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de Laffolie J, Sheridan D, Reinshagen K, Wessel L, Zimmermann C, Stricker S, Lerch MM, Weigel M, Hain T, Domann E, Rudloff S, Nichols BL, Naim HY, Zimmer KP. Digestive enzyme expression in the large intestine of children with short bowel syndrome in a late stage of adaptation. FASEB J 2020; 34:3983-3995. [PMID: 31957074 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901758rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome (SBS) includes morphologic processes and functional mechanisms. This study investigated whether digestive enzyme expression in the duodenum and colon is upregulated in SBS patients. METHOD Sucrase-isomaltase (SI), lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), and neutral Aminopeptidase N (ApN) were analyzed in duodenal and colonic biopsies from nine SBS patients in a late stage of adaptation as well as healthy and disease controls by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), Western blots, and enzyme activities. Furthermore, proliferation rates and intestinal microbiota were analyzed in the mucosal specimen. RESULTS We found significantly increased amounts of SI, LPH, and ApN in colonocytes in most SBS patients with large variation and strongest effect for SI and ApN. Digestive enzyme expression was only partially elevated in duodenal enterocytes due to a low proliferation level measured by Ki-67 staining. Microbiome analysis revealed high amounts of Lactobacillus resp. low amounts of Proteobacteria in SBS patients with preservation of colon and ileocecal valve. Colonic expression was associated with a better clinical course in single cases. CONCLUSION In SBS patients disaccharidases and peptidases can be upregulated in the colon. Stimulation of this colonic intestinalization process by drugs, nutrients, and pre- or probiotics might offer better therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Laffolie
- Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Sheridan
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, UKE: University Hospital Eppendorf, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Wessel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Buford L Nichols
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Ferretti E, Tremblay E, Thibault MP, Grynspan D, Burghardt KM, Bettolli M, Babakissa C, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. The nitric oxide synthase 2 pathway is targeted by both pro- and anti-inflammatory treatments in the immature human intestine. Nitric Oxide 2017; 66:53-61. [PMID: 28315470 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM NO synthase 2 (NOS2) was recently identified as one the most overexpressed genes in intestinal samples of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NOS2 is widely implicated in the processes of epithelial cell injury/apoptosis and host immune defense but its specific role in inflammation of the immature human intestinal mucosa remains unclear. Interestingly, factors that prevent NEC such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuate the inflammatory response in the mid-gestation human small intestine using serum-free organ culture while drugs that are associated with NEC occurrence such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin (INDO), exert multiple detrimental effects on the immature human intestine. In this study we investigate the potential role of NOS2 in modulating the gut inflammatory response under protective and stressful conditions by determining the expression profile of NOS2 and its downstream pathways in the immature intestine. METHODS Gene expression profiles of cultured mid-gestation human intestinal explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of EGF (50 ng/ml) or 1 μM INDO for 48 h using Illumina whole genome microarrays, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of NOS2 and NOS2-pathway related genes. RESULTS In the immature intestine, NOS2 expression was found to be increased by EGF and repressed by INDO. Bioinformatic analysis identified differentially regulated pathways where NOS2 is known to play an important role including citrulline/arginine metabolism, epithelial cell junctions and oxidative stress. At the individual gene level, we identified many differentially expressed genes of the citrulline/arginine metabolism pathway such as ARG1, ARG2, GLS, OAT and OTC in response to EGF and INDO. Gene expression of tight junction components such as CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN7 and OCN and of antioxidant markers such as DUOX2, GPX2, SOD2 were also found to be differentially modulated by EGF and INDO. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the protective effect of EGF and the deleterious influence of INDO on the immature intestine could be mediated via regulation of NOS2. Pathways downstream of NOS2 involved with these effects include metabolism linked to NO production, epithelial barrier permeability and antioxidant expression. These results suggest that NOS2 is a likely regulator of the inflammatory response in the immature human gut and may provide a mechanistic basis for the protective effect of EGF and the deleterious effects of INDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ferretti
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karolina M Burghardt
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcos Bettolli
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corentin Babakissa
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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3
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Roostaee A, Guezguez A, Beauséjour M, Simoneau A, Vachon PH, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. Histone deacetylase inhibition impairs normal intestinal cell proliferation and promotes specific gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2695-708. [PMID: 26129821 PMCID: PMC5014201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that maintain proliferation and delay cell differentiation in the intestinal crypt are not yet fully understood. We have previously shown the implication of histone methylation in the regulation of enterocytic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the role of histone deacetylation as an important epigenetic mechanism that controls proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells using the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and differentiation of human and mouse intestinal cells. Treatment of newly confluent Caco‐2/15 cells with SAHA resulted in growth arrest, increased histone acetylation and up‐regulation of the expression of intestine‐specific genes such as those encoding sucrase‐isomaltase, villin and the ion exchanger SLC26A3. Although SAHA has been recently used in clinical trials for cancer treatment, its effect on normal intestinal cells has not been documented. Analyses of small and large intestines of mice treated with SAHA revealed a repression of crypt cell proliferation and a higher expression of sucrase‐isomaltase in both segments compared to control mice. Expression of SLC26A3 was also significantly up‐regulated in the colons of mice after SAHA administration. Finally, SAHA was also found to strongly inhibit normal human intestinal crypt cell proliferation in vitro. These results demonstrate the important implication of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation/deacetylation in the regulation of normal intestinal cell fate and proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2695–2708, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Roostaee
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Amel Guezguez
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Marco Beauséjour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Aline Simoneau
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Pierre H Vachon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, and Research Center, Sainte-Justine UHC, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
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4
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Tremblay É, Thibault MP, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Bertelle V, Bettolli M, Burghardt KM, Colombani JF, Grynspan D, Levy E, Lu P, Mayer S, Ménard D, Mouterde O, Renes IB, Seidman EG, Beaulieu JF. Gene expression profiling in necrotizing enterocolitis reveals pathways common to those reported in Crohn's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:6. [PMID: 26801768 PMCID: PMC4722613 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent life-threatening gastrointestinal disease experienced by premature infants in neonatal intensive care units. The challenge for neonatologists is to detect early clinical manifestations of NEC. One strategy would be to identify specific markers that could be used as early diagnostic tools to identify preterm infants most at risk of developing NEC or in the event of a diagnostic dilemma of suspected disease. As a first step in this direction, we sought to determine the specific gene expression profile of NEC. METHODS Deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to establish the gene expression profiles in ileal samples obtained from preterm infants diagnosed with NEC and non-NEC conditions. Data were analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and ToppCluster softwares. RESULTS Data analysis indicated that the most significant functional pathways over-represented in NEC neonates were associated with immune functions, such as altered T and B cell signaling, B cell development, and the role of pattern recognition receptors for bacteria and viruses. Among the genes that were strongly modulated in neonates with NEC, we observed a significant degree of similarity when compared with those reported in Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profile analysis revealed a predominantly altered immune response in the intestine of NEC neonates. Moreover, comparative analysis between NEC and Crohn's disease gene expression repertoires revealed a surprisingly high degree of similarity between these two conditions suggesting a new avenue for identifying NEC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Tremblay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avec North, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avec North, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Emanuela Ferretti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHEO, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Corentin Babakissa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Valérie Bertelle
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - David Grynspan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherland.
| | - Sandeep Mayer
- Department of Surgery, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniel Ménard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avec North, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Ingrid B Renes
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherland. .,Emma Children's Hospital-AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avec North, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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5
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Preterm Birth Reduces Nutrient Absorption With Limited Effect on Immune Gene Expression and Gut Colonization in Pigs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61:481-90. [PMID: 25883061 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are preterm birth, enteral feeding, and gut colonization. It is unclear whether feeding and colonization induce excessive expression of immune genes that lead to NEC. Using a pig model, we hypothesized that reduced gestational age would upregulate immune-related genes and cause bacterial imbalance after birth. METHODS Preterm (85%-92% gestation, n = 53) and near-term (95%-99% gestation, n = 69) pigs were delivered by cesarean section and euthanized at birth or after 2 days of infant formula or bovine colostrum feeding. RESULTS At birth, preterm delivery reduced 5 of 30 intestinal genes related to nutrient absorption and innate immunity, relative to near-term pigs, whereas 2 genes were upregulated. Preterm birth also reduced ex vivo intestinal glucose and leucine uptake (40%-50%), but failed to increase cytokine secretions from intestinal explants relative to near-term birth. After 2 days of formula feeding, NEC incidence was increased in preterm versus near-term pigs (47% vs 0%-13%). A total of 6 of the 30 genes related to immunity (TLR2, IL1B, and IL8), permeability (CLDN3, and OCLN), and absorption (SGLT) decreased in preterm pigs without affecting Gram-negative bacteria-related responses (TLR4, IKBA, NFkB1, TNFAIP3, and PAFA). Bacterial abundance tended to be higher in preterm versus near-term pigs (P = 0.09), whereas the composition was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth predisposes to NEC and reduces nutrient absorption but does not induce upregulation of immune-related genes or cause bacterial dyscolonization in the neonatal period. Excessive inflammation and bacterial overgrowth may occur relatively late in NEC progression in preterm neonates.
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Non-invasive analysis of intestinal development in preterm and term infants using RNA-Sequencing. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5453. [PMID: 24965658 PMCID: PMC4071321 DOI: 10.1038/srep05453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The state and development of the intestinal epithelium is vital for infant health, and increased understanding in this area has been limited by an inability to directly assess epithelial cell biology in the healthy newborn intestine. To that end, we have developed a novel, noninvasive, molecular approach that utilizes next generation RNA sequencing on stool samples containing intact epithelial cells for the purpose of quantifying intestinal gene expression. We then applied this technique to compare host gene expression in healthy term and extremely preterm infants. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate repeatable detection of human mRNA expression, and network analysis shows immune cell function and inflammation pathways to be up-regulated in preterm infants. This study provides incontrovertible evidence that whole-genome sequencing of stool-derived RNA can be used to examine the neonatal host epithelial transcriptome in infants, which opens up opportunities for sequential monitoring of gut gene expression in response to dietary or therapeutic interventions.
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Østergaard MV, Bering SB, Jensen ML, Thymann T, Purup S, Diness M, Schmidt M, Sangild PT. Modulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Minimal Enteral Nutrition With Amniotic Fluid in Preterm Pigs. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:576-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607113489313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette V. Østergaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine B. Bering
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marie Diness
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per T. Sangild
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Perron N, Tremblay E, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Seidman EG, Levy E, Ménard D, Beaulieu JF. Deleterious effects of indomethacin in the mid-gestation human intestine. Genomics 2012; 101:171-7. [PMID: 23261704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (INDO) in preterm infants has been associated with an increased risk of developing enteropathies. In this study, we have investigated the direct impact of INDO on the human mid-gestation intestinal transcriptome using serum-free organ culture. After determining the optimal dose of 1 μM of INDO (90% inhibition of intestinal prostaglandin E2 production and range of circulating levels in treated preterm babies), global gene expression profiles were determined using Illumina bead chip microarrays in both small and large intestines after 48 h of INDO treatment. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, we identified critical metabolic pathways that were significantly altered by INDO in both intestinal segments including inflammation and also glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and free radical scavenging/oxidoreductase activity, which were confirmed by qPCR at the level of individual genes. Taken together, these data revealed that INDO directly exerts multiple detrimental effects on the immature human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Perron
- Research Consortium on Child Intestinal Inflammation, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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9
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:277-84. [PMID: 22414891 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328351e459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Ménard D, Tremblay E, Ferretti E, Babakissa C, Perron N, Seidman EG, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. Anti-inflammatory effects of epidermal growth factor on the immature human intestine. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:268-80. [PMID: 22214601 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of the preterm infants' intestine underlines its inability to respond to hemodynamic stress, microbes, and nutrients. Recent evidence suggests that exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) exerts a therapeutic influence on neonatal enteropathies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EGF remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of EGF on the gene expression profiles of the developing human small and large intestine at midgestation in serum-free organ cultures using microarrays. The gene expression profiles of cultured human fetal ileal and colonic explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of 50 ng/ml EGF for 48 h. Data were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and confirmed by qPCR. We found a total of 6,474 differentially expressed genes in the two segments in response to EGF. IPA functional analysis revealed that in addition to differentially modulating distinct cellular, molecular, and physiological functions in the small and large intestine, EGF regulated the inflammatory response in both intestinal segments in a distinct manner. For instance, several intestinal-derived chemokines such as CCL2, CCL25, CXCL5, and CXCL10 were found to be differentially regulated by EGF in the immature ileum and colon. The findings showing the anti-inflammatory influence of exogenous EGF suggests a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of EGF on neonatal enteropathies. These results reinforce growing evidence that by midgestation, the human small intestine and colon rely on specific and distinct regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ménard
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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