Making Wise Choices in Health Provision: Initial Exploration of Nurse Perceptions in Israel

Too Much Cancer Care?: Nurses' Perspectives on the Unnecessary Use of Oncology Services

BACKGROUND

"Unnecessary use of health services" refers to care that does not add value for patients and can lead to physical, emotional, and economical harm. High rates of overuse have been reported within oncology, and patients experience its consequences.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and experiences of oncology nurses regarding unnecessary use of oncology services.

METHODS

In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 oncology nurses currently practicing in Israel. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS

Themes included perceptions of unnecessary use of health services in cancer (causes and effects of unnecessary use, current and proposed solutions) and negative effects of unnecessary cancer care on patients, families, providers, and the system, including decreased quality of life, increased suffering, and emotional effects on patients and families. Causes were seen on provider, family, and patient levels, such as difficulty for providers to "give up," lack of registered nurses' authority, and family and patient demands. Multidisciplinary care provision, nurses' role, and the patient-provider relationship were seen as existing facilitators minimizing unnecessary use. Future improvement can be achieved by strengthening relationships, providing support to healthcare providers, and improving communication.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses perceive unnecessary use of health services as a result of multiple, interlinked and complex causes, but few targeted interventions exist. Future research should explore quantifying unnecessary use to determine an accurate representation of the issue.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Solutions should include engaging patients and families, involving nurses, and fostering multidisciplinary collaborative teamwork to positively affect care and treatment decision-making processes.

Why clinicians overtest: development of a thematic framework

BACKGROUND

Medical tests provide important information to guide clinical management. Overtesting, however, may cause harm to patients and the healthcare system, including through misdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives and overdiagnosis. Clinicians are ultimately responsible for test requests, and are therefore ideally positioned to prevent overtesting and its unintended consequences. Through this narrative literature review and workshop discussion with experts at the Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference (Sydney, 2019), we aimed to identify and establish a thematic framework of factors that influence clinicians to request non-recommended and unnecessary tests.

METHODS

Articles exploring factors affecting clinician test ordering behaviour were identified through a systematic search of MedLine in April 2019, forward and backward citation searches and content experts. Two authors screened abstract titles and abstracts, and two authors screened full text for inclusion. Identified factors were categorised into a preliminary framework which was subsequently presented at the PODC for iterative development.

RESULTS

The MedLine search yielded 542 articles; 55 were included. Another 10 articles identified by forward-backward citation and content experts were included, resulting in 65 articles in total. Following small group discussion with workshop participants, a revised thematic framework of factors was developed: "Intrapersonal" - fear of malpractice and litigation; clinician knowledge and understanding; intolerance of uncertainty and risk aversion; cognitive biases and experiences; sense of medical obligation "Interpersonal" - pressure from patients and doctor-patient relationship; pressure from colleagues and medical culture; "Environment/context" - guidelines, protocols and policies; financial incentives and ownership of tests; time constraints, physical vulnerabilities and language barriers; availability and ease of access to tests; pre-emptive testing to facilitate subsequent care; contemporary medical practice and new technology CONCLUSION: This thematic framework may raise awareness of overtesting and prompt clinicians to change their test request behaviour. The development of a scale to assess clinician knowledge, attitudes and practices is planned to allow evaluation of clinician-targeted interventions to reduce overtesting.