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Kirschnick LB, Calderipe CB, Villa A, Santana Dos Santos E, Migliorati C, Martins MD, Santos-Silva AR. Patient communication protocols for sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:990-1001. [PMID: 38375918 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a systematic review of post-test communication protocols and observational studies regarding counseling for a positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) result and also discuss the role of dental specialist (e.g., oral medicine) in this sense. METHODS AND RESULTS The search process followed the parameters of PRISMA 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and LILACS were consulted with a specific search strategy for each one. Additionally, the references of the included studies, grey literature, and experts were consulted. Four protocols and 18 observational studies were included in this systematic review, published between 1997 and 2022 in the Americas and Europe. The communication protocols emphasized the importance of conducting personal and private discussions with patients to address their fears and questions. Among the observational studies, 56% indicated that post-test counseling was either ineffective or absent. Furthermore, 22% of the studies used telephone communication to deliver results to patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the communication process of a positive STI result affects the patients in several aspects, as treatment adherence and their relationship with the community. Nevertheless, this process of STI post-test communication seems to be flawed, which brings potential negative effects to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borges Kirschnick
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Barcellos Calderipe
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and Dentistry, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Erison Santana Dos Santos
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Migliorati
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Scally E, Watts CG, Nugent C, Houghton R. A nurse-led approach to urgent results management at Sydney Sexual Health Centre demonstrates benefits to client outcomes and cost savings: a time efficiency and health system cost analysis. Sex Health 2024; 21:NULL. [PMID: 38071757 DOI: 10.1071/sh22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timely provision of test results to facilitate early access to treatment is an essential component of sexually transmissible infection (STI) control and contributes to a significant proportion of the workload at sexual health services. We aimed to estimate the time to deliver client results and treatment as well as the health system costs of the nurse-led urgent results management model at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) compared to an alternative 'ordering clinician' model. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of urgent results managed by the results nurse over 2weeks in 2019 and an observational study over 2weeks in 2021, where 10 clinicians managed five of their own urgent results. Additional activity data were gathered to determine the annual health system costs for both models. RESULTS In the nurse-led model 211 of 280 clients required notification; 156 (73.9%) were notified on the day their results became available, and the median time to treatment (n =137) was 1day. The annual health system cost for the nurse-led model was A$3922143. In the ordering clinician model, 17 (42.5%) clients were notified on the same day, and of the 27 clients treated at SSHC, the median time to treatment increased to 4days. The annual health system cost for the ordering clinician model was A$4043667.28 compared with the nurse-led model, and an additional 33.3h per week of clinician time was required for the same level of service provision. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the strengths of the nurse-led results model at SSHC, demonstrating improved client outcomes for STI notification and treatment times and health systems savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scally
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C G Watts
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Nugent
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Houghton
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Charron J, Troude P, de La Rochebrochard E, Segouin C, Piron P. Notification of STI test results by text messaging: Why do patients refuse? Cross-sectional study in a Parisian sexual health centre. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 33:257-264. [PMID: 34886724 DOI: 10.1177/09564624211048555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Text messaging has been used to notify patients of results after sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. This study aimed to characterise the population who refused notification of results by short message services (SMS) and to explore their reasons for refusing. From January to August 2018, 1180 patients coming for STI testing in a Parisian sexual health centre were offered SMS notification of their results, completed a self-administered questionnaire and were included in the study. Factors associated with refusal of SMS notification were explored using logistic regression models. Reasons for refusal were analysed following a qualitative content analysis methodology. In the study population, 7.3% [95% CI 5.8-8.8] of patients refused SMS notification. In the multivariate logistic regression model, male gender and older age were associated with refusal, as were non-French nationality, having forgone health care for economic reasons and being unemployed. Qualitative analysis showed that preferring face-to-face medical contact (32%) and anxiety about the test result (29%) were the main reasons given by patients for refusal. Socially disadvantaged patients may have more limited access to technology and be less at ease using it in a health context. Preference for face-to-face medical contact may reflect the need for human support in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Charron
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France.,CEGIDD, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Troude
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), Aubervilliers, France
| | - Elise de La Rochebrochard
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), Aubervilliers, France.,UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Segouin
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France.,CEGIDD, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Prescillia Piron
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France.,CEGIDD, University Hospital Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, 26930AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Godongwana M, Chewparsad J, Lebina L, Golub J, Martinson N, Jarrett BA. Ethical Implications of eHealth Tools for Delivering STI/HIV Laboratory Results and Partner Notifications. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 18:237-246. [PMID: 33772406 PMCID: PMC8057984 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review eHealth tools are increasingly utilized for communication with patients. Although efficacious and cost-effective, these tools face several barriers that challenge their ethical use in sexual health. We reviewed literature from the past decade to pick illustrative studies of eHealth tools that deliver results of laboratory tests for sexually transmitted infections, including the human immunodeficiency virus, as well as partner notifications. We describe ethical implications for such technologies. Recent Findings Our review found that despite widespread research on the use of eHealth tools in delivering laboratory results and partner notifications, these studies rarely measured or reported on the ethical implications. Such implications can be organized according to the four major principles in bioethics: beneficence, patient autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice. The beneficence of eHealth typically measures efficacy in comparison to existing standards of care. Patient autonomy includes the ability to opt in or out of eHealth tools, right-based principles of consent, and sovereignty over healthcare data. To adhere to the principle of non-maleficence, relevant harms must be identified and measured—such as unintentional disclosure of illness, sexual orientation, or sexual activity. Justice must also be considered to accommodate all users equally, irrespective of their literacy level, with easy-to-use platforms that provide clear messages. Summary Based on case studies from this review, we developed a list of recommendations for the ethical development and evaluation of eHealth platforms to deliver STI/HIV results to patients and notifications to partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motlatso Godongwana
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Programme in Demography and Population Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Juanita Chewparsad
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Golub
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Brooke A Jarrett
- Programme in Demography and Population Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rolland C, de La Rochebrochard E, Piron P, Shelly M, Segouin C, Troude P. Who fails to return within 30 days after being tested positive for HIV/STI in a free testing centre? BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:795. [PMID: 33109139 PMCID: PMC7590592 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients who test positive for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) fail to return for results and treatment. To target improvement actions, we need to find out who these patients are. This study aimed to explore factors associated with failure to return within 30 days (FTR30) after testing among patients with positive results in a free STI testing centre in Paris. Methods All patients with at least one positive result between October 2016 and May 2017 and who completed a self-administered questionnaire were included in this cross-sectional study (n = 214). The questionnaire included sociodemographic factors, sexual behaviour and history of testing. Factors associated with FTR30 were assessed using logistic regression models. Results More than two-thirds of patients were men (72%), and the median age of patients was 27 years. Most patients were born in metropolitan France (56%) or in sub-Saharan Africa (22%). Men who had sex with men represented 36% of the study population. The FTR30 rate was 14% (95% CI [10–19%]). In multivariate analysis, previous HIV testing in younger persons (aOR: 3.36, 95% CI [1.27–8.84]), being accompanied by another person at the pretest consultation (aOR: 3.45, 95% CI [1.36–8.91]), and lower self-perceived risk of HIV infection (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI [1.07–7.30]) were associated with a higher FTR30. Testing for chlamydia/gonorrhoea without presumptive treatment was associated with a lower FTR30 (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI [0.07–0.59]). Conclusions These factors that affect failure to return are related to the patient’s representations and involvement in the STI screening process. Increasing health literacy and patient empowerment could help to decrease failure to return after being tested positive for HIV/STI. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Rolland
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, F-75475, Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France. .,Free Sexual Health Centre, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Elise de La Rochebrochard
- Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (Ined), Aubervilliers, France.,University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Prescillia Piron
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, F-75475, Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France.,Free Sexual Health Centre, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Shelly
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, F-75475, Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France.,Free Sexual Health Centre, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Segouin
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, F-75475, Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France.,Free Sexual Health Centre, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Troude
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP, 200 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, F-75475, Paris Cedex 10, Paris, France.,Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (Ined), Aubervilliers, France
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Unutzer A, Dombrowski JC, Katz DA, Barbee LA, Golden MR, Khosropour CM. Evaluation of Text Message Reminders to Encourage Retesting for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Female Patients at the Municipal Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in Seattle, Washington. Sex Transm Dis 2020; 47:458-463. [PMID: 32541305 PMCID: PMC7301878 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND United States guidelines recommend retesting for chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) approximately 3 months after treatment, but adherence to these guidelines is poor. METHODS In May 2016, the municipal sexually transmitted disease (STD) Clinic in Seattle, WA, integrated opt-in short message system (SMS) (text message) retesting reminders for female patients into our clinic's routine electronic intake. Women were asked if they wanted to receive an SMS reminder for retesting for GC/CT in 3 months. We used Fisher exact tests to compare the proportion who returned to the clinic for retesting and the proportion who retested GC/CT positive 3 to 6 months after their initial diagnosis. We used sexually transmitted disease surveillance data to ascertain repeat GC/CT diagnoses. RESULTS From May 2016 to December 2017, 743 (36%) of 2067 women opted to receive an SMS reminder. Overall, 95 of these women tested positive for GC or CT and provided a valid phone number; 31 (33%) had opted into SMS reminders. The percentage of women who returned to the clinic 3 to 6 months after their initial GC/CT diagnosis did not significantly differ for women who did and did not opt in to receive SMS reminders (23% vs 9%; P = 0.11). Repeat GC/CT diagnosis 3 to 6 months after the initial GC/CT diagnosis was not significantly different between women who did and did not opt in (7% vs 3%; P = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS Uptake of automated SMS reminders among women was low, and most women who received reminders did not return for retesting. Despite this, SMS reminders integrated into an existing clinic infrastructure may somewhat increase retesting among women with GC/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Unutzer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia C. Dombrowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A. Katz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindley A. Barbee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew R. Golden
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- HIV/STD Program, Public Health – Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA, USA
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