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Wasan T, Hayhoe B, Cicek M, Lammila-Escalera E, Nicholls D, Majeed A, Greenfield G. The effects of community interventions on unplanned healthcare use in patients with multimorbidity: a systematic review. J R Soc Med 2024; 117:24-35. [PMID: 37449474 PMCID: PMC10858714 DOI: 10.1177/01410768231186224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the impact of community-based interventions for multimorbid patients on unplanned healthcare use. The prevalence of multimorbidity (co-existence of multiple chronic conditions) is rapidly increasing and affects one-third of the global population. Patients with multimorbidity have complex healthcare needs and greater unplanned healthcare usage. Community-based interventions allow for continued care of patients outside hospitals, but few studies have explored the effects of these interventions on unplanned healthcare usage. DESIGN A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library online databases were searched. Studies were screened and underwent risk of bias assessment. Data were synthesised using narrative synthesis. SETTING Community-based interventions. PARTICIPANTS Patients with multimorbidity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Unplanned healthcare usage. RESULTS Thirteen studies, including a total of 6148 participants, were included. All included studies came from high-income settings and had elderly populations. All studies measured emergency department attendances as their primary outcome. Risk of bias was generally low. Most community interventions were multifaceted with emphasis on education, self-monitoring of symptoms and regular follow-ups. Four studies looked at improved care coordination, advance care planning and palliative care. All 13 studies found a decrease in emergency department visits post-intervention with risk reduction ranging from 0 (95% confidencec interval [CI]: -0.37 to 0.37) to 0.735 (95% CI: 0.688-0.785). CONCLUSIONS Community-based interventions have potential to reduce emergency department visits in patients with multimorbidity. Identification of specific successful components of interventions was challenging given the overlaps between interventions. Policymakers should recognise the importance of community interventions and aim to integrate aspects of these into existing healthcare structures. Future research should investigate the impact of such interventions with broader participant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavleen Wasan
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Benedict Hayhoe
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Meryem Cicek
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Elena Lammila-Escalera
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | - Geva Greenfield
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
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Orlik W, Aleo G, Kearns T, Briody J, Wray J, Mahon P, Gazić M, Radoš N, García Vivar C, Lillo Crespo M, Fitzgerald C. Economic evaluation of CPD activities for healthcare professionals: A scoping review. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 56:972-982. [PMID: 35451106 PMCID: PMC9543361 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Continuing professional development (CPD) activities for healthcare professionals are central to the optimisation of patient safety and person-centred care. Although there is some evidence on the economics of healthcare professionals training, very little is known about the costs and benefits of CPD. METHODS This study aimed to review the research evidence on economic evaluations of CPD activities for healthcare professionals. CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Econlit and Web of Science databases were used to identify articles published between 2010 and 2021. RESULTS Of the 6791 titles identified, 119 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. The majority of articles were partial economic evaluations of CPD programmes (n = 70); half were from the USA. Studies that included multiple professions were most prevalent (n = 54), followed by nurses (n = 34) and doctors (n = 23). Patient outcomes were the most commonly reported outcome (n = 51), followed by change in clinical practice (n = 38) and healthcare professionals' knowledge gain (n = 19). CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent call for more evidence regarding the economic evaluations of CPD. This is particularly important in view of the rising costs of healthcare globally. The majority of studies included in this review did not provide detailed information on the evaluations and many focused exclusively on the cost of CPD activities rather than outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Orlik
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Aleo
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Kearns
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Briody
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane Wray
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Paul Mahon
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Fitzgerald
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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McCue M, Parikh SV, Mucha L, Sarkey S, Cao C, Eramo A, Opler M, Webber-Lind B, François C. Adapting the Goal Attainment Approach for Major Depressive Disorder. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:167-176. [PMID: 31435869 PMCID: PMC6858898 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for patient-centered care has become a focal point of healthcare improvement initiatives. Shared decision making-in which patients and clinicians communicate about various treatment options and goals and patient input is considered when making treatment decisions-has been associated with improved health and quality of life. A method of treatment evaluation allowing incorporation of patient-specific goals and perspectives is of increasing interest to healthcare providers, payers, and patients. An approach that allows incorporation of shared goal setting is possible via use of an instrument called the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). This scale provides the structure for measuring progress toward treatment goals set through patient-clinician collaboration. The goal attainment approach has been used as a primary outcomes measure in numerous studies but not in major depressive disorder (MDD). As MDD is a complex, multidimensional disorder affecting each patient differently, the use of GAS methodology is a relevant framework for setting personalized meaningful treatment goals. Initial research into the feasibility of using the GAS in MDD (GAS-D) to measure patient-centric outcomes that may be neglected when more traditional scales are used has been encouraging. The objective of this Commentary is to provide background and rationale for implementation of the GAS-D in clinical practice.Funding Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., and Lundbeck LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie McCue
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA.
| | - Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lisa Mucha
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Sara Sarkey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Charlie Cao
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
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Manocchia M, Donatell RC, Brown R, Bruce LD. Peer Benchmarking and Norm-Based Scoring to Improve Telephonic Health Coaching Quality. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2019; 45:613-619. [PMID: 31307916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating telephonic coaching to improve population health have focused on outcomes, but measurement of consistency of coaching quality is also needed. The aim of this study was to describe how one multistate health plan developed, scored, and implemented a Coach Case Quality Assessment (CCQA) for quality improvement. METHODS The nine-item CCQA is a checklist of elements selected by quality improvement teams for peer benchmarking to improve telephonic coaching. The health plan fielded the CCQA to 470 clinical coaches in 2016. Quality reviewers rated coaches' call quality on each item (1 = learning; 2 = progressing; 3 = succeeding) and planned training around composite scores in relation to team norms. RESULTS A total of 470 coaches completed CCQAs with a norm-based mean score of 50.0 (standard deviation [SD] ± 10.0); 54.0% of coaches had scores within ±1 SD of the mean ("norm"), with 20.9% of coaches scoring below that range, and 25.1% scoring above it. Ninety-six percent (451/470) of coaches completed a nine-month follow-up. The mean norm-based score improved to 56.2 (SD ± 9.3), with 8.2% performing below, 42.4% at, and 49.4% above the peer norm. Scores represent significant mean and proportional changes over time, reflecting improvement on the part of whole teams. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates norm-based scoring as an effective strategy for measuring and improving coaching quality in a telephonic behavioral change program. Health plans can implement case quality review with norm-based scoring and peer benchmarking to aid coaches in continuous quality improvement.
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Baumel A. Online emotional support delivered by trained volunteers: users' satisfaction and their perception of the service compared to psychotherapy. J Ment Health 2016; 24:313-20. [PMID: 26485198 DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1079308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology could answer the substantial need in human resources available for supporting those who suffer from mental illness, by providing scalable methods to train and engage non-professionals to those who need their support. 7 Cups of Tea (7COT) platform was chosen for this study, because it provides a good case study for examining this kind of solution. AIM The aim of this paper was to provide empirical findings regarding users' satisfaction with online emotional support provided by trained volunteers and how it is perceived in comparison to psychotherapy. METHODS An online survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 7COT users. RESULTS The findings showed high user satisfaction with the support provided by 7COT listeners and, on average, users who indicated to receive psychotherapy in their past marked the listeners' support to be as helpful as psychotherapy. Relating to psychotherapy and online emotional support advantages, different advantages were found. The findings suggest that receiving support from volunteers makes users feel that the support is more genuine. CONCLUSION The paper provides preliminary evidence that people in emotional distress may find non-professionals support delivered through the use of technology to be helpful. Limitations and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Baumel
- a Department of Psychiatry , The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System , Glen Oaks , NY , USA
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Lemmens LC, Molema CCM, Versnel N, Baan CA, de Bruin SR. Integrated care programs for patients with psychological comorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2015; 79:580-94. [PMID: 26354890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presently, little is known about the characteristics and impact of integrated care programs for patients with psychological comorbidity. The aim was to provide an overview of these integrated care programs and their effectiveness. METHODS Systematic literature review including papers published between 1995 and 2014. An integrated care program had to consist of interventions related to at least two out of the six components of the Chronic Care Model. Programs had to address patients with psychological comorbidity, which is a psychological disease next to a somatic chronic disease. A meta-analysis was performed on depression treatment response and a best evidence synthesis was performed on other outcomes. RESULTS Ten programs were identified, which mostly addressed comorbid depression and consisted of interventions related to three to five components of the Chronic Care Model. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher odds for depression treatment response for patients receiving integrated care (OR: 2.49, 95%CI [1.66-3.75]). Best evidence synthesis suggested moderate evidence for cost-effectiveness and for a beneficial effect on patient satisfaction and emotional well-being. Insufficient evidence was found for a beneficial effect on health-related quality of life, medication adherence, Hb1Ac levels and mortality. CONCLUSION There are few studies evaluating integrated care programs for patients with psychological comorbidity. Although these studies suggest that integrated care programs could positively affect several patient outcomes and could be cost-effective, additional studies are recommended to further assess the value of integrated care for this patient group. This is especially important since the number of people with psychological comorbidity is rising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwien C Lemmens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia C M Molema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Scientific Centre for Transformation in Care and Welfare (Tranzo), University of Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Versnel
- Department of General Practice/EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Baan
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Scientific Centre for Transformation in Care and Welfare (Tranzo), University of Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Simone R de Bruin
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Dreizler J, Koppitz A, Probst S, Mahrer-Imhof R. Including nurses in care models for older people with mild to moderate depression: an integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:911-26. [PMID: 23651063 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this integrative literature review was twofold: (1) to investigate different collaborative programmes for older people with depression living at home with diverse access to care and (2) to describe conceptualisation of the nurses' role and interventions within these care models. BACKGROUND One in four older people who visits a General Practitioner suffers from depression. Depression is a concern for 15% of all older home-care service clients. Detecting and managing depression in older people is highlighted as a key role of nurses. A literature review has been conducted to investigate collaborative models of care, aimed at ensuring low-threshold access to care and exploring the scope of nurse practice within these models. METHODS Literature review comprising 14 studies and reviews. RESULTS Three different collaborative care programmes (Collaborative Care Model, Community Mental Health Team and Psychogeriatric Assessment and Treatment in City Housing programme) were identified. In all programmes, the essential aspects were complex and multifaceted interventions, provided by a variety of healthcare professionals, but the access to care differed. All studies described the role of nurses differently and with wide variations. CONCLUSIONS Despite a broad scope of practice, nurses play a pivotal role within the different models of care. Nurses have to have the educational background and expertise in mental health issues to recognise depression and eventually be able to provide more comprehensive interventions to alleviate depression in older people. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE Collaboration is needed to meet the needs of older people with depression. New forms of work divisions are pivotal to achieve this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Dreizler
- School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Sampalli T, Fox RA, Dickson R, Fox J. Proposed model of integrated care to improve health outcomes for individuals with multimorbidities. Patient Prefer Adherence 2012; 6:757-64. [PMID: 23118532 PMCID: PMC3484525 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s35201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity is defined as the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions. Individuals with multimorbidity typically present with complex needs and show significant changes in their functional health and quality of life. Multimorbidity in the aging population is well recognized, but there has been limited research on ways to manage the problem effectively. More recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of multimorbidity in the younger demographics aged under 65 years. There is a definite need to develop models of care that can manage these individuals effectively and mitigate the impact of illness on individuals and the financial burden to the health care system. An integrated model of care has been developed and implemented in a facility in Nova Scotia that routinely treats individuals with multiple chronic conditions. This care model is designed to address the specific needs of this complex patient population, with integrated and coordinated care modules that meet the needs of the person versus the disease. The results of a pilot evaluation of this care model are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sampalli
- Correspondence: Tara Sampalli, Integrated Chronic Care Service, Primary Health Care, Capital Health, Nova Scotia, Canada, Tel +1 902 860 3107, Fax +1 902 860 2046, Email
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