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Hafiz B, Bamefleh H. Primary Pulmonary Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report With Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e21270. [PMID: 35178324 PMCID: PMC8842713 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor originating from skeletal muscle that is mostly reported in children. The most common sites of involvement are the head, neck, and extremities. The 2020 WHO classification divide RMS into four types: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and spindle cell/sclerosing. Reports of RMS with primary lung origin are rare. We present a case of RMS in a 16-month-old boy who presented with a lung mass and microscopic examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of alveolar RMS. In conclusion, RMS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any lung mass with small round blue cell morphology in the microscopic evaluation and should be distinguished from metastatic RMS of other sites, pleuropulmonary blastoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/EWING, and malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors (MPNST).
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Pio L, Varela P, Eliott MJ, Couloigner V, Guillén Burrieza G, Paraboschi I, Virgone C, Maunsell R, Rachkov V, Rutter MJ, Boglione M, Penchyna Grub J, Bellía Munzón G, Sarnacki S, Irtan S, Schweiger C, Larroquet M, Khen Dunlop N, Ramaswamy M, Pistorio A, Cecchetto G, Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Torre M. Pediatric airway tumors: A report from the International Network of Pediatric Airway Teams (INPAT). Laryngoscope 2019; 130:E243-E251. [PMID: 31090942 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary tracheobronchial tumors (PTTs) are rare heterogeneous lesions arising from any part of the tracheobronchial tree. Nonspecific symptoms may lead to delayed diagnosis that requires more aggressive surgical treatment. An analysis of cases collected by the International Network of Pediatric Airway Team was undertaken to ensure proper insight into the behavior and management of PTTs. METHODS Patients <18 years of age with a histological confirmation of PTT diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 were included in this multicenter international retrospective study. Medical records, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed. The patient presentation, tumor management, and clinical course were compared between malignant and benign histotypes. Clinical and surgical variables that might influence event-free survival were considered. RESULTS Among the 78 children identified, PTTs were more likely to be malignant than benign; bronchial carcinoid tumor (n = 31; 40%) was the most common histological subtype, followed by inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (n = 19; 25%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 15; 19%). Regarding symptoms at presentation, wheezing (P = 0.001) and dyspnea (P = 0.03) were more often associated with benign growth, whereas hemoptysis was more frequently associated with malignancy (P = 0.042). Factors that significantly worsened event-free survival were age at diagnosis earlier than 112 months (P = 0.0035) and duration of symptoms lasting more than 2 months (P = 0.0029). CONCLUSION The results of this international study provide important information regarding the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of PTTs in children, casting new light on the biological behavior of PTTs to ensure appropriate treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:E243-E251, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patricio Varela
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Clinica Las Condes Medical Center, Hospital de Niños Calvo Mackenna, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin J Eliott
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Couloigner
- Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Calogero Virgone
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rebecca Maunsell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Rachkov
- Chair of Pediatric Surgery of N.I. Pirogov Russian Research Medical University, Dmitry Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; ZAO European Medical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael J Rutter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Mariano Boglione
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Pichincha, 1850, Ciudad De Buenos Aires
| | - Jaime Penchyna Grub
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Endoscopy, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Mexico
| | - Gastón Bellía Munzón
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospitalaria, Private Children's Hospital, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabine Sarnacki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Irtan
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital Trousseau-Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Schweiger
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Michèle Larroquet
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital Trousseau-Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Naziha Khen Dunlop
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Madhavan Ramaswamy
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Torre
- Airway Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Weissferdt A, Moran CA. Primary pulmonary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET): a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of six cases. Lung 2012; 190:677-83. [PMID: 22802134 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of six primary pulmonary primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are reported. METHODS The patients were four men and two women aged 22-56 years (mean = 32.3 years). The main presenting symptoms included chest pain, shortness of breath, and cough. The tumor size ranged from 4 to 9.6 cm. RESULTS Macroscopically, the tumors were circumscribed, yellow-white in color, and of soft and friable consistency. Histologically, the lesions were composed of a monomorphic population of solidly packed round cells with a round-to-ovoid nucleus, fine chromatin, small nucleoli, and scanty pale cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were uniformly positive for CD99, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin, and single cases focally expressed cytokeratin and S100. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed in two cases showed positive rearrangement for the EWSR1 gene at the 22q12 locus. Follow-up information available for four patients showed that three had died 24-54 months after diagnosis and one patient is alive 11 months after diagnosis. Two patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Primary PNETs of the lung are rare tumors that need to be added to the differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary neoplasms composed of small cells. Awareness of this entity as a primary pulmonary neoplasm is required in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unsuitable treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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