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Shamsi F, Nami M, Aligholi H, Borhani-Haghighi A, Kavyani M, Karimi MT. The effect of action observation training on gait and balance of patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221098943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Various treatment approaches are being applied for recovery of gait after different medical conditions. Action observation is a new motor learning approach, which is considered as a complementary training to the conventional rehabilitation programs such as occupational therapy for this purpose. Objective To find out which patients benefit more from action observation training. Methods Electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PEDro were searched. Prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals with full text available in English, which investigated the effect of action observation on gait and balance of patients with neurologic or musculoskeletal disorders, were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Downs and Black checklist, and the information was presented based on the PICO style. Results Nineteen studies recruiting post-orthopedic patients (4 studies), patients with stroke (11 studies), and Parkinson’s disease (4 studies) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Quality scores ranged from 51.85% to 81.48%. Balance and walking ability were the most reported primary outcomes. Conclusion Patients in the chronic phase of stroke might benefit more from action observation training plus occupational therapy in different aspects of gait than orthopedic patients and those with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shamsi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
| | - Hadi Aligholi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Kavyani
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Karimi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Franklin ZC, Wright DJ, Holmes PS. Using Action-congruent Language Facilitates the Motor Response during Action Observation: A Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Eye-tracking Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 32:634-645. [PMID: 31820678 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that action observation (AO) and the processing of action-related words are associated with increased activity in cortical motor regions. Research has examined the effects of AO and action verb processing on activity in the motor system independently. The aim of this experiment was to investigate, for the first time, the modulation of corticospinal excitability and visual attention during the concurrent processing of action verbs and AO stimuli. Twenty participants took part in an integrated transcranial magnetic stimulation and eye-tracking protocol. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered to the hand representation of the left motor cortex during (i) observation of a static hand, (ii) AO of a hand squeezing a sponge, (iii) AO of the same action with an audio recording of the word "squeeze," and (iv) AO of the same action with an audio recording of the word "green". Motor evoked potentials were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles of the right hand. Eye gaze was recorded throughout the four conditions as a proxy for visual attention. Interviews were conducted to discuss participants' preferences and imagery use for each condition. The AO and action verb condition resulted in significantly increased motor evoked potential amplitudes in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle; participants also made significantly more fixations on the sponge and reported wanting to move their hand more in the action verb condition. The inclusion of auditory action verbs, alongside AO stimuli, in movement simulation interventions could have implications for the delivery of AO interventions for motor (re)learning.
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Cowles T, Clark A, Mares K, Peryer G, Stuck R, Pomeroy V. Observation-to-Imitate Plus Practice Could Add Little to Physical Therapy Benefits Within 31 Days of Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2012; 27:173-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968312452470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Observation of action with intention-to-imitate (OTI) might enhance motor recovery. This early phase trial investigated whether OTI followed by physical practice (OTI + PP) enhanced the benefits of conventional physical therapy (CPT) on upper limb recovery early after stroke. Methods. Participants were 3 to 31 days poststroke. They had substantial paresis and ability to imitate action with their ipsilesional arm. After baseline measures, participants were randomized to either OTI + PP in addition to CPT or to CPT only. Outcome measures were made after 15 days of treatment. The measurement battery was the Motricity Index (MI) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Change, baseline to outcome, was examined using the Wilcoxon test for within group and Mann–Whitney U test for between groups. Results. Sixty-five of 570 stroke survivors were eligible, 55 were able to imitate, 37 gave informed consent, 7 were transferred out of area before baseline, and 29 were randomized. Outcome measures were completed with 13 CPT participants and 9 OTI + PP participants. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements for the MI (CPT median change 8, P = .003; OTI + PP median change 10, P = .012) but the median (95% confidence interval [CI]) between-group difference was 0.0 (−11, 16), P = 1.000. For the ARAT, only the CPT group showed a statistically significant improvement (median 9, P = .006). The median (95% CI) between-group difference of 1.0 (−18, 23) was not statistically significant ( P = .815). Conclusions. These findings suggest that OTI + PP might add little to the benefits of CPT early after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Cowles
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Kathryn Mares
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Guy Peryer
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Rebecca Stuck
- Colchester Hospital University, NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
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Faria CDCM, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Nadeau S. Predicting levels of basic functional mobility, as assessed by the Timed “Up and Go” test, for individuals with stroke: discriminant analyses. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:146-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.690497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Holmes P. Evidence from cognitive neuroscience supports action observation as part of an integrated approach to stroke rehabilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:40-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Billinger SA, Guo LX, Pohl PS, Kluding PM. Single limb exercise: pilot study of physiological and functional responses to forced use of the hemiparetic lower extremity. Top Stroke Rehabil 2010; 17:128-39. [PMID: 20542855 DOI: 10.1310/tsr1702-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke-related deficits can impede both functional performance and walking tolerance. Individuals with hemiparesis rely on the stronger limb during exercise and functional tasks. The single limb exercise (SLE) intervention was a unique training protocol that focused only on the hemiparetic limb. Our objective was to determine the effect of the SLE intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness parameters. METHODS Twelve participants (5 male) with a mean age of 60.6 +/- 14.5 years and 69.1 +/- 82.2 months post stroke participated in the training intervention. All participants performed SLE using the hemiparetic leg three times a week for 4 weeks. The nonhemiparetic limb served as the control limb and did not engage in SLE. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at baseline and post intervention in all 12 participants. At pre and post intervention, gait velocity was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 7) using the 10-m fast-walk test. RESULTS After the 4-week SLE training intervention, significant improvements were found for VO2 during submaximal work effort (P = .009) and gait velocity (n = 7) (P = .001). Peak oxygen uptake did not increase (P = .41) after the training intervention. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SLE training was an effective method for improving oxygen uptake and reducing energy expenditure during submaximal effort. Unilateral exercise focused on the hemiparetic leg may be an effective intervention strategy to consider for stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Ewan LM, Kinmond K, Holmes PS. An observation-based intervention for stroke rehabilitation: experiences of eight individuals affected by stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 32:2097-106. [PMID: 20455707 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.481345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore eight individuals' experiences and responses to taking part in a personalised observation-based intervention for stroke rehabilitation. METHODS Eight participants who had experienced a cerebrovascular accident were recruited to a 16-week observation-based intervention. Participants were interviewed face-to-face to explore their responses to, and experiences of, taking part in the intervention. A list of topics, derived from the intervention process and earlier studies provided a provisional structure for the interview. All interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using inductive content analysis to explore the impact of the observational intervention for these participants. RESULTS Three main themes emerged: physical function, behaviour change and DVD content. Lower order themes were also identified. These included: interaction with the physiotherapist; ability to complete tasks; and increased motivation to (re)engage in activities of everyday living. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a programme of action observation, linked to individualised and meaningful motor behaviours can provide a valid intervention for individuals affected by stroke by serving as a motivating agent to (re)engage in activities which they had believed they could not perform following their stroke. There was also evidence for positive affect on psychological wellbeing and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Ewan
- Section of Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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