 0.05). Peripheral and tissue eosinophils in the stomach and duodenum revealed positive correlation in both EGID and IBD (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Elevated eosinophil-related markers, as well as increased tissue eosinophilic infiltration in the affected areas of the GI tract in both IBD and EGID compared to FAPD, suggest that eosinophils might play a common important role in the pathogeneses of both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Ie Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bashir A, Cabrera JM, Suchi M, Pelz BJ. Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Pulmonary Involvement in Ulcerative Colitis. JPGN REPORTS 2023; 4:e320. [PMID: 37600609 PMCID: PMC10435027 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive eosinophilia is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and is more common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) compared with Crohn's disease. The prevalence rate of peripheral blood eosinophilia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been described to be as high as 30%-40% of patients in a pediatric study. The coexistence of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and UC is uncommon. We present a 15-year-old boy with UC associated with HES who presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Laboratory evaluation showed marked eosinophilia. Alternative causes of eosinophilia including eosinophilic leukemia, infections, or drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia were ruled out. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES responsive to mepolizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Bashir
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jose M. Cabrera
- Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mariko Suchi
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI
| | - Barry J. Pelz
- Assistant Professor, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haasnoot ML, Mookhoek A, Duijvestein M, D’Haens GRAM, Bredenoord AJ. Prognostic Value of Colonic Tissue and Blood Eosinophils in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:62-69. [PMID: 35275200 PMCID: PMC9825288 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that eosinophils may be a prognostic marker of disease outcome in ulcerative colitis (UC), but conflicting data exist. The objective was to investigate the extent of mucosal eosinophils and peripheral blood eosinophil count in newly diagnosed UC patients and to investigate its predictive value in short- and long-term disease outcomes. METHODS The degree of eosinophilia in baseline colonic biopsies and blood of newly diagnosed UC patients was retrospectively analyzed. It was investigated if tissue and blood eosinophilia could be a marker of a severe phenotype of UC, defined as the need for corticosteroids or immunomodulators in the first year or treatment with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or colectomy during follow-up. Time to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and time to colectomy were also evaluated as outcomes. RESULTS There were 103 UC patients (median age 26 years) included. Median tissue peak eosinophil count (PEC) was 70.0 and median peripheral blood eosinophil count was 0.3 × 109/L at diagnosis. Tissue PEC (r = -0.161, P = .104) and blood eosinophil count (r = 0.022, P = .877) were not correlated with the severity of histologic inflammation. Logistic regression analyses did not identify PEC and blood eosinophil count as predictors of more severe disease outcomes. Tissue PEC and peripheral blood eosinophil count did not predict the time the initiation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or colectomy. CONCLUSION Baseline tissue or peripheral blood eosinophils are not markers of disease activity and cannot be used as a predictor of severe disease outcomes in both adults and children with UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Haasnoot
- Address correspondence to: M.L. Haasnoot, MD, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands ()
| | - Aart Mookhoek
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marjolijn Duijvestein
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert R A M D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mookhoek A, Haasnoot ML, Bredenoord AJ, Ma C, Jairath V, Pai RK. The Clinical Significance of Eosinophils in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1321-1334. [PMID: 35136998 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis [UC] is characterised by an unpredictable disease course and variable response to therapy. Recent studies suggest a role for eosinophils in both pathogenesis and predicting treatment response. The goal of this study was to determine the association between eosinophils and clinical outcomes in UC. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from database inception to May 2021 was performed to identify all studies evaluating the relationship between eosinophils and/or eosinophil-derived proteins [EDPs] and clinical outcomes, such as disease activity, clinical relapse, severity of disease, and response to treatment. RESULTS A total of 55 studies were identified. Of these, 34 studies evaluated the relationship between eosinophils in colonic tissue and outcomes and 15 in blood. Eighteen studies assessed the relationship between EDPs and outcomes. In 25 of 34 studies, a positive correlation between eosinophils and/or EDPs and disease activity was reported, three studies found a negative correlation, and nine studies found no correlation. Positive correlations between eosinophils and clinical relapse were shown in four of nine studies, and with disease outcome severity in five of seven studies. Four of 15 studies showed that subjects with higher eosinophil levels had a poor response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that higher eosinophil levels may be associated with increased disease activity and poorer clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Future studies are needed to determine whether a distinct eosinophil-rich UC phenotype exists and whether eosinophil-targeted therapy can alter the disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aart Mookhoek
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria L Haasnoot
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Medical Research & Development, Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Medical Research & Development, Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song XH, Xu T, Zhao GH. Hypereosinophilia with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8571-8578. [PMID: 34754870 PMCID: PMC8554425 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as a peripheral blood eosinophil count of > 1.5 × 109/L and may be associated with tissue damage. The clinical presentations of HE vary; however, myocardial fibrosis and thrombosis can threaten the lives of patients with sustained eosinophilia. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in the setting of eosinophil-related diseases has seldom been reported. Here, we review the literature on HE with CVST to increase knowledge and encourage early diagnosis.
CASE SUMMARY A previously healthy 41-year-old man was admitted to hospital with diarrhea and abdominal pain. He was treated with antibiotics for suspected acute colitis. Three days later, he experienced headache and vomiting. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombosis of the left jugular vein to the left transverse sinus vein. Platelet (PLT) count decreased to 60 × 1012/L, and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) increased to 2.41 × 109/L. He was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin. PLT count progressively decreased to 14 × 109/L, and we terminated anticoagulation and performed PLT transfusion. Six days after admission, he complained of a worsening headache. Brain CT revealed right temporal lobe and left centrum semiovale intracerebral hemorrhage, and AEC increased to 7.65 × 109/L. We used prednisolone for HE. The level of consciousness decreased, so emergency hematoma removal and decompressive craniectomy for right cerebral hemorrhage were performed. The patient was alert 2 d after surgery. He was treated with anticoagulation again 2 wk after surgery. Corticosteroids were gradually tapered without any symptomatic recurrence or abnormal laboratory findings.
CONCLUSION HE can induce CVST, and we need to focus on eosinophil counts in patients with CVST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Song
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Role of Biomarkers in Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153362. [PMID: 34362144 PMCID: PMC8348722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition that generally affects the rectum and extends proximally into the colon in a continuous, distal-to-proximal pattern. Surgical resection (total proctocolectomy) is the only cure for UC and is often necessary in managing complicated or refractory disease. However, recent advances in biologically targeted therapies have resulted in improved disease control, and surgery is required in only a fraction of cases. This ever-increasing array of options for medical management has added complexity to surgical decision-making. In some circumstances, the added time required to ensure failure of medical therapy can delay colectomy in patients who will ultimately need it. Indeed, many patients with severe disease undergo trials of multiple medical therapies prior to considering surgery. In severe cases of UC, continued medical management has been associated with a delay to surgical intervention and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers represent a burgeoning field of research, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review seeks to highlight the different possible settings for surgery in UC and the role various biomarkers might play in each.
Collapse
|
7
|
Berzin D, Lahad A, Weiss B, Barzilai A, Greenberger S. Inflammatory bowel disease presenting with pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:868-871. [PMID: 34021919 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans (PD-PSV) is rarely reported in the pediatric population. Here, we provide a review of pediatric PD-PSV in the literature and report a case of widespread PD-PSV in a 15-year-old male without a previous history of inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical, histological, and immunopathological workup established PD-PSV and revealed subclinical Crohn's disease. Treatment with infliximab was effective in inducing rapid resolution of the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Berzin
- Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avishai Lahad
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Israel Center for Medical Simulation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Batia Weiss
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prathapan KM, Ramos Rivers C, Anderson A, Koutroumpakis F, Koutroubakis IE, Babichenko D, Tan X, Tang G, Schwartz M, Proksell S, Johnston E, Hashash JG, Dunn M, Wilson A, Barrie A, Harrison J, Hartman D, Kim SC, Binion DG. Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Long-term Severity in Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1890-1900. [PMID: 31960916 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) is a biomarker of an aggressive multiyear natural history in adults with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Additionally, PBE at diagnosis is associated with higher disease activity in pediatric-onset IBD. We sought to determine if PBE can function as a biomarker of long-term disease severity in pediatric-onset IBD patients who are followed into adulthood. METHODS We analyzed a consented, prospective, natural history IBD registry at an adult tertiary center from 2009 to 2018. Prevalence of PBE was evaluated in both pediatric- and adult-onset IBD patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization data were compared in patients with and without PBE. RESULTS Among 2800 adult IBD patients, 23.4% had pediatric-onset disease. PBE was found in 34% of the pediatric-onset patients compared with 26.8% of the adult-onset IBD patients (P < 0.001). In the pediatric-onset IBD cohort, PBE was associated with higher rates of allergies (P < 0.0001), but not of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. In the adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset disease, PBE was associated with higher rates of C-reactive protein elevation (P < 0.0001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation (P < 0.0001), higher health care utilization, and higher average health care charges per year (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood eosinophilia was more prevalent in adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset compared with adult-onset disease. Among all IBD patients with long-term follow-up, PBE defined a subgroup with more severe illness. These data suggest that PBE may be a biomarker for a high-risk subgroup with high cost trajectory and long-term severity in pediatric-onset IBD that persists into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Ramos Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyce Anderson
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Filippos Koutroumpakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dmitriy Babichenko
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gong Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siobhan Proksell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elyse Johnston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Dunn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annette Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Barrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet Harrison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra C Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David G Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis in Kazakhstan: First Case Series from Central Asia and Current Clinical Management. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent11020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnoses of ulcerative colitis have increased in pediatric patients in the last two decades. Whereas there are several reports from most areas of the world, no clinical studies describing the clinical management of pediatric ulcerative colitis are currently available from Central Asia. In this article, we first describe a case series of pediatric patients affected with ulcerative colitis in Kazakhstan. This is a retrospective study including 25 consecutive pediatric patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in a tertiary pediatric hospital. The available demographic, clinical, hematological and inflammatory parameters at diagnosis and at the first one-year follow-up have been provided and analyzed. Most pediatric patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis were older than 12 years, with prevalence of male gender. The analysis of clinical, laboratory, endoscopic parameters at the diagnosis suggested a significant diagnostic delay compared to developed countries; however, most of them showed clinical, laboratory and endoscopic improvements at the one-year follow-up. Even though the therapeutic approach and outcomes resulted to be consistent with other clinical studies from developed countries, several aspects of the medical follow-up should be improved, especially in pediatric patients with extensive disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zabrowski D, Abraham D, Rosenthal G, Kader H. Development of peripheral eosinophilia in inflammatory bowel disease patients on infliximab treated at a tertiary pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center is associated with clinically active disease but does not result in loss of efficacy or adverse outcomes. JGH OPEN 2020; 4:636-641. [PMID: 32782950 PMCID: PMC7411706 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric anti‐tumor necrosis factor antibody used to treat moderate to severe IBD. Eosinophils are commonly found in chronically inflamed tissues in IBD. Peripheral eosinophilia (PE) was previously implicated as a marker of disease severity at diagnosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether in IBD patients on IFX, development of PE is associated with adverse outcomes and poor IFX efficacy. Methods A comprehensive retrospective chart review of IBD patients on IFX (January 2006 to July 2015) treated at a tertiary pediatric IBD center was performed. Data was collected at time specified points over a 24 month period and included demographics, atopy, disease severity, development of PE, human antichimeric antibodies (HACA), infusion reactions, cancer, psoriasis, and loss of clinical response. Results One hundred twenty‐one IBD patients starting IFX (67 male), mean age of 12.4 years (range 4–22 years old), met inclusion criteria. Of them, 36.3% had ≥1 PE episode (CD: 25 male, 11 female; UC: 6 male, 2 female). Mean absolute eosinophil count (AEC) did not change over time. PE was associated with clinically active disease. Among patients who developed PE, adverse outcomes were not significantly different versus those who did not have PE. Conclusions In a cohort of primarily pediatric IBD patients on IFX, PE was associated with clinically active disease; however, PE was not related to increased incidence of adverse outcomes or loss of drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Zabrowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Danielle Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Geoffrey Rosenthal
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Howard Kader
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan YC, Steele D, Kochar B, Arsene D, Long MD, Dellon ES. Increased Prevalence of Esophageal Eosinophilia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Intest Dis 2019; 3:180-186. [PMID: 31111034 DOI: 10.1159/000497236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overlap between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been extensively examined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients with IBD. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using diagnostic codes to identify adults with EoE and IBD between 2008 and 2016 at a tertiary care center. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract clinical, endoscopic, and treatment data. Patients with esophageal eosinophilia and IBD were compared to EoE cases without IBD. Results Of 621 EoE patients and 4,814 IBD patients identified, 35 had a code for both diseases and 12 were confirmed to have overlapping IBD and esophageal eosinophilia. The prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in IBD was 12/4814 (0.25%), and the prevalence of confirmed EoE in IBD was 5/4,814 (0.10%). There were no substantial clinical, endoscopic, or histologic differences between EoE patients with and without IBD. IBD was diagnosed before esophageal eosinophilia 92% of the time, with an average time between diagnoses of 9.6 years. Of the IBD patients, 71% were started on biologic anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy an average of 7.6 years prior to developing esophageal eosinophilia. Conclusions The prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in IBD is 5 times higher than expected in the general population (0.25 vs. 0.05%) and EoE in IBD is 2 times higher than expected (0.10 vs. 0.05%). Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with IBD should merit evaluation not only for upper GI Crohn's disease, but also for esophageal eosinophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Claire Fan
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Steele
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bharati Kochar
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Arsene
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Millie D Long
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diagnostic Potential of Systemic Eosinophil-Associated Cytokines and Growth Factors in IBD. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7265812. [PMID: 30147719 PMCID: PMC6083643 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7265812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the acknowledged contribution of eosinophils to the disease pathogenesis, available data on cytokines closely related to the peripheral eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scattered. We assessed the concentrations of eosinophil-associated cytokines and growth factors in the group of 277 individuals (101 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 77 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 16 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 83 healthy controls) and referred to IBD activity and the levels of hsCRP. As compared to IBS patients or healthy controls, patients with CD had significantly higher levels of IL5, IL8, IL12(p70), GM-CSF, and TNFα and patients with UC, the levels of eotaxin, IL4, IL5, IL8, IL12(p70), IL13, GM-CSF, and TNFα were also higher. As compared to CD patients, patients with UC had significantly higher levels of eotaxin, IL4, IL5, IL8, and IL1. In turn, the concentrations of hsCRP were significantly higher in CD than UC. Except for IL13, all cytokines and hsCRP positively correlated with CDAI. In UC, a positive correlation with MDAI was observed for hsCRP, GM-CSF, IL12(p70), and IFNγ and a negative one for IL8. The concentrations of hsCRP, GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL12(p70), and RANTES were higher in UC patients with active than inactive disease whereas those of IL8 and TNFα were significantly lower. Eotaxin, determined individually or in a panel with IFNγ and hsCRP, showed fair accuracy in differentiating CD from UC. If confirmed on a larger representation of IBS patients, IL8 might support differential diagnosis of organic and functional conditions of the bowel. GM-CSF, in turn, demonstrated to be an excellent indicator of bowel inflammation and may be taken into consideration as a noninvasive marker of mucosal healing. In summary, eosinophil-associated cytokines are elevated in IBD, more pronouncedly in UC, and may support the differential diagnosis of IBD and aid in monitoring of mucosal healing.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tissue Eosinophilia and Severity of Colitis. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 42:1127. [PMID: 29266022 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Click B, Anderson AM, Koutroubakis IE, Rivers CR, Babichenko D, Machicado JD, Hartman DJ, Hashash JG, Dunn MA, Schwartz M, Swoger J, Barrie A, Wenzel SE, Regueiro M, Binion DG. Peripheral Eosinophilia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Defines an Aggressive Disease Phenotype. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:1849-1858. [PMID: 29112200 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) and active disease. Little data exist on the long-term impact of PBE on disease course. We aimed to investigate the multi-year patterns of PBE and its impact on disease severity in a large IBD cohort. METHODS We performed a registry analysis of a consented, prospective, natural history IBD cohort at a tertiary center from 2009 to 2014. Demographics, comorbidities, disease activity, healthcare utilization, and time to hospitalization or surgical resection of patients who displayed PBE were compared to patients without PBE. RESULTS Of the 2,066 IBD patients, 19.2% developed PBE. PBE was significantly associated with UC (P<0.001), extensive colitis (P<0.001), and shorter disease duration (P=0.03). Over six years, PBE patients had more active disease (Harvey-Bradshaw Index P=0.001; ulcerative colitis activity index P<0.001), concurrent C-reactive protein elevation (P<0.001), healthcare utilization (hospitalization P<0.001, IBD surgery P<0.001), and more aggressive medical therapy (prednisone P<0.001, anti-TNF P<0.001). Patients with PBE had a significantly reduced time to hospitalization in both UC (P<0.001) and Crohn's disease (CD) (P<0.001) and reduced time to colectomy in UC (P=0.003). On multivariable modeling, PBE remained significantly associated with hospitalization and surgery in both CD and UC. New diagnosis of UC with PBE was associated with increased steroid (P=0.007) and anti-TNF (P=0.001) requirement. CONCLUSION This multi-year study of a large IBD cohort suggests that peripheral blood eosinophilia represents a biomarker of a distinct IBD subgroup, with a unique inflammatory signature, and at risk for worse clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Click
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyce M Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Ramos Rivers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dmitriy Babichenko
- School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jorge D Machicado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Dunn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Swoger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Barrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Asthma Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David G Binion
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Diny NL, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28496445 PMCID: PMC5406413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel R Rose
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morgenstern S, Brook E, Rinawi F, Shamir R, Assa A. Tissue and peripheral eosinophilia as predictors for disease outcome in children with ulcerative colitis. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:170-174. [PMID: 27903418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. AIMS To evaluate the magnitude of mucosal and blood eosinophils in newly diagnosed pediatric ulcerative colitis patients and its significance in predicting disease outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated colorectal biopsies of 96 pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. The most inflamed site was used for assessment of mucosal eosinophils. RESULTS Samples from 96 diagnostic and 70 follow-up colonoscopies were evaluated. Median age was 13.3 years (IQR 10.1-15.3). Median duration of follow-up was 12.8 years (IQR 7.2-17.1). Median number of tissue eosinophils at diagnosis was 45 (IQR 22-73) compared to 10 eosinophils (IQR 8-25) during histologic remission (p<0.0001). Peripheral absolute eosinophil counts correlated with tissue inflammation and eosinophilia (p=0.001). Mucosal eosinophilic infiltration (p=0.02) and peripheral eosinophilia (p=0.04) was associated with clinical severity at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed that severe eosinophilic infiltration is associated with corticosteroid therapy following diagnosis (p=0.04) but not with long-term risk for step-up therapy or colectomy. CONCLUSION Tissue and peripheral eosinophilia correlate with ulcerative colitis severity at diagnosis and with short-term corticosteroid requirement but not with long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morgenstern
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Elena Brook
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Firas Rinawi
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Amit Assa
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|