1
|
Desai B, Kosambiya JK, Patel B, Barve A, Kumar A, Wells KJ. Knowledge about reproductive tract infections and sex work among female textile workers in Surat, India. Health Care Women Int 2019; 41:1182-1197. [PMID: 31084530 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1597873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this qualitative study, we investigated knowledge about reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and commercial sex work among female textile workers of Surat, India. We analyzed data from three focus groups conducted with 18 women using content analysis. Participants had some knowledge about the symptoms of RTIs; however, they had limited knowledge about RTI prevention, transmission, and treatment. None used condoms consistently for RTI prevention. The women attributed economic hardship as one of the main reasons for engaging in commercial sex work. Our study is one of the first to evaluate sexual and reproductive health among female textile workers in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binita Desai
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, India
| | | | - Bharat Patel
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, India
| | - Apurva Barve
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Division of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristen J Wells
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan S, Gambhir S, Luecke E, Jagannathan L. Impact of a workplace intervention on attitudes and practices related to gender equity in Bengaluru, India. Glob Public Health 2016; 11:1169-84. [PMID: 27002859 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2016.1156140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the evaluation of a participatory, garment factory-based intervention to promote gender equity. The intervention comprised four campaigns focused on gender and violence against women, alcoholism, sexual and reproductive health, and HIV/AIDS, which were implemented using information displays (standees and posters) and interactive methods (street play, one-to-one interactions, experience-sharing, and health camps). Each campaign lasted six days and the entire intervention was implemented over 10 months. We evaluated the intervention using a quasi-experimental design in which one factory served as the intervention site and a second as a delayed control. Two mobile-phone-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted at baseline and 12 months with separate systematic random samples of employees from each site. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge and attitudes related to gender equity, intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use were assessed, and differences in these variables associated with the intervention were examined using difference-in-difference estimation. Analyses of data from 835 respondents revealed substantial, statistically significant improvements in attitudes related to gender equity, unacceptability of IPV, and awareness of IPV and alcohol-related support services. In conclusion, our study offers compelling evidence on the effectiveness of workplace-based interventions in advancing gender equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Krishnan
- a Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International , San Francisco , CA , USA.,b St. John's Research Institute , Bengaluru , India
| | | | - Ellen Luecke
- a Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cordeira LS, Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gautam J, Wallace L, Stoddard AM, Gupta PC, Sorensen GC. Experiences recruiting Indian worksites for an integrated health protection and health promotion randomized control trial in Maharashtra, India. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2015; 30:412-421. [PMID: 25796269 PMCID: PMC4434951 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies utilized in the Mumbai Worksites Tobacco Control Study, a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of an integrated tobacco control and occupational safety and health program in Indian manufacturing worksites. From June 2012 to June 2013, 20 companies were recruited. Companies were identified using association lists, referrals, internet searches and visits to industrial areas. Four hundred eighty companies were contacted to validate information, introduce the study and seek an in-person meeting with a company representative. Eighty-three company representatives agreed to meet. Of those 83 companies, 55 agreed to a formal 'pitch meeting' with key decision makers at the company. Seventy-seven recruitment 'pitches' were given, including multiple meetings in the same companies. If the company was interested, we obtained a letter of participation and employee roster. Based on this experience, recommendations are made that can help inform future researchers and practitioners wishing to recruit Indian worksites. When compared with recruitment of US manufacturing worksites, recruitment of Indian worksites lacked current industrial lists of companies to serve as a sampling frame, and required more in-person visits, incentives for control companies and more assurances around confidentiality to allow occupational safety and health experts into their worksite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Shulman Cordeira
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - M S Pednekar
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - E M Nagler
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - J Gautam
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - L Wallace
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - A M Stoddard
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - P C Gupta
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - G C Sorensen
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulkader RS, Goswami K, Rai SK, Misra P, Kant S. HIV-Risk Behavior Among the Male Migrant Factory Workers in a North Indian City. Indian J Community Med 2015; 40:108-15. [PMID: 25861172 PMCID: PMC4389497 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.153874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male migrants act as a bridge for transmitting infection from core risk groups to general population and hence this group becomes essential for the HIV control program. Migrant workers constitute a large proportion of workforce in India and HIV/AIDS epidemic in them would cause huge economic losses. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to ascertain the HIV-risk behavior among male migrant factory workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional facility based survey conducted in 2011. Male migrant workers aged ≥18 years, who were born outside Haryana, who had moved to current location after 15 years of age, who had worked in the current factory for at least one year, who were willing to participate and able to give valid consent were eligible. A consecutive sampling was done. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done. RESULTS A total of 755 male subjects completed the interview. About 21.5% had experienced non-spousal sexual intercourse in last one year. Nearly 60% did not use a condom at the last non-spousal sex. Factors associated with recent non-spousal sex were being unmarried, younger age at migration, recent migration to Haryana, greater number of places migrated and lesser total duration of migration and those associated with non-use of condom at the last non-spousal sex were older age, lower education, lesser number of places migrated and lower level of HIV/AIDS knowledge. CONCLUSION Unprotected, recent non-spousal sex was common among male migrants, which could increase their HIV/AIDS vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Goswami
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anderson SJ, Cherutich P, Kilonzo N, Cremin I, Fecht D, Kimanga D, Harper M, Masha RL, Ngongo PB, Maina W, Dybul M, Hallett TB. Maximising the effect of combination HIV prevention through prioritisation of the people and places in greatest need: a modelling study. Lancet 2014; 384:249-56. [PMID: 25042235 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show substantial variation in the risk of HIV infection between communities within African countries. We hypothesised that focusing appropriate interventions on geographies and key populations at high risk of HIV infection could improve the effect of investments in the HIV response. METHODS With use of Kenya as a case study, we developed a mathematical model that described the spatiotemporal evolution of the HIV epidemic and that incorporated the demographic, behavioural, and programmatic differences across subnational units. Modelled interventions (male circumcision, behaviour change communication, early antiretoviral therapy, and pre-exposure prophylaxis) could be provided to different population groups according to their risk behaviours or their location. For a given national budget, we compared the effect of a uniform intervention strategy, in which the same complement of interventions is provided across the country, with a focused strategy that tailors the set of interventions and amount of resources allocated to the local epidemiological conditions. FINDINGS A uniformly distributed combination of HIV prevention interventions could reduce the total number of new HIV infections by 40% during a 15-year period. With no additional spending, this effect could be increased by 14% during the 15 years-almost 100,000 extra infections, and result in 33% fewer new HIV infections occurring every year by the end of the period if the focused approach is used to tailor resource allocation to reflect patterns in local epidemiology. The cumulative difference in new infections during the 15-year projection period depends on total budget and costs of interventions, and could be as great as 150,000 (a cumulative difference as great as 22%) under different assumptions about the unit costs of intervention. INTERPRETATION The focused approach achieves greater effect than the uniform approach despite exactly the same investment. Through prioritisation of the people and locations at greatest risk of infection, and adaption of the interventions to reflect the local epidemiological context, the focused approach could substantially increase the efficiency and effectiveness of investments in HIV prevention. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and UNAIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Anderson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter Cherutich
- National AIDS & STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ide Cremin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Davies Kimanga
- National AIDS & STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - William Maina
- National AIDS & STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Dybul
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Timothy B Hallett
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Babu GR, Mahapatra T, Mahapatra S, Detels R. Sexual behavior and job stress in software professionals, Bengaluru - India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2014; 17:58-65. [PMID: 24421592 PMCID: PMC3877448 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are now gradually affecting the general population groups increasingly. Our earlier observations from qualitative research called for an effort to understand the sexual exposure, activity and behavior of the workers in these software professionals in Bengaluru, India. Aim: The current study is explored to understand the association of the sexual behaviors with Job. Materials and Methods: The study design employed was a cross-sectional study using a mixed sampling method. A total of 1071 subjects from software sector in Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka completed the self-administered questionnaire. The source population comprised all information technology/information technology enabled services (IT/ITES) professionals aged 20-59 years working in “technical functions” in 21 selected worksites (units) of the software industry. The exposure of interest was job stressors and the outcome measures were sexual behaviors in the form of having multiple sexual partners, paid sex in last 3 months and frequency of intercourse with irregular sexual partners and condom use with regular partners during last sexual act. Results: Among the study population, 74.3% reported not using a condom during their last vaginal intercourse with their regular partner. Regression estimates indicated that workers with high physical stressors had 6 times odds of having paid for sex in last 3 months and those with a moderate level of income related stress had 2.4 times likelihood of not using a condom during the last sexual intercourse with their regular partner. Conclusion: There is scope for starting prevention programs among young professionals in the IT/ITES sector to mitigate their possible risk behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giridhara R Babu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H, Bangalore Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanmay Mahapatra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanchita Mahapatra
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger Detels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shaw SY, Lorway RR, Deering KN, Avery L, Mohan HL, Bhattacharjee P, Reza-Paul S, Isac S, Ramesh BM, Washington R, Moses S, Blanchard JF. Factors associated with sexual violence against men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals in Karnataka, India. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31705. [PMID: 22448214 PMCID: PMC3308942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is a lack of information on sexual violence (SV) among men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals (MSM-T) in southern India. As SV has been associated with HIV vulnerability, this study examined health related behaviours and practices associated with SV among MSM-T. Design Data were from cross-sectional surveys from four districts in Karnataka, India. Methods Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine factors related to SV. Multivariable negative binomial regression models examined the association between physician visits and SV. Results A total of 543 MSM-T were included in the study. Prevalence of SV was 18% in the past year. HIV prevalence among those reporting SV was 20%, compared to 12% among those not reporting SV (p = .104). In multivariable models, and among sex workers, those reporting SV were more likely to report anal sex with 5+ casual sex partners in the past week (AOR: 4.1; 95%CI: 1.2–14.3, p = .029). Increased physician visits among those reporting SV was reported only for those involved in sex work (ARR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1–2.7, p = .012). Conclusions These results demonstrate high levels of SV among MSM-T populations, highlighting the importance of integrating interventions to reduce violence as part of HIV prevention programs and health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souradet Y Shaw
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|