Script Concordance and the Think-Aloud Approach Through the Lens of Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory

Student Reflections on Learning in a Doctoral-Level Writing Course

BACKGROUND

Programs to improve student writing have been deployed widely in nursing graduate education, but few operational indicators exist for measuring their value.

PROBLEM

The challenge of measuring outcomes reflects the complexity of what transpires when graduate students write. Better understanding is needed of what it means to students to "learn" from writing support.

APPROACH

A full-semester writing course was implemented in a nursing science PhD program. In formative course assessment activities, students identified problems in early drafts of their work, which they subsequently learned to detect and resolve. In this article, students report what was learned.

CONCLUSION

Writing skills, like clinical skills, are intertwined with intellectual maturation and sense of professional identity. Writing, like clinical learning, requires an investment of time and labor far beyond what is typical in didactic approaches to classroom-based graduate education. Our experience suggests a need to reconceptualize writing pedagogy in nursing.

The cognitive apprenticeship: advancing reasoning education by thinking aloud

Teaching clinical reasoning has long challenged educators because it requires familiarity with reasoning concepts, experience with describing thinking, and comfort with exposing uncertainty and error. We propose that teachers adopt the cognitive apprenticeship model and a method of disclosing uncertainty known as intellectual streaking. These approaches reflect a shift in the educator's mindset from transmitting medical knowledge to broadcasting cognition. We provide several examples to guide the adoption of these strategies and make recommendations for teachers and training programs to improve the teaching of clinical reasoning.