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Kanclerz P, Bazylczyk N, Przewłócka K, Khoramnia R, Atchison DA, Tuuminen R. Risk Factors for Corneal Monochromatic Aberrations and Implications for Multifocal and Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation. J Refract Surg 2024; 40:e420-e434. [PMID: 38848055 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20240416-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss factors influencing corneal aberrations that might influence the optical quality after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were the main resources used to search the medical literature. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant articles concerning factors influencing the level of corneal aberrations as of August 27, 2023. The following keywords were used in various combinations: corneal, aberrations, defocus, astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, intraocular lens, and IOL. RESULTS Conclusive evidence is lacking regarding the correlation between age and changes in corneal aberrations. Patients with astigmatism have greater corneal higher-order aberrations than those with minimal astigmatism, particularly concerning trefoil and coma. Increased levels of corneal higher-order aberrations are noted following contact lens wear, in patients with dry eye disease, and with pterygium. Increased higher-order aberrations have been reported following corneal refractive surgery and for 3 months following trabeculectomy; regarding intraocular lens surgery, the results remain controversial. CONCLUSIONS Several factors influence the level of corneal higher-order aberrations. Multifocal and extended depth-of-focus IOLs can share similarities in their optical properties, and the main difference arises in their design and performance with respect to spherical aberration. Preoperative evaluation is critical for proper IOL choice, particularly in corneas with risk of high levels of aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(6):e420-e434.].
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Velarde-Rodriguez G, Belda-Para C, Velasco-Ocaña M, Trujillo-Sevilla JM, Rodríguez-Martin J, Jiménez-Alfaro I, Rodriguez-Ramos JM, Alejandre-Alba N. Ultra-High Resolution Optical Aberrometry in Patients with Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1569-1582. [PMID: 36856979 PMCID: PMC10164210 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study performs optical aberration assessment in patients using a novel ultra-high-resolution device. The objective of this study is to analyze optical aberrations, especially the very high order wavefront (more than 10th order of Zernike coefficients), and compare between keratoconus and healthy patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 43 eyes from 25 healthy patients and 43 eyes from 27 patients with keratoconus using corneal tomography and a very high-resolution (8.55 µm) aberrometer prototype (T-eyede) outfitted with a sensor originally developed for use in the field of astrophysics. Corneal aberration values were assessed using an optical model built with Zemax optical software, while ocular aberrations were assessed using T-eyede. In addition, image-processing analysis was performed of the wavefront phase, creating a high-pass filter map. RESULTS We found lower values for ocular aberrations than corneal aberrations in both groups (p < 0.001). Specifically, we found a reduction in primary astigmatism (0.145 µm) and primary coma (0.017 µm). Also, the keratoconus group showed significantly higher wavefront aberration values compared with controls (p < 0.001). An analysis of the high-pass filter map revealed 2 contrasting results: one smooth or clear, while the other presented a banding pattern. Almost all in the control group (95%) showed the first pattern, while 77% of the keratoconus group showed a banding pattern on the filtered map (chi-squared test, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This device provides reliable, precise measurements of ocular aberrations that correlate well with corneal aberrations. Furthermore, the extraordinary high-resolution measurements revealed unprecedented micro changes in the wavefront phase of patients with keratoconus that varied with disease stage. These findings could lead to new screening or follow-up methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Belda-Para
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Miriam Velasco-Ocaña
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Li H, He W, Guo D, Fang Y, Meng J, Zhang K, Zhu X, Lu Y. Correction of Asymmetric Bowtie Corneal Astigmatism with a Toric Intraocular Lens: Outcomes and Accuracy of Measurement Modes. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030401. [PMID: 36983583 PMCID: PMC10057716 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in correcting asymmetric bowtie corneal astigmatism remain uncertain. The accurate measurement of corneal astigmatism is essential for surgical planning. In this prospective cohort study, patients with asymmetric or symmetric bowtie corneal astigmatism who underwent toric IOL implantation were recruited. Preoperative corneal astigmatism was measured with an IOLMaster and Pentacam (including the simulated keratometry (SimK), total corneal refractive power (TCRP), and wavefront aberration (WFA) modes). At 3 months after surgery, the refractive outcomes and residual astigmatic refractive errors were compared with patients with symmetric bowtie astigmatism. The prediction errors (the differences between the calculated actual corneal astigmatism and the measured corneal astigmatism) were compared among the different measurement modes in the asymmetric group. There were no differences in residual astigmatism between the asymmetric and symmetric groups. However, the mean absolute residual astigmatic refractive error was greater in the asymmetric group than in the symmetric group (0.72 ± 0.42 D vs. 0.53 ± 0.24 D, p = 0.043). In the asymmetric group, the mean absolute prediction errors for the IOLMaster, SimK, TCRP and WFA modes were 0.53 ± 0.40, 0.56 ± 0.47, 0.68 ± 0.52, and 0.43 ± 0.40 D, respectively. The Pentacam WFA mode was the most accurate mode (p < 0.05). The absolute prediction error of the WFA mode was positively correlated with the total corneal irregular astigmatism higher-order aberrations and coma (r = 0.416 and r = 0.473, respectively; both p < 0.05). Our study suggests toric IOL implantation effectively corrected asymmetric bowtie corneal astigmatism. The Pentacam WFA mode may be the most accurate measurement mode, although its accuracy decreased as asymmetry increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Donglin Guo
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Perumal S, Venkatramanan S, RJ V, T J, Adithya J, Abraham A, Cherian H. Clinical Evaluation of the 3nethra Aberro Handheld Autorefractometer. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2022; 17:536-542. [PMID: 36620713 PMCID: PMC9806310 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v17i4.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the 3nethra aberro auto refractometer device as an alternative tool for quick and reliable measurement of refractive errors and to compare it with the gold standard subjective refractive error measurement. Methods Refractive errors were measured using both subjective refraction and the 3nethra aberro handheld autorefractometer. The refractive measurements were converted into equivalent vector notations of spherical equivalent and Jackson cross-cylinder measurements J0 & J45. The resultant power vectors were compared with subjective measurements. Results This clinical study comprised 60 subjects (22 male and 38 female; with a mean age of 34 ± 16 years). Data, when compared with the subjective refraction measurements, resulted in 90% of power vectors values in both left and right eyes being the same in the 3nethra aberro handheld autorefractometer and the subjective measurement. The refractive error measurements also had an agreement of 70% and 90% when the range of diopter was between ± 0.25 and ± 0.5D, respectively. When the Bland-Altman's plot analysis was performed, about 98% of data lied within the ± 2 standard deviation variation. An average correlation between the two methods of error measurement was 0.74, and the paired t-test showed P > 0.05 for all the power vectors except for the spherical equivalent in the right eye. Conclusion The 90% agreement between the error measurements done by two methods indicates that the 3nethra aberro handheld autorefractometer can function as an alternative for the time-consuming subjective refractive error measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jayanthi T
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jai Adithya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjaly Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Henna Cherian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karkhanis MU, Ghosh C, Banerjee A, Hasan N, Likhite R, Ghosh T, Kim H, Mastrangelo CH. Correcting Presbyopia With Autofocusing Liquid-Lens Eyeglasses. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:390-400. [PMID: 34232861 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3094964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presbyopia, an age-related ocular disorder, is characterized by the loss in the accommodative abilities of the human eye. Conventional methods of correcting presbyopia divide the field of view, thereby resulting in significant vision impairment. We demonstrate the design, assembly and evaluation of autofocusing eyeglasses for restoration of accommodation without dividing the field of view. METHODS The adaptive optics eyeglasses comprise of two variable-focus liquid lenses, a time-of-flight range sensor and low-power, dual microprocessor control electronics, housed within an ergonomic frame. Subject-specific accommodation deficiency models were utilized to demonstrate high-fidelity accommodative correction. The abilities of this system to reduce accommodation deficiency, its power consumption, response time, optical performance and MTF were evaluated. RESULTS Average corrected accommodation deficiencies for 5 subjects ranged from -0.021 D to 0.016 D. Each accommodation correction calculation was performed in ∼67 ms which consumed 4.86 mJ of energy. The optical resolution of the system was 10.5 cycles/degree, and featured a restorative accommodative range of 4.3 D. This system was capable of running for up to 19 hours between charge cycles and weighed ∼132 g. CONCLUSION The design, assembly and performance of an autofocusing eyeglasses system to restore accommodation in presbyopes has been demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE The new autofocusing eyeglasses system presented in this article has the potential to restore pre-presbyopic levels of accommodation in subjects diagnosed with presbyopia.
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Hervella L, Villegas EA, Robles C, Artal P. Spherical Aberration Customization to Extend the Depth of Focus With a Clinical Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator. J Refract Surg 2021; 36:223-229. [PMID: 32267952 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20200212-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the VAO adaptive optics visual simulator (Voptica SL, Murcia, Spain) for customization of spherical aberration to increase depth of focus. METHODS Through-focus visual acuity with both high- and low-contrast letters from +1.00 to -3.00 diopters (D) was measured in 17 dilated eyes with three different induced amounts of spherical aberration for a 4.5-mm pupil diameter: control (0 µm), -0.15 µm, and -0.30 µm. RESULTS The defocus curves followed the same behavior with both values of contrast, but the visual acuity was 0.2 logMAR lower with low contrast. The mean values of high-contrast logMAR visual acuity at far, intermediate (67 cm), and near (40 cm) were -0.10, 0.11, and 0.37 for control, 0.04, 0.00, and 0.15 for -0.15 µm, and 0.23, 0.00, and 0.06 for -0.30 µm conditions. The 95% confidence interval ranged from ±0.14 to ±0.45 logMAR and the middle 50% of the distribution was approximately 0.2 logMAR. CONCLUSIONS Negative values of spherical aberration extend the depth of focus in different ways depending on each patient. The VAO is a new instrument that allows the visual customization of spherical aberration to enhance depth of focus. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(4):223-229.].
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Venkataraman AP, Sirak D, Brautaset R, Dominguez-Vicent A. Evaluation of the Performance of Algorithm-Based Methods for Subjective Refraction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103144. [PMID: 33003297 PMCID: PMC7599794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the performance of two subjective refraction measurement algorithms by comparing the refraction values, visual acuity, and the time taken by the algorithms with the standard subjective refraction (SSR). Methods: The SSR and two semi-automated algorithm-based subjective refraction (SR1 and SR2) in-built in the Vision-R 800 phoropter were performed in 68 subjects. In SR1 and SR2, the subject’s responses were recorded in the algorithm which continuously modified the spherical and cylindrical component accordingly. The main difference between SR1 and SR2 is the use of an initial fogging step in SR1. Results: The average difference and agreement limits intervals in the spherical equivalent between each refraction method were smaller than 0.25 D, and 2.00 D, respectively. For the cylindrical components, the average difference was almost zero and the agreement limits interval was less than 0.50 D. The visual acuities were not significantly different among the methods. The times taken for SR1 and SR2 were significantly shorter, and SR2 was on average was three times faster than SSR. Conclusions: The refraction values and the visual acuity obtained with the standard subjective refraction and algorithm-based methods were similar on average. The algorithm-based methods were significantly faster than the standard method.
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Macedo-de-Araújo RJ, Faria-Ribeiro M, McAlinden C, van der Worp E, González-Méijome JM. Optical Quality and Visual Performance for One Year in a Sample of Scleral Lens Wearers. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 97:775-789. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Castro-Luna G, Pérez-Rueda A. A predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:263. [PMID: 32615945 PMCID: PMC7331257 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease is necessary to initiate an early treatment of keratoconus. Furthermore, to avoid possible refractive surgery that could produce ectasias. This study aims to describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal corneas. Additionally to propose a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus based in binary logistic regression models. METHODS The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 205 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 early-stage keratoconus and 83 established keratoconus. The rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) analyzed the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables. It performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data. A diagnostic and predictive model of early-stage keratoconus was calculated with the statistically significant variables. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing normal corneas with early-stage keratoconus/ in variables of the vertical asymmetry to 90° and the central corneal thickness. The binary logistic regression model included the minimal corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90° and posterior coma to 90°. The model properly diagnosed 92% of cases with a sensitivity of 97.59%, specificity 98.78%, accuracy 98.18% and precision 98.78%. CONCLUSIONS The differential diagnosis between normal cases and subclinical keratoconus depends on the mínimum corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90° and the posterior coma to 90°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Castro-Luna
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, The University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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Montalt JC, Porcar E, España-Gregori E, Peris-Martínez C. Corneoscleral contact lenses for visual rehabilitation after keratoplasty surgery. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 43:589-594. [PMID: 32456950 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the use of corneoscleral lenses (CSL) in keratoconus patients who were unsatisfied with their visual outcomes after keratoplasty surgery. METHODS Eleven consecutive cases with unsatisfactory vision with spectacles, due to irregular astigmatism, preferred to try CSL before SL due to handling or economic issues. An eye examination included refraction and visual acuity assessment, anterior eye biomicroscopy, ocular fundus examination, corneal topographic analysis, endothelial-cell count (ECC) and evaluation of corneal biomechanical parameters (corneal resistance factor, CRF; corneal hysteresis, CH; corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, IOPcc). The fitting process was performed using a diagnostic fitting set. Subjective visual quality and comfort, and CSL usage time were also recorded. Patients were monitored for 1 year. RESULTS Two patients presented intolerance to CSL. Therefore, nine patients (6 males and 3 females; the mean±SD age, 44.56 ± 17.33 years, range 27-82) were fitted with CSL. The log MAR visual acuity of these eyes improved significantly with CSL in relation to the best spectacle-corrected vision (0.02 ± 0.06 vs 0.22 ± 0.15, respectively; p = 0.007). Patients reported prolonged usage times (an average of 9.78 ± 1.99 h; range, 8-14). No significant adverse ocular effects or clinically relevant changes in ocular parameters (ECC, CH, IOPcc, central corneal thickness and keratometry; all p > 0.05), visual quality, comfort rating or usage time were found during the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Corneoscleral lenses could be fitted in non-severe cases after keratoplasty surgery with optimal visual results as they can be a safe and healthy alternative option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montalt
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Esteban Porcar
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain.
| | - Enrique España-Gregori
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology unit, la Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Hospital la Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Cristina Peris-Martínez
- FISABIO Oftalmología Médica and Aviñó&Peris Eye Clinic. Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46026, Spain
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Impact of Corneoscleral Contact Lens Usage on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters in Keratoconic Eyes. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 45:318-323. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McKay GN, Mahmood F, Durr NJ. Large dynamic range autorefraction with a low-cost diffuser wavefront sensor. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1718-1735. [PMID: 31061764 PMCID: PMC6484988 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront sensing with a thin diffuser has emerged as a potential low-cost alternative to a lenslet array for aberrometry. Here we show that displacement of caustic patterns can be tracked for estimating wavefront gradient in a diffuser wavefront sensor (DWFS), enabling large dynamic-range wavefront measurements with sufficient accuracy for eyeglass prescription measurements. We compare the dynamic range, repeatability, precision, and number of resolvable prescriptions of a DWFS to a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) for autorefraction measurement. We induce spherical and cylindrical errors in a model eye and use a multi-level Demon's non-rigid registration algorithm to estimate caustic displacements relative to an emmetropic model eye. When compared to spherical error measurements with the SHWFS using a laser diode with a laser speckle reducer, the DWFS demonstrates a ∼5-fold improvement in dynamic range (-4.0 to +4.5 D vs. -22.0 to +19.5 D) with less than half the reduction in resolution (0.072 vs. 0.116 D), enabling a ∼3-fold increase in the number of resolvable prescriptions (118 vs. 358). In addition to being lower-cost, the unique, non-periodic nature of the caustic pattern formed by a diffuser enables a larger dynamic range of aberration measurements compared to a lenslet array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. McKay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Nicholas J. Durr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
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Montalt JC, Porcar E, España-Gregori E, Peris-Martínez C. Visual quality with corneo-scleral contact lenses after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation for keratoconus management. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Catania LJ, Nicolitz E. Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications in Vision and Eye Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yaoo.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Visual quality with corneo-scleral contact lenses for keratoconus management. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2018; 41:351-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soeters N, Muijzer MB, Molenaar J, Godefrooij DA, Wisse RPL. Autorefraction Versus Manifest Refraction in Patients With Keratoconus. J Refract Surg 2018; 34:30-34. [PMID: 29315439 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20171130-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare visual performance using autorefraction and manifest refraction assessments in patients with keratoconus and investigate whether autorefraction measurements lead to suboptimal visual performance. METHODS Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was measured in 90 eyes of 61 patients with keratoconus with both autorefraction and manifest refraction, in a random order. Maximum keratometry (Kmax), cone location, and wavefront aberration were determined with Scheimpflug tomography. The difference between the autorefraction and manifest refraction outcomes was converted to vectors and a multivariable analysis was performed to identify potential underlying causes of this difference. RESULTS A significantly better CDVA was achieved with manifest refraction (0.06 vs 0.29 logMAR [20/23 vs 20/38 Snellen], P < .001). After vector analysis, a mean difference of 4.83 diopters was found between autorefraction and manifest refraction. Increased Kmax was strongly and significantly associated with better visual performance of manifest refraction compared to autorefraction (B = 0.496, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a superior CDVA is achieved with manifest refraction compared to autorefraction in patients with keratoconus. Furthermore, the difference between the two refraction methods increases as the cornea steepens. According to this study, autorefraction is unreliable in patients with keratoconus and should be avoided. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(1):30-34.].
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Schultz T, Dick HB. Small-Aperture Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Patient With an Irregular Cornea. J Refract Surg 2017; 32:706-708. [PMID: 27722759 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20160721-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a small-aperture intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after corneal trauma. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 17-year-old boy with corneal scars, iris defect, and aphakia after perforating trauma in the right eye was scheduled for small-aperture IOL (IC-8; AcuFocus, Irvine, CA) implantation under general anesthesia. No intraoperative complications were observed. Six months after surgery, the uncorrected distance and near visual acuity increased significantly. Furthermore, reduced photopic phenomena were reported. CONCLUSIONS The small-aperture IOL is a new and promising option to treat patients suffering from the effects of corneal irregularities. [J Refract Surg. 2016;32(10):706-708.].
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Porcar E, Montalt JC, España-Gregori E, Peris-Martínez C. Corneo-scleral contact lenses in an uncommon case of keratoconus with high hyperopia and astigmatism. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 40:351-356. [PMID: 28712891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the visual quality achieved by fitting corneo-scleral contact lenses (CScL) in an uncommon case of bilateral keratoconus, high hyperopia and astigmatism. METHODS A 45-year-old man presented for eye examination due to the unsatisfactory quality of his vision wearing soft toric contact lenses. He presented high hyperopia and astigmatism with bilateral keratoconus. He was fitted with CScL to correct his irregular astigmatism and ocular aberrations. A diagnostic trial set was used in the fitting process and he was assessed according to standardised fitting methodology. Visual acuity, corneal topography, biometry and ocular aberrations were evaluated. The follow-up period was 1year. RESULTS The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/32 with +8.00/-4.50×30° for the right eye (RE) and 20/25 with +7.75/-2.25×120° for the left eye (LE). After CScL fitting, visual acuity was improved to 20/20 and 20/16 for the RE and LE, respectively. The patient wore these contact lenses an average of 13h a day. The total high order aberrations decreased by approximately 79% in the RE (2.37-0.50μm) and 47% in the LE (1.04-0.55μm) after CScL fitting. Visual quality and wearing time were maintained after 1year wearing CScL. In addition, no adverse ocular effects were found during this period. CONCLUSION The present case report describes how the patient had CScL fitted successfully for management of keratoconus with high hyperopia and astigmatism. They provided optimal visual quality, along with prolonged use times and no adverse effects to the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Porcar
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Montalt
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Enrique España-Gregori
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Unit, la Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Hospital la Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Cristina Peris-Martínez
- FISABIO Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Cornea Unit and Anterior Segment Diseases, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia 46015, Spain
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Post-LASIK Visual Quality With a Corneoscleral Contact Lens to Treat Irregular Corneas. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:46-50. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fredriksson A, Behndig A. Eccentric small-zone ray tracing wavefront aberrometry for refraction in keratoconus. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:679-684. [PMID: 27496244 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare objective refraction using small-zone eccentric laser ray tracing (LRT) wavefront aberrometry to standard autorefraction in keratoconus (KC), and whether the visual acuities achieved with these refractions differ from corresponding values in healthy eyes. METHODS Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with KC and 29 eyes of 29 healthy controls were included in this prospective unmasked case-control study. The uncorrected (UCVA) and spectacle-corrected (SCVA) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuities based on refractions derived from LRT in central and four eccentric zones were compared to those achieved with standard autorefraction. The spherical equivalent (M) and two astigmatic power vectors (C0 and C45) were calculated for all refractions. Pentacam HR® was used to generate keratometry readings of the corresponding zones. RESULTS In KC, the refraction from the upper nasal zone rendered a higher SCVA than the standard autorefraction more often than in the controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant variation in M between the different LRT measurement points in the control group, but central data provided the best SCVA. The UCVA:s and SCVA:s were worse in KC, and the KC eyes showed inferior myopia and superior hyperopia. Multiple refractions rendered similar SCVA:s in KC. Pentacam HR® showed higher keratometry readings infero-temporally, but also lower readings supero-nasally, compared to controls. CONCLUSION In KC, eccentric LRT measurements gave better SCVA than standard autorefraction more often than in healthy eyes. Eccentric LRT may become a valuable tool in the demanding task of subjective refraction in KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Fredriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology; Umeå University Hospital; Umeå Sweden
| | - Anders Behndig
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology; Umeå University Hospital; Umeå Sweden
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Prakash G, Srivastava D, Choudhuri S, Bacero R. Comparison of Ocular Monochromatic Higher-order Aberrations in Normal Refractive Surgery Candidates of Arab and South Asian Origin. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2016; 23:115-21. [PMID: 26957850 PMCID: PMC4759888 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.171758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the ocular monochromatic higher-order aberration. (HOA) profile in normal refractive surgery candidates of Arab and South Asian origin. METHODS This cross-sectional, observational, comparative study was performed in the cornea department of a specialty hospital. Normal refractive surgery candidates with no ocular morbidity except refractive error were recruited. Refractive surgery candidates underwent a preoperative evaluation, including wavefront aberrometry with the iDesign aberrometer (AMO, Inc., Santa Ana, California, United States). The HOA from right eyes were analyzed for HOA signed, absolute, and polar Zernike coefficients. RESULTS Two hundred Arab participants (group 1) and 200 participants of South-Asian origin (group 2) comprised the study sample. The age and refractive status were comparable between groups. The mean of the HOA root mean square (RMS) was 0.36 ± 17 μ and 0.38 ± 18 μ for Arab and South-Asian eyes, respectively (P < 0.05, rank sum test [RST]). Of the 22 higher order signed Zernike modes, only Z3 (-3), Z3 (-1),3 (1), Z4 (-4), Z4 (-2), Z4 (0), Z4 (4), and Z5 (-5) were significantly different from zero (one sample t-test, P < 0.002, with a Bonferroni correction of 0.05/22). All the signed and absolute Zernike terms were comparable between groups (RST, P > 0.002 [0.05/22]). The polar coefficients for coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, and tetrafoil were comparable between groups (P > 0.05, RST). Combined RMS values of third, fourth, fifth, and sixth order also were comparable between groups (P > 0.05, RST). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative whole eye HOA were similar for refractive surgery candidates of Arab and South-Asian origin. The values were comparable to historical data for Caucasian eyes and were lower than Asian (Chinese) eyes. These findings may aid in refining refractive nomograms for wavefront ablations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, NMC Eye Care, New Medical Center Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhruv Srivastava
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, NMC Eye Care, New Medical Center Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sounak Choudhuri
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, NMC Eye Care, New Medical Center Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruthchel Bacero
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, NMC Eye Care, New Medical Center Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Zhou W, Stojanovic A, Utheim TP. Assessment of refractive astigmatism and simulated therapeutic refractive surgery strategies in coma-like-aberrations-dominant corneal optics. EYE AND VISION 2016; 3:13. [PMID: 27175371 PMCID: PMC4864917 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-016-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to raise the awareness of the influence of coma-like higher-order aberrations (HOAs) on power and orientation of refractive astigmatism (RA) and to explore how to account for that influence in the planning of topography-guided refractive surgery in eyes with coma-like-aberrations-dominant corneal optics. Methods Eleven eyes with coma-like-aberrations-dominant corneal optics and with low lenticular astigmatism (LA) were selected for astigmatism analysis and for treatment simulations with topography-guided custom ablation. Vector analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of coma-like corneal HOAs to RA. Two different strategies were used for simulated treatments aiming to regularize irregular corneal optics: With both strategies correction of anterior corneal surface irregularities (corneal HOAs) were intended. Correction of total corneal astigmatism (TCA) and RA was intended as well with strategies 1 and 2, respectively. Results Axis of discrepant astigmatism (RA minus TCA minus LA) correlated strongly with axis of coma. Vertical coma influenced RA by canceling the effect of the with-the-rule astigmatism and increasing the effect of the against-the-rule astigmatism. After simulated correction of anterior corneal HOAs along with TCA and RA (strategies 1 and 2), only a small amount of anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) and no TCA remained after strategy 1, while considerable amount of ACA and TCA remained after strategy 2. Conclusions Coma-like corneal aberrations seem to contribute a considerable astigmatic component to RA in eyes with coma-like-aberrations dominant corneal optics. If topography-guided ablation is programmed to correct the corneal HOAs and RA, the astigmatic component caused by the coma-like corneal HOAs will be treated twice and will result in induced astigmatism. Disregarding RA and treating TCA along with the corneal HOAs is recommended instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- SynsLaser Kirurgi AS, Tromsø, Troms Norway ; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aleksandar Stojanovic
- SynsLaser Kirurgi AS, Tromsø, Troms Norway ; Eye Department, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway ; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lamard M, Ferragut S, Hugny-Larroque C, De Bougrenet De La Tocnaye JL, Cochener B. [Assessment of a 3D digital orthoptic test platform]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:441-8. [PMID: 27185660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare standard orthoptic tests with a novel digital 3D orthoptic platform, 3DeltaEasy(©) from Orthoptica(®). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study tests the 3D digital orthoptics platform, 3DeltaEasy(©) from Orthoptica(®) and compares it to the corresponding standard orthoptic tests. This platform consists of a computer equipped with dedicated software, a video projector and 3D liquid crystal glasses. Three tests were compared: Wirt test, measurement of horizontal and vertical phorias, and the horizontal fusional amplitude in convergence and divergence. A total of 102 subjects, 53 males (52 %) and 49 females (48 %), aged between 9 years and 72 years (mean age 33±16.4 years) were examined at the ophthalmologic department of the Brest Hospital (France) and included in this observational cross-sectional study. Subjects recruited in this study were patients requiring orthoptic screening or therapy. Patients without their optimal visual corrections were excluded. All patients underwent both ophthalmological and orthoptic examination including Wirt fly stereotest with polarizing spectacles, cover tests to evaluate and measure the horizontal and vertical deviation of the lines of sight, horizontal vergence ranges using prism bar and their equivalent tests implemented in the digital 3D orthoptic tests 3DeltaEasy(©) from Orthoptica(®). RESULTS All data were processed using MedCalc Statistical Software version 14.12.0 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium). The main result of this study is that 3DeltaEasy(©) and the classical Wirt test are correlated (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation: ρ=0.74; P<0.0001), cover tests are equivalent for intermediate and far vision (paired t-test; P=0.46 and P=0.51), and horizontal and vertical vergence range are comparable for distance vision (paired t-test; P=0.34 and P=0.94). CONCLUSION New digital 3D tools could easily substitute for some orthoptic tests with better ergonomics. Eventually, by increasing the number of tests performed, it could substitute for nearly all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamard
- Université de Bretagne occidentale, 3, rue des Archives, CS 93837, 29238 Brest cedex 3, France; LaTIM-Inserm UMR 1101, laboratoire de traitement de l'information médicale, Bat 1, CHU Morvan, 29609 Brest cedex, France.
| | - S Ferragut
- LaTIM-Inserm UMR 1101, laboratoire de traitement de l'information médicale, Bat 1, CHU Morvan, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Télécom Bretagne, CS 83818, 29238 Brest cedex 3, France
| | - C Hugny-Larroque
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire, 5, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | | | - B Cochener
- Université de Bretagne occidentale, 3, rue des Archives, CS 93837, 29238 Brest cedex 3, France; LaTIM-Inserm UMR 1101, laboratoire de traitement de l'information médicale, Bat 1, CHU Morvan, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire, 5, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex, France
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