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Darko EM, Kleib M, Olson J. Social Media Use for Research Participant Recruitment: Integrative Literature Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e38015. [PMID: 35925655 PMCID: PMC9389385 DOI: 10.2196/38015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media tools have provided health researchers with the opportunity to engage with communities and groups in a nonconventional manner to recruit participants for health research. Using social media to advertise research opportunities and recruit participants facilitates accessibility to participants from broad geographical areas and diverse populations. However, little guidance is provided by ethics review boards for researchers to effectively use this recruitment method in their research. OBJECTIVE This study sought to explore the literature on the use of social media for participant recruitment for research studies and identify the best practices for recruiting participants using this method. METHODS An integrative review approach was used to synthesize the literature. A total of 5 health sciences databases, namely, EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid and EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), and CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), were searched using predefined keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search was conducted in October 2020 and was updated in February 2022. Descriptive and content analyses were applied to synthesize the results, and the findings are presented in a narrative and tabular format. RESULTS A total of 96 records were included in this review, 83 (86%) from the initial search and 13 (14%) from the updated search. The publication year ranged between 2011 and 2022, with most publications (63/96, 66%) being from the United States. Regarding recruitment strategy, 45% (43/96) of the studies exclusively used social media, whereas 51% (49/96) used social media in conjunction with other strategies. The remaining 4% (4/96) provided guidelines and recommendations for social media recruitment. Notably, 38% (36/96) of these studies involved hard-to-reach populations. The findings also revealed that the use of social media is a cost-effective and efficient strategy for recruiting research participants. Despite the expanded use across different populations, there is limited participation of older adults in social media recruitment. CONCLUSIONS This review provides important insights into the current use of social media for health research participant recruitment. Ethics boards and research support services in academic institutions are encouraged to explicitly provide researchers with guidelines on the use of social media for health research participant recruitment. A preliminary guideline prepared based on the findings of this review is proposed to spark further development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mirekuwaa Darko
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manal Kleib
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne Olson
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Waltman N, Kupzyk KA, Flores LE, Mack LR, Lappe JM, Bilek LD. Bone-loading exercises versus risedronate for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:475-486. [PMID: 34519832 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This randomized controlled trial compared changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass randomized to 12 months of either risedronate, exercise, or a control group. METHODS Two hundred seventy-six women with low bone mass, within 6 years of menopause, were included in analysis. Treatment groups were 12 months of (a) calcium and vitamin D supplements (CaD) (control), (b) risedronate + CaD (risedronate), or (c) bone-loading exercises + CaD (exercise). BMD and serum markers for bone formation (Alkphase B) and resorption (Serum Ntx) were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS Using hierarchical linear modeling, a group by time interaction was found for BMD at the spine, indicating a greater improvement in the risedronate group compared to exercise (p ≤ .010) or control groups (p ≤ .001). At 12 months, for women prescribed risedronate, changes in BMD at the spine, hip, and femoral neck from baseline were + 1.9%, + 0.9%, and + .09%; in exercise group women, + 0.2%, + 0.5%, and - 0.4%; and in control group women, - 0.7%, + 0.5%, and - 0.5%. There were also significant differences in reductions in Alkphase B (RvsE, p < .001, RvsC, p < .001) and Serum Ntx (RvsE, p = .004, RvsC, p = .007) in risedronate women compared to exercise and control groups. For risedronate, 12-month changes in Alkphase B and Serum Ntx were - 20.3% and - 19.0%; for exercise, - 6.7% and - 7.0%; and for control, - 6.3% and - 9.0%. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with low bone mass should obtain adequate calcium and vitamin D and participate in bone-loading exercises. Additional use of BPs will increase BMD, especially at the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Waltman
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 550 N 19th, Street, Suite 350E, Lincoln, NE, 6850-0620, USA.
| | - Kevin A Kupzyk
- Center for Nursing Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 4101 Dewey Avenue, Omaha, NE, 68198-5330, USA
| | - Laura E Flores
- College of Allied Health Professions, 984000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4000, USA
| | - Lynn R Mack
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198-4130, USA
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Creighton Osteoporosis Research Center, 601 North 30th, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Laura D Bilek
- College of Allied Health Professions, 984000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4000, USA
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Baker AL, McCarter K, Brophy L, Castle D, Kelly PJ, Cocks N, McKinlay ML, Brasier C, Borland R, Bonevski B, Segan C, Baird DE, Turner A, Williams JM, Forbes E, Hayes L, Attia J, Lambkin D, Barker D, Sweeney R. Adapting Peer Researcher Facilitated Strategies to Recruit People Receiving Mental Health Services to a Tobacco Treatment Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869169. [PMID: 35722563 PMCID: PMC9199858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most challenging aspects of conducting intervention trials among people who experience severe mental illness (SMI) and who smoke tobacco, is recruitment. In our parent "QuitLink" randomized controlled trial (RCT), slower than expected peer researcher facilitated recruitment, along with the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, necessitated an adaptive recruitment response. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) describe adaptive peer researcher facilitated recruitment strategies; (ii) explore the effectiveness of these strategies; (iii) investigate whether recruitment strategies reached different subgroups of participants; and (iv) examine the costs and resources required for implementing these strategies. Finally, we offer experience-based lessons in a Peer Researcher Commentary. METHODS People were included in the RCT if they smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day and were accessing mental health support from the project's two partnering mental health organizations in Victoria, Australia. The majority of people accessing these services will have been diagnosed with SMI. Recruitment occurred over 2 years. We began with peer facilitated recruitment strategies delivered face-to-face, then replaced this with direct mail postcards followed by telephone contact. In the final 4 months of the study, we began online recruitment, broadening it to people who smoked and were accessing support or treatment (including from general practitioners) for mental health and/or alcohol or other drug problems, anywhere in the state of Victoria. Differences between recruitment strategies on key participant variables were assessed. We calculated the average cost per enrolee of the different recruitment approaches. RESULTS Only 109 people were recruited from a target of 382: 29 via face-to-face (March 2019 to April 2020), 66 from postcards (May 2020 to November 2020), and 14 from online (November to December 2020 and January to March 2021) strategies. Reflecting our initial focus on recruiting from supported independent living accommodation facilities, participants recruited face-to-face were significantly more likely to be living in partially or fully supported independent living (n = 29, <0.001), but the samples were otherwise similar. After the initial investment in training and equipping peer researchers, the average cost of recruitment was AU$1,182 per participant-~US$850. Face-to-face recruitment was the most expensive approach and postcard recruitment the least (AU$1,648 and AU$928 per participant). DISCUSSION Peer researcher facilitated recruitment into a tobacco treatment trial was difficult and expensive. Widely dispersed services and COVID-19 restrictions necessitated non-face-to-face recruitment strategies, such as direct mail postcards, which improved recruitment and may be worthy of further research. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with ANZCTR (www.anzctr.org.au): ACTRN12619000244101 prior to the accrual of the first participant and updated regularly as per registry guidelines. The trial sponsor was the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen McCarter
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Brophy
- Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Kelly
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and the School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine Cocks
- Research, Advocacy and Policy Development, Mind Australia Limited, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa L McKinlay
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Brasier
- Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Segan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donita E Baird
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jill M Williams
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Erin Forbes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Hayes
- Research, Advocacy and Policy Development, Mind Australia Limited, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Lambkin
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohan Sweeney
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Grill JD, Kind A, Hoang D, Gillen DL. Diversifying Recruitment Registries: Considering Neighborhood Health Metrics. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:119-125. [PMID: 35098982 PMCID: PMC8903055 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in clinical research participation perpetuate broader health disparities. Recruitment registries are novel tools to address known challenges in accrual to clinical research. Registries may accelerate accrual, but the utility of these tools to improve generalizability is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the diversity of a local on-line recruitment registry using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a publicly available metric of neighborhood disadvantage. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Data were collected in the University of California Irvine Consent-to-Contact Registry. PARTICIPANTS We categorized N=2,837 registry participants based on the ADI decile (collapsed into quintiles) using a state-based rankings. MEASUREMENTS We examined the proportion of enrollees per ADI quintile and quantified the demographics of these groups. We assessed willingness to participate in studies involving unique research procedures among the ADI groups. RESULTS Although registry enrollees represented the full spectrum of the ADI, they disproportionately represented less disadvantaged neighborhoods (lowest to highest quintiles: 42%, 30%, 15%, 6%, 7%). Compared to participants from less disadvantaged neighborhoods, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods were more often female, of non-white race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Despite demographic differences, ADI groups were observed to have similar willingness to participate in research studies. CONCLUSIONS People from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be underrepresented in recruitment registries, increasing the risk that they will be underrepresented when using these tools to facilitate prospective recruitment to clinical research. Once enrolled in registries, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be equally willing to participate in research. Efforts to increase representation of participants from disadvantaged neighborhoods in registries could be an important first step toward increasing the generalizability of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Grill
- Joshua Grill, PhD, 3204 Biological Sciences III, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697,USA, , t: (949) 824-5905, f: (949) 824-0885
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Cardenas-Rojas A, Castelo-Branco L, Pacheco-Barrios K, Shaikh ES, Uygur-Kucukseymen E, Giannoni-Luza S, Vasconcelos Felippe L, Gonzalez-Mego P, Luna-Cuadros MA, Gianlorenco ACL, Teixeira PE, Caumo W, Fregni F. Recruitment characteristics and non-adherence associated factors of fibromyalgia patients in a randomized clinical trial: A retrospective survival analysis. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 24:100860. [PMID: 34849424 PMCID: PMC8609141 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is a complex pain condition that affects mostly women. Given the disease's lack of understanding, patients report poor adherence to medication and mistrust of medical services. This study aims to describe the recruitment characteristics and non-adherence associated factors of fibromyalgia patients to an RCT. METHODS We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis with data from our ongoing RCT. We investigated characteristics of subjects recruited, consented, and randomized. Adherence was studied using survival analysis techniques, and its associated factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS 524 subjects were contacted, 269 were eligible, 61 consented and 40 subjects were randomized. Thirty-eight percent were non-adherent to the protocol with a median of visits of five. The recruitment survey reported that 90% would likely participate in RCTs, 52% had previous participation, and 19% were aware of RCTs by their physicians. Some barriers were investigator-related (staff's friendliness and receiving the results of their trial participation) and center-related (privacy-confidentiality issues and the institution's reputation), without difference between adherent and non-adherent participants. We report significant factors for non-adherence as VAS anxiety score of 5 or more (5.3 HR, p = 0.01), Body Mass Index (BMI) (0.91 HR, p = 0.041) and Quality of Life (QoL) - Personal development subdomain (0.89 HR, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Recruitment and adherence of fibromyalgia patients is a challenge; however, they seem eager to participate in RCTs. We recommend creating a comfortable, friendly and trusting environment to increase the recruitment rate. Higher anxiety, lower BMI and lower quality of life were associated with a higher attrition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cardenas-Rojas
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luis Castelo-Branco
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Emad Salman Shaikh
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elif Uygur-Kucukseymen
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Giannoni-Luza
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luna Vasconcelos Felippe
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Gonzalez-Mego
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Alejandra Luna-Cuadros
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Carolyna Lepesteur Gianlorenco
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paulo E.P. Teixeira
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Pain and Palliative Care Service at Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cho L, Vest AR, O'Donoghue ML, Ogunniyi MO, Sarma AA, Denby KJ, Lau ES, Poole JE, Lindley KJ, Mehran R. Increasing Participation of Women in Cardiovascular Trials: JACC Council Perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:737-751. [PMID: 34384555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although some progress has been made in the last 3 decades to increase the number of women in clinical cardiology trials, review of recent cardiovascular literature demonstrates that women and underrepresented minority women are still underrepresented in most clinical cardiology trials. This is especially notable in trials of patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and arrhythmia studies, especially those involving devices and procedures. Despite the call from National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, Institute of Medicine, and various professional societies, the gap remains. This paper seeks to identify the barriers for low enrollment and retention from patient, clinician, research team, study design, and system perspectives, and offers recommendations to improve recruitment and retention in the current era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cho
- Cleveland Clinic Heart, Vascular, Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Amy A Sarma
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kara J Denby
- Cleveland Clinic Heart, Vascular, Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily S Lau
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeanne E Poole
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Waltman N, Cole MA, Kupzyk KA, Lappe JM, Mack LR, Bilek LD. Promoting adherence to bone-loading exercises in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 34:50-61. [PMID: 33560754 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently completed a parent study (Bone Loading Exercises versus Risedronate on Bone Health in Post-menopausal Women [NIH# R01NR015029]) examining bone-loading exercises to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Forty-three million US women have low bone mass and increased risk for fractures. Bone-loading exercises (weight-bearing and resistance training) can preserve bone mass and decrease risk of fractures. However, multiple barriers prevent women from exercising and adherence rates are low. PURPOSE This secondary analysis of the parent study (a) examined barriers specific to women participating in bone-loading exercises; (b) described effectiveness of self-efficacy strategies used in the parent study for increasing confidence in knowledge and reducing barriers; and (c) applied study findings and principles of self-efficacy and self-regulation in development of guidelines for promoting adherence to exercises. METHODS Seventy-two women were randomized to the exercise group and completed 12 months of exercises. Instruments for self-efficacy were completed at 2 weeks and barriers interference at 6 months. Percent adherence was measured as the number of exercise sessions attended divided by the number prescribed. RESULTS In the 12-month study, average adherence to exercises was 58.9%. Lower adherers reported lack of self-regulation skills such as "lack of time" as the most frequent barriers to exercise. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Guidelines developed included promotion of skills for self-regulation (such as regulation of time) as well as self-efficacy to improve adherence rates. Nurse practitioners may be the most motivated of all providers to use guidelines promoting exercise for women in their clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Waltman
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Melissa A Cole
- Research Study Project, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kevin A Kupzyk
- Center for Nursing Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joan M Lappe
- Creighton Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lynn R Mack
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Laura D Bilek
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Darmawan I, Bakker C, Brockman TA, Patten CA, Eder M. The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Clinical Trial Recruitment: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22810. [PMID: 33104015 PMCID: PMC7652693 DOI: 10.2196/22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting participants into clinical trials continues to be a challenge, which can result in study delay or termination. Recent studies have used social media to enhance recruitment outcomes. An assessment of the literature on the use of social media for this purpose is required. OBJECTIVE This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) How is the use of social media, in combination with traditional approaches to enhance clinical trial recruitment and enrollment, represented in the literature? and (2) Do the data on recruitment and enrollment outcomes presented in the literature allow for comparison across studies? METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search across 7 platforms to identify clinical trials that combined social media and traditional methods to recruit patients. Study and participant characteristics, recruitment methods, and recruitment outcomes were evaluated and compared. RESULTS We identified 2371 titles and abstracts through our systematic search. Of these, we assessed 95 full papers and determined that 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 17 studies reported enrollment outcomes, of which 9 achieved or exceeded their enrollment target. The proportion of participants enrolled from social media in these studies ranged from 0% to 49%. Across all 33 studies, the proportion of participants recruited and enrolled from social media varied greatly. A total of 9 studies reported higher enrollment rates from social media than any other methods, and 4 studies reported the lowest cost per enrolled participant from social media. CONCLUSIONS While the assessment of the use of social media to improve clinical trial participation is hindered by reporting inconsistencies, preliminary data suggest that social media can increase participation and reduce per-participant cost. The adoption of consistent standards for reporting recruitment and enrollment outcomes is required to advance our understanding and use of social media to support clinical trial success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Darmawan
- Hubbard School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Caitlin Bakker
- Health Sciences Libraries, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tabetha A Brockman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christi A Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Milton Eder
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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