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Öz E, Küçükkelepçe O, Kurt O, Kapıcı Y. The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:343. [PMID: 38714972 PMCID: PMC11075360 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and analyze the relationship between PTSD and breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors among breastfeeding mothers and women with children aged 0-24 months, all of whom had experienced the earthquake. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 173 earthquake survivors in Adıyaman, Turkey, during June and July 2023. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian scale was used to assess the presence of PTSD, while the Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale (BAES) was employed to evaluate breastfeeding behaviors in mothers. RESULTS Significantly higher PTSD scores (47.6 ± 17.4) were found among women staying in tents, while lower scores (37.0 ± 16.4) were observed in those who continued breastfeeding. 78.6% of women reported decreased breast milk because of the earthquake. Mothers with reduced milk supply had higher PTSD scores (46.1 ± 17.3). Breastfeeding training was associated with higher BAES scores (106.8 ± 56.8) and lower PTSD scores (32.5 ± 11.0). A significant negative correlation was observed between the PTSD score and BAES (r = -0.742; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that breastfeeding may protect mothers against PTSD in the aftermath of earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding education. The higher frequency and severity of PTSD observed among earthquake survivor mothers residing in tents underscores the importance of promptly transitioning to permanent housing after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Öz
- Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | | | - Osman Kurt
- Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Yaşar Kapıcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye.
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Gao R, Chan SKW, Zhang BZ, Lin JX, Peng SR, Yang CG, Tian GJ, Bai JZ, Xu LX, Li YH, Zheng ZJ, Pu DS, Chan CLW, Ran MS. An epidemiological survey of mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1263-1272. [PMID: 33146858 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to (1) explore the prevalence and relevant influencing factors of different mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. METHODS An epidemiological mental health survey was conducted to identify the prevalence of mental disorders in general population in Ya'an. A multi-stage, group-matching random sampling method was adopted. Face-to-face interviews were done with a two-stage design by trained interviewers and psychiatrists. The 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) was used for the diagnosis. RESULTS There were 8876 participants who were interviewed in this study. The total 12-month and lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders were 12.5% and 14.7%, respectively. There was a significant difference between males and females in the prevalence patterns of several mental disorders. Han ethnic group had higher prevalence of anxiety disorders (2.7%), and the Tibetan group had higher prevalence of alcohol-related disorders (5.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the areas severely affected by the earthquake had significantly higher prevalence of depressive disorders, and the extremely severe affected areas had significantly higher prevalence of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the prevalence of a range of mental disorders 5 years after the earthquake in Ya'an are high, and the prevalence of depressive and trauma- and stressor-related disorders may be influenced differently by the various severity of earthquake impact. This study may be crucial for the health policy-making, cultural-specific mental health services and long-term mental recovery after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gao
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Bing-Zhi Zhang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Xia Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Rong Peng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan-Gang Yang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Jiao Tian
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Zhen Bai
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu-Xiu Xu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zai-Jiang Zheng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dao-Sheng Pu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Khatri GK, Tran TD, Baral S, Fisher J. Experiences of an earthquake during pregnancy, antenatal mental health and infants' birthweight in Bhaktapur District, Nepal, 2015: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:414. [PMID: 32689955 PMCID: PMC7370411 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infant birthweight is an important public health indicator that is a proxy of maternal and baby’s health. Earthquakes can cause acute distress, but can also contribute to chronic stress through long-term disruptions to social, economic and domestic circumstances. The aims of this study were to examine the direct effect of earthquake experiences on the birthweight of infants of women who experienced the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes during pregnancy and whether mental health mediated this relationship. Methods This is a prospective, population-based cohort study. Pregnant women in Bhaktapur District, Nepal who had experienced the 2015 earthquakes after conception were recruited. Baseline data were collected in structured individual interviews. Follow up was a short telephone interview two weeks after the baby’s birth. Infant birthweight recorded on the hospital-issued birth certificate. The direct effect of earthquake experiences on birthweight and the indirect effect via antenatal common mental disorders (CMDs) were tested using Sobel tests simultaneously. Results In total 497/498 women contributed baseline data and 469 (94.4%) women also provided the birth weight of their infants. In total 6% of infants had low birth weight (< 2.5 kg). The earthquake experiences did not have a significant direct effect on birthweight (p = 0.116). However, the effect of earthquake experiences had a significant indirect effect on infant birthweight via CMDs. When 15 covariates were controlled, women who had moderate to severe earthquake experiences had an increase of 1.58 scores of antenatal CMD symptoms that resulted in their babies being 20.50 g lighter than those who had low earthquake experiences (p = 0.026). Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that the relationship is mediated by the mental health of women during pregnancy. Data demonstrate that the mental health of women who are pregnant should be prioritised in post-disaster management not only because of the burden experienced by women but also because of the risk for the growth and development of their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goma Kumari Khatri
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Thach Duc Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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Navarro-Mateu F, Escámez T, Quesada MP, Alcaráz MJ, Vilagut G, Salmerón D, Huerta JM, Chirlaque MD, Navarro C, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Martínez S. Modification of the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms after Lorca's earthquakes (Murcia, Spain). Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112640. [PMID: 31727442 PMCID: PMC7436333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information of the modulation effect of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes is scarce and contradictory. A cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of the adults was carried out after the Lorca (Spain) earthquakes (May 11, 2011). Socio-demographic variables, DSM-IV diagnostic assessment and earthquake-related stressors were obtained from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The triallelic and biallelic classification of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were genotyped from buccal swabs. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict PTSD, including interaction terms to explore gene-environment (G x E) interactions. The vast majority (83%, n = 341) of the Lorca survey respondents (n = 412, 71% response rate) were genotyped. Both classifications of the 5-HTTLPR genotype were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Prior lifetime PTSD was the only variable that remained a significant predictor after adjustments. There were no significant main effects of earthquake related stressors or 5-HTTLPR. However, G x E interactions of 5-HTTLPR with high emotional impact and prior lifetime anxiety disorders were statistically significant. These results provide new evidence of the modulation effect of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms on PTSD risk. This information might characterize people at higher risk of developing PTSD after an earthquake exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM). Servicio Murciano de Salud. Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Escámez
- IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,BIOBANC-MUR. IMIB Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Spanish Biobaks Platform, ISCIII. Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mª José Alcaráz
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) de la Región de Murcia. Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IM-Institut Hospital del Mar dÍnvestigacions Médiques. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain
| | - José Mª Huerta
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy. Harvard Medical School. Boston, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP). Madrid, Spain.,IM-Institut Hospital del Mar dÍnvestigacions Médiques. Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Salud y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC. Alicante, Spain.,CIBER in Mental Health (CIBERSAM). Madrid, Spain
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Web-Based Supportive Psychotherapy to Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross Sectional Study on the Iranian National Under-14 Girls’ Football Team After Nepal Earthquake in 2015. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and other mental disorders in the general population after Lorca's earthquakes, 2011 (Murcia, Spain): A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179690. [PMID: 28723949 PMCID: PMC5516965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and to examine differences in risk among those with and without a lifetime history prior to a moderate magnitude earthquake that took place in Lorca (Murcia, Spain) at roughly the mid-point (on May 11, 2011) of the time interval in which a regional epidemiological survey was already being carried out (June 2010 -May 2012). METHODS The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia. Main outcome measures are prevalence and severity of anxiety, mood, impulse and substance disorders in the 12 months previous to the survey, assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Sociodemographic variables, prior history of any mental disorder and earthquake-related stressors were entered as independent variables in a logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS A total number of 412 participants (response rate: 71%) were interviewed. Significant differences in 12-month prevalence of mental disorders were found in Lorca compared to the rest of Murcia for any (12.8% vs 16.8%), PTSD (3.6% vs 0.5%) and other anxiety disorders (5.3% vs 9.2%) (p≤ 0.05 for all). No differences were found for 12-month prevalence of any mood or any substance disorder. The two major predictors for developing a 12-month post-earthquake mental disorder were a prior mental disorder and the level of exposure. Other risk factors included female sex and low-average income. CONCLUSIONS PTSD and other mental disorders are commonly associated with earthquake disasters. Prior mental disorders and the level of exposure to the earthquakes are the most important for the development of a consequent mental disorder and this recognition may help to identify those individuals that may most benefit from specific therapeutic intervention.
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Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, Khan MA, Ovais M, Sohail Z, Shoaib S, Tohid H, Hassan M. Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017; 39:135-143. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction and loss of life and survivors may suffer psychological symptoms of severe intensity. Our goal in this article is to review studies published in the last 20 years to compile what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring after earthquakes. The review also describes other psychiatric complications that can be associated with earthquakes, to provide readers with better overall understanding, and discusses several sociodemographic factors that can be associated with post-earthquake PTSD Method A search for literature was conducted on major databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in neurology and psychiatry journals, and many other medical journals. Terms used for electronic searches included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake, and natural disaster. The relevant information was then utilized to determine the relationships between earthquakes and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results It was found that PTSD is the most commonly occurring mental health condition among earthquake survivors. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias were also listed. Conclusion The PTSD prevalence rate varied widely. It was dependent on multiple risk factors in target populations and also on the interval of time that had elapsed between the exposure to the deadly incident and measurement. Females seemed to be the most widely-affected group, while elderly people and young children exhibit considerable psychosocial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samra Shoaib
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA
| | - Hassaan Tohid
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA; University of California, USA
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