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Mongkolmafai O, Jeerakornpassawat D, Tantipalakorn C, Charoenkwan K, Suprasert P, Srisomboon J, Tongsong T. Efficacy of Lidocaine Spray for Pain Reduction during Colposcopy-Directed Cervical Biopsies: A Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:630. [PMID: 38674275 PMCID: PMC11051754 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine spray in reducing the pain during colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy (CDB). Methods: From December 2017 to February 2019, 312 women undergoing CDBs were enrolled. The participants were randomized to three groups: group 1 (lidocaine spray), in which lidocaine spray was applied thoroughly to the cervix; group 2 (placebo), in which normal saline was applied thoroughly to the cervix; and group 3 (control), in which no anesthetic agent was applied to the cervix. Each woman completed a 10 cm visual analog scale to classify the subjective pain experience at three time points: baseline, immediately after biopsy, and 10 min after the procedure. The primary outcome of this study was the biopsy pain score. Results: The 312 enrolled women were randomly assigned to the three groups, amounting to 104 women per group. The clinical and pathological characteristics of the participants in all groups were comparable. The baseline, the biopsy, and the post-procedure pain scores were comparable among the three groups. There was a significant increase in the pain score from baseline to biopsy and from baseline to post-procedure in each group. The pain-score changes from baseline to biopsy in the lidocaine spray group significantly decreased when compared with the normal saline group (<0.001), and tended to decrease, though not significantly (p = 0.06), when compared with the control group. No complication with the intervention was observed. Conclusions: The application of lidocaine spray to the cervix has the benefit of reducing the pain associated with CDBs by a small amount. However, the intervention is safe and may be considered in nulliparous and/or overly anxious women undergoing the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charuwan Tantipalakorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (O.M.); (D.J.); (K.C.); (P.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
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Nori W, Kassim MAK, Helmi ZR, Pantazi AC, Brezeanu D, Brezeanu AM, Penciu RC, Serbanescu L. Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Labor: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7203. [PMID: 38068274 PMCID: PMC10707619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Childbirth is a remarkable, life-changing process and is frequently regarded as an excruciating, physically and emotionally demanding experience that women endure. Labor pain management poses a significant challenge for obstetricians and expectant mothers. Although pharmacological pain management is the gold standard, it still imposes risks on the mother and baby. Recently, non-pharmacological pain management (NPPM) has emerged as a safe, effective option. Six databases were searched for articles published up to 2023 using specific related keywords and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extraction and gathering of data was made so as to be categorized into physical, psychological, and complementary NPPM techniques. In light of the enormous development and diversity of NPPM techniques, the present review aims to examine contemporary NPPM knowledge and application, discussing efficacy, advantages, limitations, and potential adverse effects, with a specific focus on women's individual requirements, to strengthen obstetricians' knowledge in guiding decision-making for women in childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassan Nori
- College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Zeena Raad Helmi
- College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Dragos Brezeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Brezeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Roxana Cleopatra Penciu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Lucian Serbanescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (D.B.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.P.); (L.S.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
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Reeves JA, Goedken P, Hall KS, Lee SC, Cwiak CA. Southeastern US anesthesia providers' perspectives on abortion provision: Inductive findings from a qualitative study. Contraception 2023; 124:110058. [PMID: 37164148 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health care providers, including anesthesia providers, hold varied personal views on abortion, which influences their involvement in multidisciplinary abortion care. We aimed to explore Southeastern US anesthesia providers' perspectives on abortion provision and factors impacting their decision to provide anesthesia for hospital-based induced abortion. STUDY DESIGN We conducted in-depth, individual interviews with currently practicing anesthesia providers in the Southeastern United States. We recruited participants from regional anesthesiology conferences and via snowball sampling. A semistructured interview guide explored domains of obstetric experiences, standardized abortion cases, and personal abortion attitudes. We coded data iteratively and analyzed data thematically using inductive approaches with qualitative software. RESULTS Fifteen participants completed interviews, at which point thematic saturation occurred. Participants represented a range of provider type and prior abortion experience. Participants weighed "personal and professional viewpoints" in considering their willingness to provide anesthesia care for hospital-based abortion. Many participants who personally disagreed with some abortion indications were still willing to provide anesthesia in those cases, some implicitly naming principles of medical ethics to justify differing professional and personal opinions. Participants also considered their "role in abortion decision-making": all participants reported that the abortion decision belongs to the patient or their obstetrician and not the anesthesia provider. CONCLUSIONS Southeastern US anesthesia providers are influenced by multiple factors when considering their participation in hospital-based abortion care. Acknowledging differences in professional and personal viewpoints and identifying roles in abortion decision-making might be important to engaging anesthesia providers in abortion care, especially for high-risk medical or fetal indications. IMPLICATIONS This original, qualitative study identified several inductive themes that characterize how Southeastern US anesthesia providers formulate their level of participation in hospital-based abortion care. Acknowledging differences in professional and personal viewpoints and identifying roles in abortion decision-making might facilitate interdisciplinary abortion care, especially for high-risk medical or fetal indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Reeves
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peggy Goedken
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kelli S Hall
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Simon C Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Carrie A Cwiak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Sukkee J, Taechajongjintana N, Ratanawongphaibul K, Itthipanichpong R, Manassakorn A, Tantisevi V, Rojanapongpun P, Chansangpetch S. Assessment of Pain in Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Micropulse Transscleral Laser Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072634. [PMID: 37048717 PMCID: PMC10095597 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the pain experienced during micropulse transscleral laser therapy (MPTLT) and overnight thereafter and explore the factors associated with the pain. Methods: This prospective study included 100 eyes of 81 glaucoma patients undergoing MPTLT under retrobulbar anesthesia. All patients were asked to rate both types of pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS). The risk factors were explored using multivariable mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression. Results: The mean (SD) NRS pain score during the procedure was 3.57 (3.41) (range 0–10), which included no, mild, moderate, and severe pain in 30 (30%), 33 (33%), 17 (17%), and 20 (20%) eyes, respectively. The mean (SD) NRS score of overnight pain was 2.99 (2.28) (range 0–9), which included no, mild, moderate, and severe pain in 17 (17%), 59 (59%), 17 (17%), and 7 (7%) eyes, respectively. Twenty-seven (27%) eyes reported worse pain overnight than during the procedure. Increased age, initial intraocular pressure, and pain during the procedure were significantly associated with increased overnight pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Up to a fourth of eyes had worse pain after discharge. Older age, initial intraocular pressure, and pain during the procedure were risk factors for higher levels of overnight pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janrapee Sukkee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Taechajongjintana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Ratanawongphaibul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rath Itthipanichpong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anita Manassakorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Visanee Tantisevi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prin Rojanapongpun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansangpetch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Glaucoma, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Zapata LB, Nguyen A, Snyder E, Whiteman MK, Kapp N, Ti A, Curtis KM. Analgesics for intrauterine device placement. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9560477 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To examine the effectiveness of analgesics for routine intrauterine device (IUD) placement on patient (e.g. pain, side effects, satisfaction) and provider outcomes (e.g. ease of placement, need for adjunctive placement measures, placement success) compared with placebo or no treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren B Zapata
- Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Antoinette Nguyen
- Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Emily Snyder
- Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Maura K Whiteman
- Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Angeline Ti
- Wellstar Atlanta Medical CenterFamily Medicine Residency ProgramAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kathryn M Curtis
- Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Pain Management during Office Hysteroscopy: An Evidence-Based Approach. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081132. [PMID: 36013599 PMCID: PMC9416725 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hysteroscopy is a reliable technique which is highly useful for the evaluation and management of intrauterine pathology. Recently, the widespread nature of in-office procedures without the need for anesthesia has been requesting validation of practical approach in order to reduce procedure-related pain. In this regard, we performed a comprehensive review of literature regarding pain management in office hysteroscopic procedures. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), Global Health, Health Technology Assessment Database and Web of Science, other research registers (for example Clinical Trials database) were searched. We searched for all original articles regarding pain relief strategy during office hysteroscopy, without date restriction. Results have been collected and recommendations have been summarized according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool. Moreover, the strength of each recommendation was scored following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment (GRADE) system, in order to present the best available evidence. Results: Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for pain management are feasible and can be applied in office setting for hysteroscopic procedures. The selection of strategy should be modulated according to the characteristics of the patient and difficulty of the procedure. Conclusions: Accumulating evidence support the use of pharmacological and other pharmacological-free strategies for reducing pain during office hysteroscopy. Nevertheless, future research priorities should aim to identify the recommended approach (or combined approaches) according to the characteristics of the patient and difficulty of the procedure.
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Nweke NA, Anikwe CC, Ewah RL, Umeononihu OS, Eze JN. Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracervical block versus conscious sedation in the surgical evacuation of the uterus following first-trimester incomplete miscarriages: A randomised controlled trial. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221113227. [PMID: 35910816 PMCID: PMC9326839 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of paracervical block and conscious sedation in the surgical evacuation of the uterus following a first-trimester miscarriage. Methods: This is an open-label, randomised control trial comparing pain relief by paracervical block versus conscious sedation during manual vacuum aspiration of first-trimester incomplete miscarriages. One-hundred and sixty-two women were equally randomised into two groups. Group A (paracervical group) received a paracervical block of 4 ml of lidocaine each at the 4 and 8 o’clock positions. Group B (conscious sedation group) received intravenous 30 mg pentazocine and 10 mg diazepam. Data obtained were presented using a frequency table, student t-test, chi-square and Mann–Whitney test and bar chart. A P-value of ⩽0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. Results: The mean pain score was lower in the paracervical block group compared to the conscious sedation group (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in women’s satisfaction between the groups (P ⩾ 0.05). Conscious sedation had more negative side effects compared to paracervical block which was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Paracervical block has better pain control compared with conscious sedation and has a good side effect profile. Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (registered trial no. PACTR202108841661192). Synopsis Paracervical block for manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) during first-trimester miscarriage is associated with less pain among women compared with conscious sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna A Nweke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Chidebe Christian Anikwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Richard L Ewah
- Department of Anaesthesia, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Osita S Umeononihu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Justus N Eze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Zapata LB, Nguyen A, Snyder E, Kapp N, Ti A, Whiteman MK, Curtis KM. Misoprostol for intrauterine device placement. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Zapata
- Division of Reproductive Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Antoinette Nguyen
- Division of Reproductive Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Emily Snyder
- Division of Reproductive Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Nathalie Kapp
- International Planned Parenthood Federation; London UK
| | - Angeline Ti
- Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center; Family Medicine Residency Program; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Maura K Whiteman
- Division of Reproductive Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Kathryn M Curtis
- Division of Reproductive Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia USA
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Loomis BR, Yee LM, Hayes L, Badreldin N. Nurses' Perspectives on Postpartum Pain Management. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:318-325. [PMID: 35415715 PMCID: PMC8994431 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There is variation in postpartum opioid use by prescriber characteristics that cannot be explained by patient or birth factors. Thus, our objective was to evaluate nursing training, clinical practices, and perspectives on opioid use for postpartum pain management. Materials and Methods: In this survey study, postpartum bedside nurses at a single, large academic center were asked about training, factors influencing clinical decisions, and viewpoints regarding pain management and opioid use. Findings were summarized using descriptive analyses. Results: A total of 92 nurses completed the survey. A majority (77%) reported having received some formal training on opioid use for pain management. About a quarter (25.7%) felt their training was not adequate. Regarding clinical practices, the majority (71% and 70%, respectively) reported that “routine habit” and “patient preference” most influenced the type and amount of pain medication they administered. Finally, nurses' perspectives on pain management demonstrated a wide range of beliefs. Most nurses strongly agreed with the importance of maximizing nonopioid pain medication before opioid administration. The majority agreed that patient-reported pain score is important to consider when deciding to administer opioids. Conversely, most nurses disagreed that patients should be encouraged to endure as much pain as possible before using an opioid. Similarly, beliefs about the reliability of use of vital signs in assessing pain intensity varied widely. Conclusions: Bedside nurses rely on routine habits, patient preference, and patient-reported pain score when administering opioids for postpartum pain management. Increased training opportunities to improve consistency and standardization of opioid administration may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Loomis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lynn M. Yee
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren Hayes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nevert Badreldin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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de Oliveira ECF, Baêta T, Brant APC, Silva-Filho A, Rocha ALL. Use of naproxen versus intracervical block for pain control during the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system insertion in young women: a multivariate analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34715839 PMCID: PMC8556879 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the effectiveness of 550 mg naproxen sodium versus 6 mL 2%-lidocaine intracervical block in pain lowering at the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) placement in young women. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 100 women aged 15–24 years were block-randomized to receive either 6 mL 2%-lidocaine intracervical block 5 min before the LNG-IUS insertion or 550 mg naproxen 30 min before the procedure. Forty-nine women received 550 mg naproxen and 51 received intracervical block. The primary outcome was pain at LNG-IUS insertion. Secondary outcomes were ease of insertion, insertion failures, and correct IUS positioning. Neither participants nor doctors were blinded. Pain at insertion was assessed by using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results Women randomized to lidocaine intracervical block presented lower mean pain score at insertion, when compared to women who received naproxen (5.4 vs. 7.3, respectively; p < 0.001). Parous women had a 90.1% lower chance of experiencing severe pain (p = 0.004). There was a 49.8% reduction in the chance of severe pain for every 1-cm increase in the hysterometry (p = 0.002). The only complication observed during insertion was vasovagal-like reactions (7%). The insertion was performed without difficulty in 82% of the women. Participants in the intracervical block group presented higher proportion of malpositioned IUS on transvaginal ultrasound examination compared to women in naproxen group. Nevertheless, all the malpositioned IUS were inserted by resident physicians. Conclusion Lidocaine intracervical block was found to be more effective than naproxen in reducing LNG-IUS insertion pain. Trial registration number: RBR-68mmbp, Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, Retrospectively registered (August 4, 2020), URL of trial registry record: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-68mmbp/.
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Kaiyrlykyzy A, Linkov F, Foster F, Bapayeva G, Ukybassova T, Aimagambetova G, Kenbayeva K, Ibrayimov B, Lyasova A, Terzic M. Pipelle endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding: do patient's pain and anxiety really impact on sampling success rate? BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:393. [PMID: 34772384 PMCID: PMC8588625 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pipelle endometrial biopsy is vital for the early diagnostics of endometrial pathology and is performed in outpatient setting in minimally invasive manner. One of the reported disadvantages of sampling with Pipelle curette is failure to collect enough tissue for histological analysis. The role of psychological factors such as anxiety and pain sensitivity in obtaining adequate samples is not well known. The study's objective was to explore whether there is relationship between severe pain, anxiety, and the rate of Pipelle failure. METHODS Study included 158 women with median age of 42 who underwent Pipelle endometrial biopsy at Clinical Academic Department of Women's Health of the University Medical Center (UMC), Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan with an abnormal uterine bleeding from June 2019 to April 2021. Women were asked to fill survey on pain, anxiety before, during and after the procedure. RESULTS 3.8%, 15.19% and 4.43% of women reported severe pain and 39.24%, 34.18% and 14.56% of women reported severe anxiety prior, during and after procedure, respectively. Women who experienced severe pain during procedure tend to be more anxious during procedure (p = 0.0001) and have higher number of sampling attempts (p = 0.0040). Pain level was higher among patients sampled by the junior OB/GYN specialist (p < 0.0001). We found no differences in Pipelle biopsy success rates in relationship to baseline, during and postprocedural pain and anxiety scores. CONCLUSION Anxiety during procedure performance was significantly associated with severe pain during the procedure but did not represent a key element for the success of Pipelle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiym Kaiyrlykyzy
- National Laboratory of Astana, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Street, 53, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Faina Linkov
- Department of Health Administration and Public Health, John G. Rangos, Sr. School of Health Sciences Duquesne University, 600 Grant St, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Faye Foster
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Zhanybek-Kerey Khans Street, 5/1, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gauri Bapayeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Turan Ave. 32, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Talshyn Ukybassova
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Turan Ave. 32, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Zhanybek-Kerey Khans Street, 5/1, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamila Kenbayeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Turan Ave. 32, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakytkali Ibrayimov
- Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, University Medical Center, Republican Diagnostic Center, 2 Syganaq Street, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Kazakhstan
| | - Alla Lyasova
- Pathology Bureau of Nur-Sultan City Administration, Zhansugirov Street, 1, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Milan Terzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Zhanybek-Kerey Khans Street, 5/1, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Turan Ave. 32, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Sridhar A, Shiliang Z, Woodson R, Kwan L. Non-pharmacological anxiety reduction with immersive virtual reality for first-trimester dilation and curettage: a pilot study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 25:480-483. [PMID: 33140989 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1836146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most women experience moderate to severe pain during first-trimester surgical termination of pregnancy despite the application of various analgesic techniques. Studies have shown that virtual reality (VR) is effective in reducing anxiety among a range of women in differing circumstances. Our study objectives were to assess the feasibility of using VR during first-trimester dilation and curettage under local anaesthesia and understand the effect of VR on procedure-related anxiety during first-trimester dilation and curettage. METHODS A pilot feasibility study was conducted in a convenience sample of 30 women (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group). Anxiety scores were recorded before, during and after the procedure. In-depth interviews were conducted after the procedure. RESULTS Participants reported that VR was either very effective (53%) or somewhat effective (40%) in relieving anxiety during and after the procedure. Eleven participants used the VR device for the entire procedure and four participants removed it during the procedure. The anxiety scores before the procedure were not significantly different between the groups. The intervention group had a median five point post-procedure decrease in anxiety score rated on a visual analogue scale, which was significantly different from that of the control group. Overall, participants had a positive experience but there were some technological frustrations. CONCLUSION Women undergoing dilation and curettage in the first trimester were able to use a VR device during the procedure. VR-induced distraction and relaxation helped to reduce anxiety in some participants both during and after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Sridhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhang Shiliang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Woodson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cimsir MT, Yildiz MS. Could the Valsalva manoeuvre be an alternative to the tenaculum for intrauterine device insertion? EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 26:503-506. [PMID: 34114522 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1934442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) could be an alternative to use of the tenaculum for intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. The aims were to establish whether VM could provide good patient comfort and enable the insertion to be performed successfully with adequate pain control in cases where the cervix could not be passed spontaneously. METHODS Women who attended the outpatient clinic of Alanya Education and Research Hospital between November 2017 and December 2020 for IUD insertion were randomly assigned to the VM (n = 52) or tenaculum (n = 55) group. Insertion in the latter group was carried out by grasping the cervix with a single-toothed tenaculum. In the VM group, no tenaculum was used to grasp the cervix; instead, the woman was asked to perform VM during insertion. RESULTS IUD insertion success rates were similar between the groups. Procedural anxiety scores were slightly higher in the tenaculum group. Pain scores measured during the procedure were significantly higher in the tenaculum group compared with the VM group. Severe pain was reported by 58.2% of women in the tenaculum group, whereas 57.7% of women in the VM group reported no pain. CONCLUSION In cases where an IUD cannot be passed through the cervical canal spontaneously, the procedure should be attempted using VM before using a tenaculum. The use of VM may lead to lower pain and anxiety levels as well as increased patient comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Tugba Cimsir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alanya Education and Research Hospital, Alanya, Turkey
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Abu-Zaid A, Alshahrani MS, Albezrah NA, Miski NT, Abuzaid M, Aboudi SA, Baredwan A, Almadhi N, Baradwan A, Alomar O, Salem H, A Al-Badawi I, Baradwan S. Vaginal dinoprostone versus placebo for pain relief during intrauterine device insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 26:357-366. [PMID: 33691549 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1891411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically and meta-analytically investigate the efficacy and safety of vaginal dinoprostone versus placebo in pain relief during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were screened till 1 October 2020. Only randomised placebo-controlled studies were included and assessed for risk of bias. Main outcomes included IUD insertion related pain, patient satisfaction, provider ease of IUD insertion, and side effects. Pooled outcomes were summarised as standardised mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Five studies were included, comprising 862 patients; equally 431 patients received vaginal dinoprostone and placebo. All studies showed an overall low risk of bias. When compared to placebo, dinoprostone significantly correlated with decreased pain at tenaculum placement (SMD = -0.79, 95% CI [-1.43, -0.16], p = 0.01), decreased pain at uterine sounding (SMD = -0.88, 95% CI [-1.54, -0.22], p = 0.009), decreased pain at IUD insertion (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.74, -0.61], p < 0.001), decreased need for additional analgesia (RR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.22, 0.53], p < 0.001), increased patient satisfaction (SMD = 1.41, 95% CI [0.62, 2.20], p < 0.001), and increased provider ease of IUD insertion (SMD = -1.17, 95% CI [-1.62, -0.73], p < 0.001). Fever was statistically significantly higher in dinoprostone versus placebo group (RR = 3.73, 95% CI [1.47, 9.44], p = 0.006). All other side effects-including nausea, vomiting, shivering, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, vasovagal attack, uterine perforation, and postprocedural bleeding-did not substantially differ between both groups. CONCLUSIONS This first ever meta-analysis advocates that dinoprostone compared with placebo is safe, effective, and yields favourable analgesic outcomes during IUD insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen A Albezrah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa T Miski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abuzaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A Aboudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Baredwan
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Almadhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HealthPlus Fertility and Women's Health Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Role of Oral Tramadol 50 mg in Reducing Pain During Colposcopy-Directed Cervical Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020; 24:206-210. [PMID: 32108122 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess safety and efficacy of 50-mg tramadol in reducing patient-perceived pain during colposcopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in the colposcopy unit of a tertiary referral hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from April 2018 to October 2018. Our primary outcome was pain during colposcopy-guided ectocervical punch biopsy. Our secondary outcomes were pain during speculum insertion, acetic acid application, Lugol iodine application, endocervical curettage (ECC), endocervical brushing, 10-minute postprocedure, and additional analgesia requirement. Pain was assessed using 10-cm visual analog scale. RESULTS One hundred fifty women were randomized into 2 groups: tramadol group (n = 75) received oral 50-mg tramadol tablets, and control group (n = 75) received placebo tablets. Both groups showed no significant difference in anticipated pain score (p = .56), pain scores during speculum insertion (p = .70), application of acetic acid (p = .40), and Lugol iodine (p = .79). However, the mean pain scores were significantly lower in tramadol group compared with placebo at ectocervical biopsy (p = .001), ECC (p = .001), endocervical brushing (p = .001), and 10 minutes after colposcopy (p = .001). Need for additional analgesia was significantly lower in tramadol group (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Oral tramadol 50 mg significantly reduces pain perception during colposcopy-guided ectocervical biopsy, ECC, endocervical brushing, and 10 minutes after colposcopy with tolerable adverse effects.
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Louwerse MD, Hehenkamp WJK, van Kesteren PJM, Lissenberg BI, Brölmann HAM, Huirne JAF. Electronic Continuous Pain Measurement vs Verbal Rating Scale in gynaecology: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:263-269. [PMID: 33254087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pain measured with a new electronic device - the Continuous Pain Score Meter (CPSM) - and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) during gynaecological procedures in an outpatient setting, and to correlate these outcomes with baseline anxiety and patient (in)tolerance to the procedure. STUDY DESIGN This prospective cohort study was undertaken in two centres: a university hospital and a large teaching hospital in The Netherlands. Patients undergoing an outpatient hysteroscopy, colposcopy or ovum pick-up procedure for in-vitro fertilization in one of the two participating hospitals with availability of the CPSM were included. Pain was measured by both the CPSM and the VRS. Patient tolerance to the procedure was reported. Various outcomes of the CPSM were compared with those of the VRS and related to baseline anxiety scores. RESULTS Ninety-one of 108 included patients (84 %) used the CPSM correctly during the procedure, and it was possible to analyse the CPSM scores for 87 women (81 %). The CPSM scores were all linearly related to the VRS. The peak pain score on the CPSM (CPSM-PPS) had the strongest correlation with the VRS score for all three procedures. Higher CPSM-PPS was related to patient (in)tolerance to the procedure (p = 0.03-0.002). Anxiety at baseline was not correlated with pain perception, except for VRS during colposcopy (r = 0.39, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION The majority of patients were able to use the CPSM correctly, resulting in detailed information on pain perception for each individual pain stimulus during three outpatient gynaecological procedures. The CPSM-PPS had the strongest correlation with the VRS score and patient (in)tolerance to the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjoleine D Louwerse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wouter J K Hehenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Birgit I Lissenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans A M Brölmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A F Huirne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Barel O, Preuss E, Stolovitch N, Weinberg S, Barzilay E, Pansky M. Addition of Lidocaine to the Distension Medium in Hysteroscopy Decreases Pain during the Procedure-A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 28:865-871. [PMID: 32798723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of adding a local anesthetic to the distension medium in office diagnostic hysteroscopy using the vaginoscopic approach on pain during the procedure. Secondary aims included documenting side effects, patient satisfaction, and the time needed to complete the procedure. DESIGN Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital; office hysteroscopy clinic. PATIENTS Total of 100 patients who underwent office hysteroscopies divided in half with 50 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. INTERVENTIONS Ten mL of lidocaine 2% added to 1000 mL of saline solution that was used as the distension medium for hysteroscopy in the study group vs 1000 mL of saline alone in the control group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A significant difference was found in the increment of pain as measured by visual analog scale after the hysteroscopy between the 2 groups. Patients receiving lidocaine had an average rise of 1.9 in the visual analog scale score after the procedure compared with 2.9 in the control group (p = .033). There was also a nonsignificant trend for shorter duration of hysteroscopy in the intervention group compared with the control group (180.1 vs 222.1 seconds, p = .08). Patients' satisfaction was high in both groups (98% for the study group and 92% for the control group). Success rates were also similar between the 2 groups at approximately 95%. No side effects were recorded in either group. CONCLUSION The addition of local anesthetic to the distension medium in office hysteroscopy produces significant reduction in pain during the procedure without adding time to the procedure and without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Barel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)..
| | - Elad Preuss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)
| | - Natan Stolovitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)
| | - Shiri Weinberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)
| | - Eran Barzilay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)
| | - Moty Pansky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel (all authors)
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Effect of self-administered vaginal dinoprostone on pain perception during copper intrauterine device insertion in parous women: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:861-868. [PMID: 32732105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To assess efficacy and safety of self-administered 3 mg dinoprostone vaginally in reducing pain during copper intrauterine device (IUD) insertion in parous women. DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Family planning clinic in a tertiary referral hospital. PATIENT(S) Multiparous women who were attending a family planning clinic and requesting copper IUD insertion. INTERVENTIONS(S) We randomly assigned 160 participants into two groups: The dinoprostone group (n = 80) received 3 mg dinoprostone vaginally, and the placebo group (n = 80) received placebo vaginally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Our primary outcome was mean pain scores during IUD insertion. Our secondary outcomes were mean pain scores during tenaculum application, during uterine sounding, and 15 minutes after insertion, ease of insertion, satisfaction score, need for additional analgesics, and side-effects. RESULT(S) Both groups showed no significant difference in anticipated pain score (P=.41), pain during tenaculum placement (P=.22), and pain during sound insertion (P=.07). The dinoprostone group had significantly lower pain scores during IUD insertion (34.8 ± 10.1 vs. 57.8 ± 11.8) and 15 minutes after insertion (20.6 ± 6.4 vs. 29.6 ± 6.2), easier IUD insertion (43.6 ± 21.9 vs. 64.7 ± 18.1), and higher satisfaction (83.9 ± 11.6 vs. 63.0 ± 9.1) compared with the placebo group. Fewer patients required additional analgesics in the dinoprostone group compared with the placebo group (P=.01). Side-effects were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION(S) Self-administered 3 mg dinoprostone vaginally before copper IUD insertion in parous women reduces pain scores during IUD insertion, making insertion easier and increasing women's satisfaction, with tolerable side-effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04046302.
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Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream Compared With Injected Lidocaine for Vulvar Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135:311-318. [PMID: 31923074 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pain control during vulvar biopsy after either application of 5% lidocaine-prilocaine cream or injection of 1% lidocaine. METHODS In a single-site randomized trial, patients who needed vulvar biopsy on a non-hair-bearing surface were recruited from a gynecologic oncology clinic to compare lidocaine-prilocaine cream (placed at least 10 minutes before biopsy) with lidocaine injection (at least 1 minute prior). A sample size of 53 participants in each arm (N=106) was planned. Pain was recorded using a 100 mm visual analog scale at three time points: baseline, after application of anesthesia, and after biopsy. The primary outcome was highest pain score recorded. Secondary outcomes were pain score at biopsy, patient experience, and tolerability and acceptability. Linear regression was used to compare the primary outcome between arms while controlling for baseline vulvar pain. A convenience analysis was performed in March 2019. RESULTS From October 2018 to March 2019, 38 patients completed informed consent and were randomized. Participants were women with median age of 60 years. Most characteristics between groups were similar. Nineteen were analyzed in the lidocaine-prilocaine group, and 18 were analyzed in the lidocaine injection group. The median highest pain score in the lidocaine-prilocaine group was 20.0 mm vs 56.5 mm in the lidocaine injection group. Controlling for baseline pain, the highest pain score in the lidocaine-prilocaine arm was 25.7 mm lower than in the lidocaine injection arm (95% CI [-45.1 to -6.3]; P<.01). Patients randomized to lidocaine-prilocaine had a significantly better experience than those receiving injected lidocaine (median experience score 2.0 mm vs 17.0 mm; P=.02). CONCLUSION Lidocaine-prilocaine cream before vulvar biopsy resulted in a lower maximum pain score and a significantly better patient rating of the biopsy experience when compared with lidocaine injection. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream, alone, is a reasonable option to use for vulvar biopsy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03654417.
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Yang Z, Yin Q, Li X. Influences of UGT2B7 rs7439366 and rs12233719 Polymorphisms on Fentanyl Sensitivity in Chinese Gynecologic Patients. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924153. [PMID: 32401749 PMCID: PMC7245057 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study discussed potential influences of UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7 (UGT2B7) rs7439366 and rs12233719 polymorphisms on fentanyl sensitivity among Chinese gynecologic patients. Material/Methods UGT2B7 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Before surgery, baseline latency to pain perception (PPLpre) and pain perception latency of the dominant hand (PPLpost) at 3 minutes after injecting fentanyl were measured by cold pressor-induced pain test. Perioperative fentanyl adoption referred to the total of fentanyl administration during and after operation. Intensity of spontaneous pain was appraised adopting 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Factorial analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results Significant differences of PPLpost (CC/CT/TT, P=0.038) and preoperative analgesic effect (CC/CT/TT, P=0.028) were discovered between the rs7439366 genotypes. PPLpost was significantly different between the CT and TT groups (P=0.009) and the CC+CT and TT groups (P=0.026). Preoperative analgesic effect was significantly different between the CT and TT groups (P=0.007) and the CC+CT and TT groups (P=0.009). All of the clinical features studied had no close association with rs12233719 SNP. Conclusions Gynecologic patients with rs7439366 TT genotype had significantly lower fentanyl sensitivity than the other 2 genotype carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Yang
- The Pain Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Qingfeng Yin
- Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Transformation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institutes of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland).,Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
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Samy A, Abdelhakim AM, Latif D, Hamza M, Osman OM, Metwally AA. Benefits of vaginal dinoprostone administration prior to levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system insertion in women delivered only by elective cesarean section: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:1463-1471. [PMID: 32314015 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone 3 mg vaginally prior to levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) insertion in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery (CD). METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial at family planning clinic of Cairo University hospitals from August 2019 to January 2020. We included 200 women aged ≥ 18 years who previously delivered by elective CD willing to receive LNG-IUS. Women were randomly assigned with a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive 3 mg vaginal dinoprostone or placebo tablets two hours before LNG-IUS insertion. Our main outcomes were patient-reported pain during insertion and 30 min post-procedure, ease of insertion, satisfaction, duration of insertion, and different side effects. RESULTS Patient-perceived pain during LNG-IUS insertion was significantly reduced in dinoprostone compared to placebo (4.1 ± 1.7 vs 6.4 ± 1.3; p < 0.001). Dinoprostone reduced pain scores 30 min post-procedure compared to placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant (3.5 ± 1.1 vs 3.7 ± 1.6; p = 0.25). Satisfaction score was higher in dinoprostone compared to placebo (7.9 ± 1.0 vs 5.9 ± 0.8; p < 0.001). The insertion was significantly easier and shorter in dinoprostone than placebo (3.9 ± 1.1 vs 5.9 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) and (5.6 ± 0.9 vs 7.2 ± 0.8; p < 0.001), respectively. Adverse events were not significantly different between both groups. CONCLUSION Dinoprostone administration 2 h before LNG-IUS insertion in women delivered by elective CD effectively reduced pain during insertion and 30 min post-procedure. Women received dinoprostone had easier and shorter insertion and were more satisfied with tolerable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dina Latif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya M Osman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Metwally
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lambert T, Truong T, Gray B. Pain perception with cervical tenaculum placement during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 46:126-131. [PMID: 31666302 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 'Slow' and 'cough' techniques for tenaculum placement are commonly used. This trial sought to determine if one method of placement resulted in less pain for patients. METHODS This study was a randomised controlled trial of patients presenting for intrauterine device placement. Sixty-six participants were randomised to tenaculum placement via the 'slow' method (closure of tenaculum over a 5-s period) versus the 'cough' method (closure of tenaculum at the time of patient's cough). The primary outcome was pain at time of tenaculum placement measured on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. The study was powered to detect a 16 mm difference in pain. Secondary outcomes included pain with insertion and provider satisfaction with tenaculum grasp. Pain scores were analysed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Sixty-six women were enrolled, 33 randomised to each group. Demographics were similar in each group. The primary outcome of pain with tenaculum placement showed a median pain score of 44 (IQR=21, 63) with slow placement and 32 (IQR=19, 54) with cough placement. There was no significant difference in pain scores between methods of tenaculum placement (p=0.16). There was no significant difference in overall pain scores (p=0.12). Provider satisfaction was not associated with one method of placement (p=1). Pre-procedure anxiety was significantly associated with pain at the time of tenaculum placement (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Neither the slow method nor cough method is superior for pain reduction or provider satisfaction. Pain with tenaculum use is significantly associated with anxiety. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02969421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashima Lambert
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unity Health Care, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beverly Gray
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kapur S, Gruber A, Sekar H, Mafuta J, Lodhi W, Sivashanmugarajan V, Yoong W. Does temperature of distending medium matter in outpatient hysteroscopy? A double-blinded cohort control observational study of room temperature versus warmed saline. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:485-489. [PMID: 31991520 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is little data assessing outcomes of outpatient hysteroscopy using warmed versus room temperature saline. The aim of this study was to determine if the temperature of the distending medium during outpatient hysteroscopy affect ease of procedure, clarity of view, procedural discomfort/pain and patient satisfaction. METHODS This was a double-blinded cohort control quasi-randomized prospective study involving 100 women undergoing outpatient diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding, intrauterine contraceptive devices retrieval and removal of endometrial polyps. Outpatient hysteroscopy was performed either with normal saline either at room temperature (control at 25°C) or warmed to body temperature (37°C). RESULTS Confounding variables such as age, parity, previous cervical surgery, previous vaginal births, menopausal status and indications for hysteroscopy were similar in the room temperature (n = 48) and warmed saline (n = 52) groups. Mean procedure duration (256 vs 233 s), ease of entry (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] 9.55 vs 9.4) and the clarity of view (VAS 9.02 vs 9.3) were statistically similar in both groups (all P > 0.05) as was discomfort experienced during hysteroscopy (VAS 6.6/10 vs 6.8/10) and at 5 min post-procedure (VAS 4.2/10 vs 3.2/10) (both P > 0.05). The likelihood of recommending the procedure to a friend was similar in both groups (mean VAS 6.9/10 vs 7.2/10; P = 0.1). CONCLUSION The temperature of the distension medium did not influence ease of procedure, clarity of hysteroscopy view, procedural discomfort/pain and patient satisfaction. Patients were not any more likely to recommend the procedure to a friend in the warmed saline compared to the room temperature group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amelia Gruber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hasviniya Sekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joadel Mafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wasim Lodhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Wai Yoong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
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Amiri P, Mirghafourvand M, Esmaeilpour K, Kamalifard M, Ivanbagha R. The effect of distraction techniques on pain and stress during labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:534. [PMID: 31888543 PMCID: PMC6938000 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain control and the stress associated with labor and delivery are among the most important issues of health care system. Use of distraction techniques during childbirth is reported to reduce pain and stress of labor. However, there is a limited publication that looked on the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, length of delivery stages, first minute Apgar score and oxytocin consumption (secondary outcomes). Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA. Results The mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: − 0.8 to − 6.0; P = 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity during labor was less than in the intervention and control groups compare to the control group (6.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth score (AMD: 5.3; 95% CI: 13.0 to − 6.0; P = − 2.3). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the active phase of labor (P = 0.504), second stage of delivery (P = 0.928), total length of delivery (P = 0.520), Apgar score (P = 1.000) and frequency of oxytocin consumption (P = 0.622). Conclusion According to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies by using the distraction techniques are needed to reach a decisive conclusion. Trial registration IRCT2017042910324N39; Name of registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; Registered 11 September 2017. URL of registry: https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/10814/view. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Amiri
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mahin Kamalifard
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Ivanbagha
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Khlkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
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Nguyen L, Lamarche L, Lennox R, Ramdyal A, Patel T, Black M, Mangin D. Strategies to Mitigate Anxiety and Pain in Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 42:1138-1146.e2. [PMID: 31882291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One barrier to the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) as a contraceptive method is the experience of anxiety and pain during the insertion procedure. Previous reviews have focused on pharmacological methods used to relieve pain during IUD insertion; however, few similar reviews have examined non-pharmacological methods to relieve pain or strategies to reduce anxiety. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize strategies for reducing anxiety and pain with respect to IUD insertion and the ways in which anxiety and pain were assessed. In particular, the study aimed to identify non-pharmacological interventions and studies that included anxiety as a research outcome. A literature search was conducted of all English-language studies between inception and the week of July 29, 2018 from the following online databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The search revealed 426 studies after removal of duplicates, 35 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 29 studies were identified as assessing pharmacological interventions for the management of pain, and six studies assessed non-pharmacological interventions. Only one study included a measurement of patient anxiety during the procedure as an outcome measure. Research on non-pharmacological interventions for the management of anxiety and pain during IUD insertion is lacking. This review found that evidence for the studied pharmacological interventions is conflicting, and there is very little evidence on understanding the effectiveness of strategies to manage anxiety during the IUD insertion procedure. Further high-quality research on non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Larkin Lamarche
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.
| | - Robin Lennox
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Amanda Ramdyal
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Tejal Patel
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Morgan Black
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Dee Mangin
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
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Callahan DG, Garabedian LF, Harney KF, DiVasta AD. Will it Hurt? The Intrauterine Device Insertion Experience and Long-Term Acceptability Among Adolescents and Young Women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:615-621. [PMID: 31401254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine how the intrauterine device (IUD) insertion experience affects long-term IUD acceptability among adolescents. DESIGN Text to Web survey study. SETTING Boston Children's Hospital and Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nulliparous adolescents aged 13-21 years who received an IUD or etonogestrel implant between January 2012 and May 2018. RESULTS We received survey responses from 95 adolescents (n = 46 IUD; n = 49 implant; response rate = 95/1098 (9%)). Mean current age (20.8 years) and time since device insertion (2.4 years) were similar between groups. Although a large proportion of both groups (64%) experienced moderate to severe preprocedural anxiety, IUD users expected more insertional pain compared with implant users (55.6 vs 39.6; P = .01). Compared with implant users, more IUD users experienced moderate to severe insertional pain (80% vs 18%; P < .0001), recalled that the procedure hurt more than expected (52% vs 4%; P < .0001), and endorsed lower rates of pain management satisfaction (72.4 vs 85.6; P = .04). Most respondents would recommend their method to a friend (75%) or consider getting the same device in the future (63%). When explicitly asked, more IUD users reported that dislike of the insertion procedure might or would probably prevent them from getting the same device in the future (41% vs 14%; P = .005). CONCLUSION Compared with implant users, IUD users reported more negative insertion experiences, although preprocedural anxiety was prevalent in both groups. Dislike of the insertion experience might negatively affect adolescents' willingness to continue using an IUD in the future. Findings should encourage multimodal interventions to holistically improve the IUD insertion experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana G Callahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura F Garabedian
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen F Harney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy D DiVasta
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Frank E, Carlson B, Hu A, Randall DR, Tamares S, Inman JC, Crawley BK. Assessment and Treatment of Pain during In-Office Otolaryngology Procedures: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 161:218-226. [PMID: 30885070 DOI: 10.1177/0194599819835503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualitatively assess practices of periprocedural pain assessment and control and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for pain during in-office procedures reported in the otolaryngology literature through a systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science searches from inception to 2018. REVIEW METHODS English-language studies reporting qualitative or quantitative data for periprocedural pain assessment in adult patients undergoing in-office otolaryngology procedures were included. Risk of bias was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias or Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools as appropriate. Two reviewers screened all articles. Bias was assessed by 3 reviewers. RESULTS Eighty-six studies describing 32 types of procedures met inclusion criteria. Study quality and risk of bias ranged from good to serious but did not affect assessed outcomes. Validated methods of pain assessment were used by only 45% of studies. The most commonly used pain assessment was patient tolerance, or ability to simply complete a procedure. Only 5.8% of studies elicited patients' baseline pain levels prior to procedures, and a qualitative assessment of pain was done in merely 3.5%. Eleven unique pain control regimens were described in the literature, with 8% of studies failing to report method of pain control. CONCLUSION Many reports of measures and management of pain for in-office procedures exist but few employ validated measures, few are standardized, and current data do not support any specific pain control measures over others. Significant opportunity remains to investigate methods for improving patient pain and tolerance of in-office procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Frank
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Bradley Carlson
- 2 School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Amanda Hu
- 3 Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Derrick R Randall
- 4 Section of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shanalee Tamares
- 5 University Libraries, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jared C Inman
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Brianna K Crawley
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Turok DK, Simmons RG, Cappiello B, Gawron LM, Saviers-Steiger J, Sanders JN. Use of a novel suction cervical retractor for intrauterine device insertion: a pilot feasibility trial. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2018; 45:bmjsrh-2017-200031. [PMID: 30396906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Bioceptive suction cervical retractor (SCR) is a novel device that can replace the standard single-tooth tenaculum to place traction on the cervix. A feasibility trial was conducted on the device for intrauterine device (IUD) placement. METHODS Our three-stage feasibility process began with Stage 1, where the device was tested on in-vitro and ex-vivo samples. In Stage 2, 10 women received their IUD using the device. In Stage 3, a feasibility trial, we randomly assigned 25 consenting women to receive their IUD using either the Bioceptive SCR or the standard single-tooth tenaculum. In Stages 2 and 3, we collected pain scores using an electronically adapted 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) at eight timepoints during and after the insertion procedure, as well as satisfaction and acceptability measures. The primary outcome was the pain score after attaching the SCR or tenaculum (VAS 3). Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared pain scores between devices. RESULTS In Stage 2, pain scores with the SCR were lower than historical controls with the single-tooth tenaculum. In Stage 3, the median VAS 3 pain scores were 31 and 57 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The differences in pain scores were not statistically significant but the trend was to lower pain scores with the intervention. Reported patient satisfaction with the SCR device was 80% in Stage 2% and 90% in Stage 3. CONCLUSIONS The Bioceptive SCR has potential as an atraumatic alternative to standard cervical retractor devices for gynaecological procedures. These findings can guide point estimates for future clinical studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02283463.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Turok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca G Simmons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin Cappiello
- Bioceptive, Inc, New Orleans BioInnovation Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lori M Gawron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jane Saviers-Steiger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica N Sanders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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New EP, Sarkar P, Sappenfield E, Mikhail E, Plosker S, Imudia AN. Comparison of patients' reported pain following office hysteroscopy with and without endometrial biopsy: a prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:710-715. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Ali MK, Abbas AM, Abdalmageed OS, Farghaly TA, Yosef AH. Classic versus uterine sound-sparing approach for insertion of copper T380A intrauterine device: A randomized clinical trial. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Allen RH. Pain and pain relief with intrauterine device insertion. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE 2017; 42:239-240. [PMID: 29175840 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2016-101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Allen
- Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Mak N, Reinders IMA, Slockers SA, Westen EHMN, Maas JWM, Bongers MY. The effect of music in gynaecological office procedures on pain, anxiety and satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:14. [PMID: 28890676 PMCID: PMC5570770 DOI: 10.1186/s10397-017-1016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Pain can interfere with office procedures in gynaecology. The aim of this study is to measure the positive effect of music in gynaecological office procedures. Methods A randomized controlled trial was performed between October 2014 and January 2016. Women scheduled for an office hysteroscopy or colposcopy were eligible for randomization in the music group or control group. Stratification for hysteroscopy and colposcopy took place. The primary outcome is patients’ level of pain during the procedure measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes include patients’ level of pain after the procedure, anxiety and satisfaction of patient and doctor. Results No positive effect of music on patients’ perception of pain during the procedure was measured, neither for the hysteroscopy group (57 mm vs. 52 mm) nor for the colposcopy group (32 mm vs. 32 mm). Secondary outcomes were also similar for both groups. Conclusions This study showed no positive effect of music on patients’ level of pain, anxiety or satisfaction of patient or doctor for office hysteroscopy and colposcopy. We believe a multimodal approach has to be used to decrease patient distress in terms of pain and anxiety, with or without music. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register, NTR4924
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - I M A Reinders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S A Slockers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E H M N Westen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rode Kruis Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J W M Maas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Y Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bettahar K, Pinton A, Boisramé T, Cavillon V, Wylomanski S, Nisand I, Hassoun D. Interruption volontaire de grossesse par voie médicamenteuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45:1490-1514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gao W, Sha B, Zhao Y, Fan Z, Liu L, Shen X. Comparison of simultaneous and sequential administration of fentanyl-propofol for surgical abortion: a randomized single-blinded controlled trial. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1045-1050. [PMID: 27707001 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1239106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propofol lipid emulsion (PLE) is a nanosized sedative, and it is used with a combination of salted antalgic prodrug, fentanyl citrate (FC). To illustrate the synergistic effect of mixing, we compared the sedation/analgesia resulting from simultaneous and sequential administration in surgically induced abortion (No. ChiCTR-IPC-15006153). Simultaneous group showed lower bispectral index, blood pressure, and heart rate, when cannula was inserted into the uterus. It also showed less frequency of hypertension, sinus tachycardia, movement, pain at the injection site, and additional FC. Therefore, premixing of PLE and FC enhanced the sedation and analgesia; stabilized the hemodynamics; lessened the incidence of movement and injection pain; and reduced the requirement of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Baoyong Sha
- b School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Zhe Fan
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xin Shen
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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